Table of contents
List of figures and tablesIX
PrefaceXI
AcknowledgmentsXVII
Symbols, abbreviations and writing conventionsXIX
Chapter 1.Clitics and syntactic dependencies1
1.Clitics in language and linguistics1
1.1Defining clitics1
1.2Types of clitics5
1.3Approaches to clitics9
2.Basic facts about Serbian clitics9
2.1Overview of the Serbian clitic system10
2.1.1Inventory of Serbian 2P clitics10
2.1.2Cliticization11
2.1.3Linearization of Serbian 2P clitics12
2.2Other Slavic clitic systems16
2.3Serbian clitics in scholarly literature21
3.Basic notions of dependency representation relevant for describing clitics22
3.1Meaning-text linguistic models23
3.1.1The input for clitic placement operations: Surface-syntactic representation24
3.1.2The output of clitic placement operations: Deep-morphological representation26
3.1.3Rules carrying out clitic placement operations27
3.2Synthetizing Serbian Sentences with clitics: An Illustration28
Chapter 2.Cliticization of Serbian personal pronouns and auxiliary verbs31
1.Cliticization31
2.Licensing conditions on cliticization33
3.Cliticization rules for personal pronouns and auxiliary verbs38
4.Summary39
Chapter 3.Serbian clitic cluster41
1.Constitution of the clitic cluster41
1.1Clitic cluster template41
1.2Mutual order of the clitics within the cluster43
2.Co-occurrence constraints affecting clitics46
2.1“Clitic1 ~ clitic2” cooccurrence constraints46
2.1.1Syntactic constraints on the co-occurrence of clitics46
2.1.2Morphonological constraints on the co-occurrence of clitics51
2.2“Clitic ~ host” cooccurrence constraints56
2.2.1Hosts of LI(INTERR)56
2.2.2Hosts of the clitic future markers57
3.Clitic cluster building rules58
4.Summary60
Chapter 4.Linear placement of Serbian clitics61
1.Overview of Serbian 2P clitic linear placement61
2.An informal account of Serbian 2P clitic placement64
2.1Types of host64
2.2Fixed placement65
2.3Variable placement67
2.3.1Delayed placement (skipping)69
2.3.2Insertion72
2.3.3Clause-final position75
3.Linear placement of Serbian clitics within the Meaning-Text framework76
3.1MTT constituents as “building blocks” for the linearization of the syntactic structure77
3.2Linearization rules79
3.2.1Sample sentences with clitics and their relevant representations79
3.2.2Linearization rules for non-clitic elements81
3.2.3Linearization rules for the clitics83
4.Summary87
Chapter 5.Special issues in the linear placement of Serbian clitics89
1.Clitic pseudo-climbing out of dependent infinitive phrases89
1.1Overview of infinitive clitics linear placement89
1.2An informal description of the linearization of infinitive clitics92
1.2.1Governors and syntactic roles of VINF92
1.2.2Factors relevant for the linear placement of the infinitive clitics99
1.3Linearization of the infinitive clitics within the Meaning-Text framework102
1.3.1What does “pseudo-” in “clitic pseudo-climbing” mean?103
1.3.2Linearization rules for the infinitive clitics105
2.Serbian clitics as proclitics108
2.1Post-prosodic break clitic placement108
2.2Clause-initial clitic placement109
3.Summary111
Chapter 6.Morphological makeup of Serbian clitics113
1.Pronominal clitics114
1.1Forms of personal pronouns114
1.1.1First and second person pronouns: JA ‘I’, TI ‘you[sg]’, MI ‘we’, VI ‘you[PL]’114
1.1.2Third person pronoun on ‘he’115
1.1.3Linguistic comments116
1.2Morphology of personal pronouns119
2.Verbal clitics122
2.1Forms of auxiliary verbs122
2.1.1biti ‘be’123
2.1.2HTETI lit. ‘will’ [future tense auxiliary]124
2.2Morphology of auxiliary verbs124
2.2.1Affirmative forms124
2.2.2Negative forms125
3.Summary127
Chapter 7.Serbian clitics as a challenge for the linguistic theory129
1.Serbian clitic auxiliaries: Syntactic heads or dependents?129
1.1The problem stated129
1.2Determining the direction of the syntactic dependency in the configuration v(aux)fin – v(lex)131
1.2.1Two formal criteria for determining the direction of the syntactic dependency131
1.2.2Informal considerations for determining the direction of the syntactic dependency133
1.2.3Additional arguments in favor of treating Serbian auxiliaries as clausal heads135
2.Serbian future-tense markers: Clitics or affixes?137
2.1The problem stated137
2.1.1Wordform and affix138
2.1.2Puzzling properties of future-tense markers139
2.2Criteria for distinguishing clitics from affixes142
2.2.1Syntactic criteria142
2.2.2Morphonological criteria144
2.2.3Criteria proposed in Zwicky & Pullum (1983)146
3.Summary149
Concluding remarks151
References153
Index of Languages163
Index of Terms164
This article is available free of charge.