Article published in:
On Diversity and Complexity of Languages Spoken in Europe and North and Central Asia
Edited by Pirkko Suihkonen and Lindsay J. Whaley
[Studies in Language Companion Series 164] 2014
► pp. 311–338

Kinds of evidentiality in German complement clauses

| Samara State Academy of Social Sciences and Humanities
This paper continues my previous work on German complement clauses published in Russia (Gundareva & Kostrova 2005). I developed a system of oppositions between the kinds of reported, evoked and demonstrative evidence in present-day German complement clauses and identified the markers forming these distinctions and their interrelation. Here, viewing complement clauses as the product of complex speech acts, I focus on the locution level, analyzing the functions and semantics of noun and verb phrases in the main and complement clauses and their grammatical description. The system of oppositions that emerges reflects several kinds of evidentiality: quotative vs. indefinite, evoked vs. cited, effective vs. conjectural, acquired through perceived vs. inferred, referred-to-subject vs. referred-to-subject and narrator.
Keywords: complement clauses, evidentiality, kinds, markers
Published online: 17 December 2014
https://doi.org/10.1075/slcs.164.11kos
References

References

Admoni, Vladimir G.
1973 Sintaxis sovremennogo nemeckogo yazyka: sistema otnošenij i sistema postroeniya (Syntax of the Contemporary German: System of Relationships and System of Bilding). Leningrad: Nauka.Google Scholar
Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y.
2006 Evidentiality in Grammar. In Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics 4, Keith Brown (ed.), 320–325. Oxford: Elsevier. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y. & Dixon, Robert M.W.
(eds) 2003 Studies in Evidentiality [Typological Studies in Language 54]. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Austin, James
1955 How to do Things with Words: The William James Lectures delivered at Harvard University in 1955, 1962. J.O. Urmson (ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Babёr, Nina V.
2012 Realizacija kategorii evidencialnosti v nemeckom jazyke (Realization of Evidentiality in German Language). Author’s abstract of PhD dissertation, Moscow Pedagogical University.
Bally, Charles
1955[1932] Obščaja lingvistika i voprosy francuzskogo jazyka (Linguistique générale et linguistique française). Moscow: Inostrannaja literatura.Google Scholar
Čeremisina, Maja I. & Kolosova, Tatjana A.
1987 Očerki po teorii složnogo predloženija (Essaies about the Theory of Compound Sentences). Novosibirsk: Nauka.Google Scholar
Davidson, D.
2004 Subjektiv, intersubjektiv, objektiv. Frankfurt: Suhrkamp.Google Scholar
Diewald, Gabriele & Smirnova, Elena
2010a Abgrenzung von Modalität und Evidentialität im heutigen Deutsch. In Modalität/Temporalität in kontrastiver und typologischer Sicht [Danziger Beiträge zur Germanistik 30], Andrzej Kątny & Anna Socka (eds), 113–131. Frankfurt: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
2010b Evidentiality in German. Linguistic Realization and Regularities in Grammaticalization. Berlin: De Gruyter. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Duden. Duden
1998 Grammatik der deutschen Gegenwartssprache, Dudenredaktion (ed.). Bearbeitet von Peter Eisenberg, Hermann Gelhaus, Helmut Henne, Horst Sitta & Hans Wellmann. Mannheim: Duden.Google Scholar
Glinz, Hans
1994 Grammatiken im Vergleich: Deutsch – Französisch – Englisch – Latein; Formen – Bedeutungen – Verstehen [Reihe Germanistische Linguistik 136: Kollegbuch]. Tübingen: Niemeyer. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Gulyga, Elena V.
1971 Složnopodčinёnnoe predloženie v sovremennom nemeckom jazyke (Compound Sentences in Contemporary German Language). Moscow: Vysšaja škola.Google Scholar
Gundareva, Elena S. & Kostrova, Olga A.
2005 Semiotika kosvennosti v nemeckom jazyke (na materiale složnopodčinёnnyh predloženij s pridatočnymi objektnymi) (Semiotics of Indirectness in German Language). Togliatti: University.Google Scholar
Hansen, B.
2007 Evidenzialnost’ v nemeckom jazyke (Evidentiality in German language). In Evidencialnost’ v jazykah Evropy i Azii (Evidentiality in Languages of Europa and Asia), Viktor S. Xrakovski, (ed.), 241–252. St.Petersburg: Nauka.Google Scholar
Ifantidou, Elly
2001 Evidentials and Relevance [Pragmatics & Beyond New Series 86]. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Ishmuxametova, Alfia Z.
2010 Passivnye konstrukcii so značeniem processa v nemeckom jazyke (Passive Constructions denoting Process in German). Author’s abstract of PhD dissertation, Samara: Academy of Social Sciences and Humanities.Google Scholar
Jakobson, Roman
1972[1957] (in Russian). Shifters, verbal categories, and the Russian verb. In Princypy tipologičeskogo analiza jazykov različnogo stroya (Typological Analysis Principles in the Languages of Different Systems), Boris Uspensky (ed.). 95–113. Moskow: Nauka.Google Scholar
Kozinceva, Natalia A.
1994 Kategorija evidencialnosti (problemy tipologičeskogo analiza) (Category of evidentiality: Problems of typological analysis). InVoprosy Yazykoznanija 3: 92–104.Google Scholar
2007 Tipologija kategorii zasvidetelstvovannosti (Typology of the category of evidentiality). In Evidencialnost’ v yazykah Evropy i Azii (Evidentiality in Languages of Europa and Asia), Viktor S. Xrakovski (ed.), 13–36. St.Petersburg: Nauka.Google Scholar
Makarcev, Maxim M.
2010 Kategorija evidencialnosti v prostranstve balkanskogo texta (na materiale bolgarskogo, makedonskogo I albanskogo yazykov) (Category of Evidentiality in the Space of Balkan Text). Author’s abstract of PhD dissertation. Moscow: Rossijskaja Academija nauk.
Mushin, Ilana
2001 Evidentiality and Epistemological Stance: Narrative retelling [Pragmatics & Beyond New Series 87]. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Oxford Popular English Dictionary
1998 Oxford: OUP.Google Scholar
Plungjan, Vladimir A.
2011 Vvedenie v grammatičeskuju semantiku: grammatičeskie značenija i grammatičeskie sistemy jazykov (Introduction into Grammar Semantics: Grammar Meanings and Grammar Systems of Languages). Moscow: RGGU.Google Scholar
Socka, Anna
2010 Reportative Partikeln in kontrastiver Sicht (Polnisch – Deutsch). In Modalität/Temporalität in kontrastiver und typologischer Sicht [Danziger Beiträge zur Germanistik 30], Andrzej Kątny & Anna Socka, (eds), 239–264. Frankfurt: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
Xrakovski, Viktor S.
2007 Evidenzialnost’, epistemičeskaja modalnost’, (ad)mirativnost’ (Evidentiality, epistemic modality, (ad)mirativity). In Evidencialnost’ v yazykah Evropy i Azii (Evidentiality in Languages of Europa and Asia), Viktor S. Xrakovski (ed.), 600–632. St.Petersburg: Nauka.Google Scholar
Wierzbicka, Anna
2003[1991] Cross-Cultural Pragmatics: The Semantics of Human Interaction. The Hague: Mouton de Gruyter. CrossrefGoogle Scholar

