Hypothetical Modality
Grammaticalisation in an L2 dialect
| National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan
This book marks a new development in the field of grammaticalisation studies, in that it extends the field of grammaticalisation studies from relatively homogeneous languages to those possessing well-established and institutionalised second language varieties. In Hypothetical Modality, special reference is made to Singaporean English, a native-speaker L2 dialect of considerable importance in the South-East Asian region, and to the expression in the dialect of hypothetical modality, which appears to be indistinguishable from non-hypothetical modality in terms of the use of preterite or past forms of modal verbs. Within a grammaticalisation
framework, a number of factors can be seen to be relevant to an explanation, including substratum and contact features such as tense/aspect marking, levels of lexical retention as an individual (psychological) phenomenon, and the fact that such dialects have a discontinuity in their development. In addition, the book defines pragmatic approaches to the understanding of hypothetical modality, in both diachronic and synchronic terms.
framework, a number of factors can be seen to be relevant to an explanation, including substratum and contact features such as tense/aspect marking, levels of lexical retention as an individual (psychological) phenomenon, and the fact that such dialects have a discontinuity in their development. In addition, the book defines pragmatic approaches to the understanding of hypothetical modality, in both diachronic and synchronic terms.
[Studies in Language Companion Series, 51] 2000. xx, 290 pp.
Publishing status: Available
© John Benjamins Publishing Company
Table of Contents
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Preamble
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xi
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Preface
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xiii
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Abbreviations
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xv
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List of Figures
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xvii
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List of Tables
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xix
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1. Introduction.
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1
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2. Hypothetical modality as a grammatical category
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15
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3. A diachronic corpus study of would
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45
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4. Singaporean English and substratum influences in the grammaticalisation of hypothetical modality
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85
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5. The interaction of tense and aspect in the grammaticalisation of counterfactuality
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111
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6. Hypothetical WILL: A study in retention
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137
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7. The Lexical Memory Traces Hypothesis
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205
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8. Conclusions
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247
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Appendices
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257
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Appendix 1: Chapter 6 Questionnaire
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257
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Appendix 2: Chapter 6 Control Questionnaire
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258
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Bibliography
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259
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Selected bibliography
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259
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Primary sources
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277
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Name Index
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281
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Subject Index
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283
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“Debra Ziegeler's book makes a valuable contribution by bringing together two areas of research which are, more often then not, treated seperately: the development of grammar in contact sitautions and the study of grammaticalisation. The book is to be recommended for bridging grammaticalisation and contact studies. It also has much to offer to anyone specifically interested in the phenomenon of hypothetical modality.”
Lionel Wee, Singapore in English World-Wide 22:2, 2001
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2005.
In Language Contact and Grammatical Change,
Loureiro-Porto, Lucía
2019. Grammaticalization of semi-modals of necessity in Asian Englishes.
English World-Wide. A Journal of Varieties of English 40:2 ► pp. 115 ff.
Verstraete, Jean-Christophe
2006. The Nature of Irreality in the Past Domain: Evidence from Past Intentional Constructions in Australian Languages* This paper was written while I was a visiting research fellow at the linguistics department of the University of Melbourne. I would like to thank the department for its hospitality, as well as the Fund for Scientific Research–Flanders for its financial support. I am grateful to Rachel Nordlinger and two anonymous reviewers for very helpful comments on an earlier version of this paper, and to Bruce Birch, Alan Dench, Nick Evans, Ian Green, Shelly Harrison, Ekkehard König, Bill McGregor, Nele Nivelle, Marie-Eve Ritz and Adam Saulwick for general discussion or specific comments on some of the ideas presented here. I am of course responsible for any errors of fact or interpretation..
Australian Journal of Linguistics 26:1 ► pp. 59 ff.
WEE, LIONEL
2007. Singapore English X-self and ownself.
World Englishes 26:3 ► pp. 360 ff.
Ziegeler, Debra
2002. Review of Couper-Kuhlen & Kortmann (2000): Cause, Condition, Concession, Contrast. Cognitive and Discourse Perspectives.
Studies in Language 26:1 ► pp. 201 ff.
Ziegeler, Debra
2008. Review of Frawley (2006): The Expression of Modality.
Studies in Language 32:2 ► pp. 466 ff.
Ziegeler, Debra
2010. Running the gauntlet on the approximatives debate: A response to recent challenges.
Journal of Pragmatics 42:3 ► pp. 681 ff.
Ziegeler, Debra
2014. Replica grammaticalisation as recapitulation.
Diachronica 31:1 ► pp. 106 ff.
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Subjects
BIC Subject: CF – Linguistics
BISAC Subject: LAN009000 – LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES / Linguistics / General