Multiple decades of psycholinguistic research exploring people’s
reading of different types of language has delivered much improved understanding
of textual comprehension experience. Psycholinguistic studies have typically
focused on a few cognitive and linguistic processes presumed to be central in
reading comprehension of language, but this emphasis has omitted other processes
and products readers commonly experience in their imaginative, aesthetic
encounters with literature. Our paper describes some of the limitations of
psycholinguistics for explaining people’s literary experiences. Nonetheless, we
argue that recent research on embodied simulation processes may help close the
gap between psycholinguistics, with its emphasis on generic processes of
non-literary language use, and studies associated with the scientific study of
literature with their focus on phenomenological, lived reactions to literary
texts.
(2010) The anthologist. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster.
Bal, P., & Veltkamp, M.
(2013) How does fiction reading influence empathy? An experimental
investigation on the role of emotional transportation. PLoS ONE, 81, e55341.
Bergen, B.
(2012) Louder than words: The new science of how the mind makes
meaning. New York, NY: Basic Books.
Bourdieu, P.
(1979) Les trois etats du capital culturel. Acres Rech. Sci. Soc., 301, 3–6.
Bourdieu, P.
(1980) Le capital social: Notes provisoires. Acres Rech. Sci. Soc., 311, 2–3.
Bourdieu, P.
(1985) The forms of capital. In J. G. Richardson (Ed.), Handbook of theory and research for the cociology of education (pp. 241–258). New York, NY: Greenwood.
Bortolussi, M., & Dixon, P.
(2003) Psychonarratology: Foundations for the empirical study of literary
response. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
Bowdle, B., & Gentner, D.
(2005) The career of metaphor. Psychological Review, 1121, 193–216.
Burke, M., Kuzmičová, A., Mangen, A., & Schilhab, T.
(1996) Using language. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Citron, F., & Goldberg, A.
(2014) Social context modulates the effect of hot temperature on
perceived interpersonal warmth: a study of embodied
metaphors. Language and Cognition, 61, 1–11.
Colston, H.
(2015) Using figurative language. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Desai, R., Binder, J., Conant, L., Mano, Q., & Seidenberg, M.
(2011) The neural career of sensory-motor metaphors. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 231, 2376–2386.
Djikic, M., & Oatley, K.
(2014) The art in fiction: From indirect communication to changes of the
self. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity and the Arts, 81, 498–505.
Dillard, A.
(1982) Living by fiction. New York, NY: Harper & Row.
Finke, R.
(1989) Principles of Mental Imagery. Cambridge: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press.
Fong, K., Mullin, J., & Mar, R.
(2015) How exposure to literary genres shapes attitudes toward gender
roles and sexual behavior. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 91, 274–285.
Frost, R.
(1979) The poetry of Robert Frost: The collected poems, complete and
unabridged. New York, NY: Holt.
Gallagher, S.
(2017) Enactivist interventions: Rethinking the mind. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Gallese, V., & Lakoff, G.
(2005) The brain’s concepts” The role of sensory-motor system in
conceptual knowledge. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 221, 455–479.
Geary, J.
(2012) I is an other: The secret life of metaphor and how it shapes the way we
see the world. New York, NY: Harpers.
Gerrig, R., & Mumper, M.
(2017) How readers’ lives affect narrative experiences. In M. Burke & E. Troscianko (Eds.), Cognitive literary science: Dialogues between literature and
cognition (pp. 239–257). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Gibbs, R.
(1994) The poetics of mind: Figurative thought, language, and
understanding. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Gibbs, R.
(1999) Intentions in the experience of meaning. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Gibbs, R.
(2006) Embodiment and cognitive science. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Gibbs, R.
(2016) Embodied dynamics in literary experience. In M. Burke & E. Troscianko (Eds.), Dialogues between literature and cognition. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Gibbs, R.
(2017) Metaphor wars: Conceptual metaphor in human life. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Gibbs, R.
(2017) The embodied and discourse views of metaphor: Why these are not
so different and how can they be brought closer together. In B. Hampe (Ed.), Metaphor: Embodied cognition and discourse. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
(2005) Metaphoric processing of allegorical poetry. In Z. Maalej (Ed.), Metaphor and culture. Manouba, Tunisia: University of Manouba Press.
Gibbs, R., & Colston, H.
(2012) Interpreting figurative meaning. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Gibbs, R., & Gerrig, R.
