Subject and language index

• Accessibility (of referent in discourse)
  • accessible 109, 218, 225, 228, 251, 269, 404–406
  • given/old 190, 192–195, 219, 220, 234, 242, 251, 269, 325, 372, 389
  • inferable referent82
  • new 190–193, 196, 218, 220, 222, 224, 225, 226, 228, 234, 252, 253, 269, 345, 346, 372, 380, 381–384, 390–398, 409

• affirmation/affirmative 39, 99, 114, 354, 355, 379

• age (of speaker) 91–92, 106–109, 125, 134, 144, 157, 172, 173, 191–192, 194, 242
  • age-grading 293, 305, 418, 428–429, 431, 442–443, 452, 455

• agreement 17, 32, 37–38, 41, 114, 182–183, 190, 193, 367
  • agreement prefix37

• analytic (see ‘synthetic’) 33, 35, 57, 59, 117, 123
  • analytic-synthetic cycle 16, 34, 42, 113, 114, 430, 444

• anaphor/anaphoric 216–217, 220, 222

• animacy/animate/inanimate, 374, 380–384, 396, 398

• apparent time/change in apparent time 9, 132, 135, 172, 177, 192, 280, 293–245, 419, 426, 451, 452

• articles 31, 166, 499
  • definite article 31, 163, 173
  • indefinite article499

• aspect (see ‘Tense/Aspect/Mood’) 30, 33, 37

• backgrounding (see ‘forgrounding’) 354, 360

• Basque64

• Cajun141

• Canadian French 280, 305
  • Montreal French 114, 134, 135, 138, 151, 163, 171, 172, 339
  • Québec French 39, 163, 166, 169, 172–173, 281, 335, 444

• Chamorro372

• change from above191

• change from below145, 158, 191, 294–319

• change in progress 10, 12, 13, 15, 17, 44, 80, 172, 173, 182, 191, 196, 294–319, 419, 426, 433, 434, 440, 444, 452, 455, 470, 501

• cline of grammaticality 484, 498

• clitic/clitics 17, 37, 57, 59
  • clitic pronoun 32, 59–60, 63–64, 83, 93, 115, 117–118, 121, 126, 140–142, 163–164, 183, 210, 321
    • object clitic 141, 160, 169, 173, 190, 191, 215
    • subject clitic 133, 142, 187, 189, 193, 194, 209, 234, 321, 360
    • clitic pronouns and elision of /l/ 164, 167–169, 171, 173
  • clitic ne ‘old not’133
  • clitic determiners 57, 152

• cyclical change 14, 17, 134, 180, 189, 311, 440
  • analytic-synthetic cycle 10, 16, 17, 33–35, 42, 57, 113–114, 123, 430, 444

• Danish142

• decategorialisation 484, 487, 491, 501

• definite/definite reference 192, 225, 321, 326

• dependent vs. independent clauses 84, 139, 140, 141, 343

• detachment (see ‘dislocation’) 207, 249

• discourse function 192, 207, 211

• dislocation 180, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 213, 227
  • discourse function of dislocations 228–241, 249–252
  • left-dislocation 183, 216, 218
  • right-dislocation 183, 216, 218, 219

• drift 12, 93, 114, 135, 144, 180, 18, 251, 297, 304, 311

• echo questions (see ‘interrogative’), 100, 103

• elision68
  • elision of /l/ 163–173

• English 8–10, 15, 41, 44, 132, 252, 263, 270, 311

• existential/existential construction 344, 346, 367, 375, 391, 415

• foregrounding/foregrounded (see ‘backgrounding’), 240, 323, 354, 355, 360

• frequency/frequency effects460

• generalization 484, 491–492, 494, 495, 501

• Georgian64

• given information/referent (see ‘accessibility’)

• Given A constraint, 381–382, 389, 390, 393

• grammaticalisation/grammaticalisation (see ‘lexicalization’) 12, 34, 35
  • grammaticalization of pas ‘new not’ in French 133–134
  • grammaticalization of right-dislocated subjects 210–211, 242
  • grammaticalization of vous and tu as indefinite pronouns339
  • grammaticalization of Latin casa to French chez 343–502

• Hebrew372

• Hungarian64

• iconicity269

• imperative 65, 85, 119, 139, 141, 142

• impersonal/impersonal verb, 36, 37, 38, 42, 43–44, 139, 141, 166, 214, 367, 375, 391, 431

• inanimate (see ‘animacy’)

• indefinite/indefinite reference 52, 213, 225, 234, 251, 327

• indefinite article, see ‘article’

• indefinite pronoun 280, 334–335, 337, 339, 346, 354

• inferable referent (see ‘accessibility’)

• interrogative 37, 60, 61, 95–111, 116–118, 152, 191, 300, 301
  • constituent questions (WH-questions) 98–99, 100, 103–105, 111
  • echo questions 99, 100, 109
  • rhetorical questions 108–111
  • sentential questions (yes/no questions) 98–99, 105, 106, 110, 111

