Chapter 9
Exemplification in interaction
From reformulation to the creation of common ground
The aim of this paper is to examine how
exemplification is used in real-time interactions to make reference to
conceptual categories. Based on real occurrences of spoken Italian, it
is shown that in conversations exemplification is used cooperatively
by different participants to perform several functions. Not only can
exemplification be used to present or expand the reference to a
category by both speaker and addressee, but it can also contribute to
the creation of a mutually accepted common ground (examples can be
employed to communicate that alignment has been reached or to
communicate how such alignment could be reached). Finally, we argue
that examples are part of a bigger picture of cooperative reference
construction, where speakers collaborate reformulating the reference
using different types of strategies.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Exemplification in interaction and the creation of reference: Some theoretical premises
- 2.1The issue of making reference to conceptual categories
- 2.2The collaborative model of referring
- 2.3Exemplification in the creation of reference
- 3.Methodological remarks: Corpora, objects of analysis and parameters
- 4.Exemplification by the speaker: Presenting and refashioning the reference
- 5.Exemplification by the addressee: From collaborating to reference construction to interpersonal
functions
- 5.1Exemplifying to collaborate in the reference
construction
- 5.2Exemplifying to provide feedback on the reference
- 5.3Exemplifying to ask for feedback on the reference
- 6.Concluding remarks: Exemplification and the online creation of reference
-
Acknowledgements
-
Notes
-
References
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