Previous approaches to explaining brow raise behavior in American Sign Language (ASL) have claimed that it performs a semantic or pragmatic function, such as indicating that information is presupposed, given, or otherwise not asserted. However we show that this explanation cannot be extended to all the data. The commonality among all the structures that have ‘br’ marking is that the ‘br’ shows up in A'-positions associated with [-wh] operator features. These operators are semantically restrictive. Furthermore, the domain of ‘br’ spreading is the checking domain of the [-wh] feature, in contrast with c-command domain associated with [+wh] and [+neg] features. The three distinctive ASL brow positions, raised, furrowed, and neutral, are each associated with a different operator situation, [-wh], [+wh], and none, respectively. In sum, ‘br’-marking is clearly associated with syntactic structures that are related only indirectly with specific semantic, pragmatic, or discourse factors.
2017. What You See Is What You Get.Get: Surface Transparency and Ambiguity of Nominalizing Reduplication in American Sign Language. Syntax 20:4 ► pp. 317 ff.
Abner, Natasha & Ronnie B. Wilbur
2017. Quantification in American Sign Language. In Handbook of Quantifiers in Natural Language: Volume II [Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy, 97], ► pp. 21 ff.
Benitez-Quiroz, C. Fabian, Kadir Gökgöz, Ronnie B. Wilbur, Aleix M. Martinez & Emmanuel Andreas Stamatakis
2014. Discriminant Features and Temporal Structure of Nonmanuals in American Sign Language. PLoS ONE 9:2 ► pp. e86268 ff.
Bradley, Chuck, Evie A. Malaia, Jeffrey Mark Siskind, Ronnie B. Wilbur & Marcus Perlman
2022. Visual form of ASL verb signs predicts non-signer judgment of transitivity. PLOS ONE 17:2 ► pp. e0262098 ff.
Brentari, Diane
2019. Sign Language Phonology,
Bross, Fabian
2020. Encoding different types of topics and foci in German Sign Language. A cartographic approach to sign language syntax. Glossa: a journal of general linguistics 5:1
Cecchetto, Carlo, Carlo Geraci & Sandro Zucchi
2006. Strategies of relativization in Italian Sign Language. Natural Language & Linguistic Theory 24:4 ► pp. 945 ff.
Colasanti, Valentina
2023. Functional gestures as morphemes: Some evidence from the languages of Southern Italy. Glossa: a journal of general linguistics 8:1
Crasborn, O.A.
2006. Nonmanual Structures in Sign Language. In Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics, ► pp. 668 ff.
CRASBORN, ONNO & ELS VAN DER KOOIJ
2013. The phonology of focus in Sign Language of the Netherlands. Journal of Linguistics 49:3 ► pp. 515 ff.
Dachkovsky, Svetlana, Christina Healy & Wendy Sandler
2013. Visual intonation in two sign languages. Phonology 30:2 ► pp. 211 ff.
Dachkovsky, Svetlana & Wendy Sandler
2009. Visual Intonation in the Prosody of a Sign Language. Language and Speech 52:2-3 ► pp. 287 ff.
2016. On the Conventionalization of Mouth Actions in Australian Sign Language. Language and Speech 59:1 ► pp. 3 ff.
Kremers, Joost
2012. The syntax of simultaneity. Lingua 122:9 ► pp. 979 ff.
Lillo‐Martin, Diane
2021. Chomsky and Signed Languages. In A Companion to Chomsky, ► pp. 364 ff.
Loos, Cornelia
2018. Detecting clauses and their dependencies in signed utterances: A syntactico-semantic approach. Glossa: a journal of general linguistics 3:1
Lourenço, Guilherme
2023. The Grammar of Agreement in Libras. In Formal Approaches to Languages of South America, ► pp. 57 ff.
Malaia, Evie & Ronnie Wilbur
2010. Sign languages: Contribution to neurolinguistics from cross-modal research. Lingua 120:12 ► pp. 2704 ff.
Meier, Richard P., Kearsy Cormier & David Quinto-Pozos
2002. Gesture and iconicity in sign and speech. In Modality and Structure in Signed and Spoken Languages, ► pp. 167 ff.
Napoli, Donna Jo, Jami Fisher & Gene Mirus
2013. Bleached taboo-term predicates in American Sign Language. Lingua 123 ► pp. 148 ff.
Napoli, Donna Jo, Jami Fisher & Gene Mirus
2023. Taboo in Sign Languages,
Oomen, Marloes & Vadim Kimmelman
2019. Body-anchored verbs and argument omission in two sign languages. Glossa: a journal of general linguistics 4:1
Pfau, Roland & Markus Steinbach
2006. Pluralization in sign and in speech: A cross-modal typological study. Linguistic Typology 10:2
Puupponen, Anna
2019. Towards understanding nonmanuality: A semiotic treatment of signers’ head movements. Glossa: a journal of general linguistics 4:1
Quer, Josep
2012. Quantificational Strategies across Language Modalities. In Logic, Language and Meaning [Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 7218], ► pp. 82 ff.
Sandler, Wendy
2009. Symbiotic symbolization by hand and mouth in sign language. Semiotica 2009:174
Sandler, Wendy
2010. Prosody and syntax in sign languages. Transactions of the Philological Society 108:3 ► pp. 298 ff.
Sandler, Wendy
2017. The Challenge of Sign Language Phonology. Annual Review of Linguistics 3:1 ► pp. 43 ff.
Sandler, Wendy
2022. Redefining Multimodality. Frontiers in Communication 6
Steinbach, Markus
2006. . Lingua 116:4 ► pp. 506 ff.
Wilbur, Ronnie
2017. Internally-headed relative clauses in sign languages. Glossa: a journal of general linguistics 2:1
Wilbur, Ronnie B.
2009. Effects of Varying Rate of Signing on ASL Manual Signs and Nonmanual Markers. Language and Speech 52:2-3 ► pp. 245 ff.
Wilbur, Ronnie B.
2017. Production of Signed Utterances. In The Handbook of Psycholinguistics, ► pp. 111 ff.
Wilbur, Ronnie B. & Cynthia G. Patschke
1998. Body leans and the marking of contrast in American sign language. Journal of Pragmatics 30:3 ► pp. 275 ff.
Özkul, Asli
2019. Deontic and epistemic necessity in Turkish sign language (TİD). Poznan Studies in Contemporary Linguistics 55:3 ► pp. 543 ff.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 11 november 2023. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.