(1989) How context makes metaphor comprehension seem
special. Metaphor and Symbolic Activity, 41, 145–158.
Gibbs, R., Gould, J., & Andric, M.
(2005–2006) Imagining metaphorical actions: Embodied simulations make the
impossible plausible. Imagination, Cognition, and Personality, 251, 221–238.
Gibbs, R., Kushner, J., & Mills, R.
(1991) Authorial intentions and metaphor comprehension. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 201, 11–30.
Gibbs, R., Okonski, L., & Tendahl, M.
(2011) Inferring pragmatic messages from metaphor. Lodz Papers in Pragmatics, 71, 3–28.
Gibbs, R., & Rasse, C.
in preparation). Is reading literature a metaphoric activity?
Glenberg, A., & Kaschak, M.
(2002) Grounding language in action. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 91, 558–565.
Glenberg, A., Sato, M., Cattaneo, L., Riggio, L., Palumbo, D., & Buccino, G.
(2008) Processing abstract language modulates motor system
activity. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 611, 905–919.
Gorsuch, G., & Taguchi, E.
(2010) Developing reading fluency and comprehension using repeated
reading: Evidence from longitudinal student reports. Language Teaching Research, 141, 27–59.
Graesser, A., Singer, M., & Trabasso, T.
(1994) Constructing inferences during narrative text
comprehension. Psychological Review, 1031, 371–395.
Heaney, S.
(2014) Selected poems 1988–2013. New York, NY: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
Horton, W. S.
(2007) Metaphor and reader’s attribution of intimacy. Memory and Cognition, 351, 87–94.
Iser, W.
(1972) The reading process: A phenomenological approach. New Literary History, 31, 279–299.
Jacobs, A.
(2017) Affective and aesthetic processes in literary reading: A
neurocognitive poetics perspective. In M. Burke & E. Troscianko (Eds.), Cognitive literary science: Dialogues between literature and
cognition (pp. 309–325). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Johnson, D.
(2012) Transportation into a story increases empathy, prosocial
behavior, and perceptual bias toward fearful expressions. Personality and Individual Differences, 521, 150–155.
Kidd, D., & Castano, E.
(2013) Reading literary fiction improves theory of mind. Science, 3421, 377–380.
Kidd, D., & Castano, E.
(2019) Reading literary fiction and theory of mind: Three preregistered replications and extensions of Kidd and Castano (2013). Social Psychological and Personality Science, DOI HYPERLINK “ [URL]”
Koopman, E., & Hakemulder, F.
(2015) Effects of literature on empathy and self-reflection: A
theoretical-empirical framework. Journal of Literary Theory, 91, 79–111.
Kotovych, M., Dixon, P., Bortolussi, M., & Holden, M.
in press). Identifying aspects of absorption that facilitate aesthetic
response. In F. Hakemulder, M. Kuijpers, E. Tan, M. Doicaru, K. Balin Eds. The handbook of narrative absorption New York, NY Oxford University Press
Kuzmičová, A.
(2014) Literary narrative and mental imagery: A view from embodied
cognition. Style, 481, 275–293.
Leggitt, J., & Gibbs, R.
(2000) Emotional reactions to verbal irony. Discourse Processes, 291, 1–24.
Lodge, D.
(Ed.) (1988) Modern criticism and theory: A reader. London, United Kingdom: Longman.
Louwerse, M., Kuiken, D.
(2004) The effects of personal involvement in narrative discourse:
Introduction. Discourse Processes, 381, 169–172.
Mahlberg, M., Conklin, K., Bisson, M.-J.
(2014) Reading Dicken’s characters: Textual patterns and their cognitive
reality. Language and Literature, 231, 369–388.
Mahon, B., & Caramazza, A.
(2008) A critical look at the embodied cognition hypothesis & a new
proposal for grounding conceptual content. Journal of Physiology – Paris, 1021, 59–70.
Mak, M., & Willems, R.
(2019) Mental simulation during literary reading: Individual differences
revealed with eye-tracking. Language, Cognition, and Neuroscience, 341, 511–535.
Mar, R., Oatley, K., Djikic, M., & Mullin, J.
(2011) Emotion and narrative fiction: Interactive influences before,
during, and after reading. Cognition & Emotion, 251, 818–833.
Mar, R., Oatley, K., & Peterson, J.
(2009) Exploring the link between reading fiction and empathy: Ruling out individual differences and examining outcomes. Communications, 341, 407–428.
Mazzocco, P., Green, M., Sasota, J. & Jones, N.
