Chapter published in:
Late Modern English: Novel encountersEdited by Merja Kytö and Erik Smitterberg
[Studies in Language Companion Series 214] 2020
► pp. 118–142
Diffusion of do
The acquisition of do negation by have (to)
Tomoharu Hirota | University of British Columbia
This paper gives a diachronic perspective on
do-support of the semi-modal have
to under negation. Corpus evidence demonstrates that
do negation was regulated with have
to around the 1870s in American English and around the
1930s in British English. To elucidate the development of
have to towards do negation,
Krug (2000) invokes
two usage-based factors (analogical leveling and chunking); this
paper argues, however, that they do not adequately account for the
present findings. The current study instead provides the
constructionist approach in which language users are hypothesized to
have a form-driven abstraction over have to and the
main verb have, and proposes that the abstraction
played a key role in the change in question.
Published online: 18 March 2020
https://doi.org/10.1075/slcs.214.05hir
https://doi.org/10.1075/slcs.214.05hir
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