Chapter published in:
New Trends in Grammaticalization and Language Change
Edited by Sylvie Hancil, Tine Breban and José Vicente Lozano
[Studies in Language Companion Series 202] 2018
► pp. 259–290

Pragmatic uses of nu in Old Saxon and Old English

| Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne – CIRLEP

The Proto-Germanic temporal adverb *nū has developed pragmatic uses in most Present-Day Germanic languages, as a modal particle and/or as a discourse marker. Synchronically, the two categories are usually considered distinct, but they have much in common, especially in terms of function. Diachronically, it is unclear whether they typically develop independently or constitute two different steps in the same evolutionary pathway. This paper examines two closely related early Germanic corpora (Old English and Old Saxon verse) to determine whether uses of nu matching the formal and functional features typically associated with modal particles and discourse markers respectively can be identified there. It finds that many of the pragmatic uses found in Present-Day Germanic languages can already be observed to some extent in those corpora, especially in Old English, but that there is still too much continuity between the various pragmatic uses of nu (and indeed between lexical, grammatical and pragmatic uses of nu) in Old English and Old Saxon to consider that such uses reflect the existence of truly distinct markers.

Keywords: Old English, Old Saxon, pragmatics, discourse markers, modal particles, poetry, nu , now
Article outline
  • 1.Preliminaries
    • 1.1Theoretical background
    • 1.2Object
    • 1.3Method and outline
  • 2.Multiple uses of nu in Old English and Old Saxon
    • 2.1Lexical use of nu: Temporal (and contrastive) adverb
      • 2.1.1Formal features
      • 2.1.2Meaning
    • 2.2Grammatical use of nu : From adverb to conjunction
    • 2.3Possible MP uses
      • 2.3.1Following imperatives
      • 2.3.2Other post-verbal uses of nu
      • 2.3.3Concluding remarks on potential MP uses
    • 2.4Possible DM uses
      • 2.4.1Possible DM uses in Old Saxon
      • 2.4.2Possible DM uses in Old English
        • 2.4.2.1Syntactic differences between the two patterns
        • 2.4.2.2Pragmatic differences between the two patterns
      • 2.4.3Concluding remarks on potential DM uses
  • 3.Conclusion
  • Notes
  • References
Published online: 06 December 2018
https://doi.org/10.1075/slcs.202.11lou
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