(2010) This story is not for everyone: Transportability and narrative
persuasion. Social Psychology and Personality Science, 11, 361–368.
McEwan, I.
(2008) On Chesil beach. London, United Kingdom: Vintage.
McEwan, I.
(2016) Nutshell. London, United Kingdom: Vintage.
Nabokov, V.
(1990) The defense. New York, NY: Vintage.
Oatley, K.
(2011) Such Stuff as Dreams: The psychology of fiction. New York, NY: Wiley-Blackwell.
Okonski, L., & Gibbs, R.
(2019) Diving into the wreck: Can people resist allegorical
meaning?Journal of Pragmatics, 1411, 28–43.
Panero, M., Weisberg, D., Black, J., Goldstein, T., Barnes, J., Brownell, H., & Winner, E.
(2016) Does reading a single passage of literary fiction really improve
theory of mind? An attempt at replication. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
Pfaff, K., & Gibbs, R.
(1997) Authorial intentions in understanding satirical
texts. Poetics, 251, 45–70.
Popova, Y.
(2015) Stories, meaning, and experience: Narrativity and enaction. New York, NY: Routledge.
Ritchie, D.
(2008) X is a journey: Embodied simulation in metaphor
interpretation. Metaphor and Symbol, 231, 174–199.
Ritchie, D.
(2017) Contextual activation of story simulation in metaphor
comprehension. In B. Hampe, Ed., Metaphor: Embodied cognition and discourse. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Roberts, R., & Kreuz, R.
(1994) Why do people use figurative language?Psychological Science, 51, 159–163.
Sikora, S., Kuiken, D., & Miall, D.
(2011) Expressive reading: A phenomenological study of readers’
experience of Coleridge’s Rime of the Ancient Mariner. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and Art, 51, 258–268.
Siyanova-Chanturia, A., Conklin, K., & van Heuven, W.
(2011) Seeing a phrase ‘time and again’ matters: The role of phrasal
frequency in the processing of multiword sequences. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and
Cognition, 371, 776–784.
Troscianko, E.
(2013) Reading imaginatively: The imagination in cognitive science and
cognitive literary studies. Journal of Literary Semantics, 421, 181–198.
van Kuijk, I., Verkoeijen, P., Dijkstra, K., & Zwaan, R. A.
(2018) The effect of reading a short passage of literary fiction on
theory of mind: A replication of Kidd and Castano (2013). Collabra: Psychology, 4(1), 7.
Wilson, N., & Gibbs, R.
(2007) Real and imagined body movement primes metaphor
comprehension. Cognitive Science, 311, 721–731.
Wojciechowski, H. & Gallese, V.
(2011) How stories make us feel: Toward an embodied narratology. California Italian Studies 21.
Zwaan, R., Stanfield, R., & Yaxley, R.
(2002) Language comprehenders mentally represent the shapes of
objects. Psychological Science, 131, 168–171.
Zwaan, R. & Taylor, L.
(2006) Seeing, acting, understanding: motor resonance in language
comprehension. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 1351, 1–11.
Cited by
Cited by 7 other publications
Eekhof, Lynn S., Kobie van Krieken & Roel M. Willems
2022. Reading about minds: The social-cognitive potential of narratives. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 29:5 ► pp. 1703 ff.
Gibbs, Raymond W.
2023. What’s figurative about figurative language?. Lingua 287 ► pp. 103520 ff.
Gibbs, Raymond W. & Carina Rasse
2022. Embodiment in the diversity of literary experience: a reply to Wolfgang Teubert (2021). Journal of Literary Semantics 51:1 ► pp. 55 ff.
Gibbs, Raymond W., Patrawat Samermit & Christopher R. Karzmark
2023. The Varieties of Ironic Experience. In The Cambridge Handbook of Irony and Thought, ► pp. 60 ff.
Klochek, Hryhorii & Mariia Foka
2022. The Interaction of Receptive Poetics and Psycholinguistics: On the Way to the Synergetic Effect. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 30:3 ► pp. 1095 ff.
Rasse, Carina & Raymond W. Gibbs
2021. Metaphorical thinking in our literary experiences of J.D. Salinger’s “The Catcher in the Rye”. Journal of Literary Semantics 50:1 ► pp. 3 ff.
[no author supplied]
2023. The Scope of Irony. In The Cambridge Handbook of Irony and Thought, ► pp. 15 ff.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 14 april 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.