Cited sources

Böll, Heinrich
1994 Gruppenbild mit Dame: Roman. Köln: Kippenhauer & Witsch.Google Scholar
1995 Der blasse Hund: Erzählungen. Köln: Kippenhauer & Witsch.Google Scholar
Feuchtwanger, Lion
1983 Die Füchse im Weinberg: Roman. Berlin und Weimar: Aufbau-Verlag.Google Scholar
Frisch, Max
1974 Homo faber: Ein Bericht. Berlin: Verlag Volk und Welt.Google Scholar
Handke, Peter
1970 Die Angst des Tormanns beim Elfmeter: Erzählung. Frankfurt: Suhrkamp.Google Scholar
Koeppen, Wolfgang
1992 Jacob Littners Aufzeichnungen aus einem Erdloch: Roman. Frankfurt: Jüdischer Verlag.Google Scholar
Lachauer, Ulla
2009 Ritas Leute: Eine deutsch-russische Familiengeschichte. Reinbek bei Hamburg.Google Scholar
Müller, Herta
2009 Atemschaukel: Roman. München: Verlag Carl Hanser.Google Scholar
Nadolny, Sten
2007 Die Entdeckung der Langsamkeit: Roman. München: Piper Verlag.Google Scholar
Noll, Dieter
1976 Die Abenteuer des Werner Holt: Roman einer Jugend. Berlin: Aufbau-Verlag.Google Scholar
Safranski, Rüdiger
2004 Schiller oder die Erfindung des deutschen Idealismus. München. Wien: Carl Hanser Verlag.Google Scholar
Schlink, Bernhard
1995 Der Vorleser: Roman. Zürich: Diogenes Verlag.Google Scholar
Strauss, Botho
1981 Paare Passanten: Roman. München: Carl Hanser Verlag.Google Scholar
Walser, Martin
1993 Ein fliehendes Pferd: Erzählung. Frankfurt: Suhrkamp.Google Scholar
1998 Ein springender Brunnen: Roman. Frankfurt: Suhrkamp Verlag.Google Scholar
von Waltershausen, Margit
1990 Interviews mit Kindern unter 12 Jahren. Bonn: Inter Nationes.Google Scholar