• Italian 41, 43, 485

• Korean372

• Latin 57, 59, 64, 66, 113, 114, 115, 133, 135, 163, 164, 296, 297, 301, 302, 311, 375, 480, 483, 486, 487, 489

• left-dislocation (see ‘dislocation’)

• Leipzig Glossing Rules 29, 45

• liaison 10, 13, 32, 61, 67–74, 115, 125, 151–160, 191, 418, 430, 440

• Malécot corpus (see ‘Paris corpus’)

• Mayan 366, 371, 389

• mood/modality (see ‘tense-aspect-mood’)
  • Conditional 39, 85, 340, 341, 342, 361
  • Subjunctive 84, 85, 139

• morphologization 17, 430

• negation 9, 33, 38, 39, 59, 78, 79–93, 133–148, 263, 294–297, 300, 302, 311, 355–356, 419–444, 499

• new referent/information (see ‘activation’)

• Non-lexical A Constraint 372, 375, 376, 389, 390

• object conjugation/object inflexion 63–64

• observer’s paradox439

• Old French 59, 60,82, 79, 106, 116, 168, 173, 183, 297, 300, 375, 483, 485, 486, 488, 489, 491, 492

• One Lexical Argument Constraint 371, 377, 378, 389, 390

• One New Argument Constraint 372, 390

• panel study (see ‘trend study’) 440, 452

• Paris corpus 11, 14, 17, 78, 80, 90, 91, 96, 114, 125, 132, 164, 189, 520

• Picard 241, 60, 74, 141, 142

• Picardy corpus/Coveney corpus 424, 431, 433, 434, 523

• pragmatic/pragmatics 40, 183, 189, 190, 192, 207, 210, 211, 228, 229, 232, 236, 237, 240, 242, 243, 251, 252, 274, 321, 328, 354, 358, 360, 366, 368, 371, 372, 375, 379, 380, 384, 389–391, 397, 398

• pre-determination 64–66

• Preferred Argument Structure 13, 366, 371, 373, 375, 384, 389, 390, 398

• prefixed inflection/prefixal inflection 34, 42, 66, 83, 101, 183, 189, 190, 226, 260, 368, 430, 444

• prefixed conjugation 114, 126, 430

• presentative/presentative structures 110, 340–341, 391, 392, 394, 395–398

• pro-drop 17, 41–43, 48, 115, 367, 368, 375, 430

• profession (of speaker) 91, 96, 124, 126, 136, 152, 165, 187, 283, 294, 225, 424, 442, 453, 493, 495

• pronoun of address 89, 105, 190, 334, 338, 339, 358

• Proto-Indo-European 113, 123, 135, 366

• register 134, 304–306, 426

• rhetorical questions (see ‘interrogative’)

• right-dislocation (see ‘dislocation’)

• Romannce 17, 41, 43, 57, 59, 64, 66, 113, 116, 135, 371
  • Gallo-Romance 485–486

• Sacapultec 366, 371, 376, 389, 390

• Salient/saliency (of discourse referent) 192, 263, 325

• sentential questions (see ‘interrogative’)

• sex (of speaker) 90–91, 108, 125, 146, 158, 170, 191, 194, 359, 467

• Siouan, 125, 129

• Socio-economic class (of speaker) 143, 144–147, 156–157, 160, 171, 191, 243, 305, 306, 359, 433, 436, 462, 467

• SOV word order/SOV to SVO135

• Spanish 13, 31, 40, 41, 43, 366–368, 371–384, 390, 485

• subject cycle 189, 18, 20, 132, 49, 70

• subjunctive (see ‘mood’)

• support verb,152

• SVO word order /SVO language 12, 133, 135, 142, 148, 180, 182, 210, 245, 249, 251, 274
  • SVO to VSO/VOS 12, 180, 182, 190, 210, 251

• Swahili 64, 366

• Swedish491

• Swiss French 15, 431
  • Swiss French corpus 524, 528

• syntactisation 484, 488, 502

• synthesis/synthetic (see ‘analytic-synthetic cycle’) 11, 33, 34, 35, 42, 57, 113, 114, 430
  • polysynthesis66

• tense 39, 65, 104, 117, 378

• tense-aspect-mood (TAM) 30, 33, 37, 39, 114

• topic/topicality (of discourse) 41, 143, 144, 189, 190, 192, 193, 194–195, 218, 220, 226, 227–228, 239, 240, 242, 354, 359, 391
  • topic accessibility218
  • topic shift/topic shifting 229, 230–232, 244, 251, 252, 255, 270, 273
  • topic-prominent language 180, 196, 216, 217

• Toubon Law9

• Tours corpuses 3, 6, 7, 9, 11–14, 17, 19, 132, 135, 152, 163, 165, 180, 187, 196, 211, 253, 282, 294, 335, 359, 373, 392, 417–418, 419, 426, 429, 438, 440, 453, 522

• transitivity/transitive, 141, 190–191, 354, 356–360, 378–379
  • transitivity/high transitivity 354, 356, 378

• trend study (see ‘panel study’) 440, 452

• turn closing 237, 244

• Wallon 490, 491