List of figures
Figure 1.1
Map of the Caribbean basin with English-speaking countries highlighted in grey
4
Figure 4.1
Use of
Sir, Miss, and
Ma’am in Questions A7a, A7e, and A7f
98
Figure 4.2
Use of
Sir in Question A1 across quinquennial age groups
100
Figure 4.3
Use of
Ma’am in Question A7f according to the respondents’ social class
102
Figure 4.4
Jamaican and Trinidadian informants’ answers given to Question A2
103
Figure 4.5
Trinidadian informants’ use of
Miss and
Ma’am in Question A2 according to their ethnic background
104
Figure 4.6
Trinidadian informants’ use of
Ma’am towards three age groups according to their ethnic background
105
Figure 4.7
Use of hierarchic titles in Question A13
110
Figure 4.8
Use of
Boss, Bossman, and
Chief in Question A13 according to the respondents’ sex
111
Figure 4.9
Use of
Boss, Bossman, and
Chief towards addressees of a higher, of the same, and of a lower social status in Question A13
112
Figure 4.10
Jamaican informants’ use of
Boss towards addressees of a higher, of the same, and of a lower social status in Question A13a
113
Figure 4.11
Jamaican informants’ use of
Bossman towards addressees of a higher, of the same, and of a lower social status in Question A13b
113
Figure 4.12
Jamaican informants’ use of
Chief towards addressees of a higher, of the same, and of a lower social status in Question A13d
114
Figure 4.13
Trinidadian informants’ use of
Bossman towards addressees of a higher, of the same, and of a lower social status in Question A13b
115
Figure 4.14
Use of hierarchic titles in three different types of relationship between speaker and addressee
116
Figure 4.15
Use of
Tantie, Auntie, and
Granny in Questions A8a, A8b, and A8c
121
Figure 4.16
Jamaican informants’ use of
Tantie in Question A8a according to their social class
122
Figure 4.17
Use of
Tantie, Auntie, and
Granny towards friends, good acquaintances, slight acquaintances, and strangers in Question A8
124
Figure 4.18
Use of
Mister + LN,
Miss + LN, and
Missis + LN towards three age groups in Questions A7d, A7g, and A7h
129
Figure 4.19
Jamaican and Trinidadian informants’ answers given to Question A3
131
Figure 4.20
Jamaican and Trinidadian informants’ answers given to Question A4
132
Figure 4.21
Jamaican and Trinidadian informants’ answers given to Question A5
135
Figure 4.22
Jamaican informants’ use of TLN and FN in Question A5 according to their age
136
Figure 4.23
Trinidadian informants’ use of TLN and FN in Question A5 according to their social class
137
Figure 4.24
Jamaican informants’ use of LN in Question A9 according to their age
145
Figure 4.25
Functions of LN according to Question A9
146
Figure 4.26
Jamaican and Trinidadian informants’ answers given to Question A6
149
Figure 4.27
Jamaican informants’ use of FN and TLN in Question A6 according to their age
150
Figure 4.28
Trinidadian informants’ use of FN and TLN in Question A6 according to their social class
151
Figure 4.29
Terms used by the Jamaican and Trinidadian informants towards their daughter
152
Figure 4.30
Terms used by the Jamaican and Trinidadian informants towards their son
152
Figure 4.31
Terms used by the Jamaican and Trinidadian informants towards their sister
152
Figure 4.32
Terms used by the Jamaican and Trinidadian informants towards their brother
153
Figure 4.33
Jamaican informants’ use of FN and
Brother/
Sister towards siblings according to their social class
154
Figure 4.34
Trinidadian informants’ use of FN and
Brother/
Sister towards siblings according to their social class
154
Figure 4.35
Use of
Man and
Boy in Questions A7b and A7c
155
Figure 4.36
Jamaican informants’ use of
Man and
Boy in Questions A7b and A7c according to their social class
156
Figure 4.37
Jamaican informants’ use of
Man and
Boy in Questions A7b and A7c according to their age
157
Figure 4.38
Trinidadian informants’ use of
Man and
Boy in Questions A7b and A7c according to their age
158
Figure 4.39
Use of
Brother and
Sister towards friends, good acquaintances, slight acquaintances, and strangers in Questions A8g and A8h
160
Figure 4.40
Jamaican informants’ use of
Brother and
Sister towards friends and good acquaintances according to their age
160
Figure 4.41
Use of
Family towards friends, good acquaintances, slight acquaintances, and strangers in Question A8d
163
Figure 4.42
Trinidadian informants’ use of
Family towards friends, good acquaintances, slight acquaintances, and strangers according to their ethnicity
163
Figure 4.43
Jamaican and Trinidadian informants’ use of nicknames in Question A10 according to their age
166
Figure 4.44
Jamaican and Trinidadian informants’ use of terms of abuse in Question A11 according to their age
167
Figure 4.45
Use of terms of abuse in Question A11a across same-sex and mixed-sex dyads
168
Figure 4.46
Jamaican informants’ use of
Darling, Dear, Baby, Sweetheart, and
Love in Question A12 across same-sex and mixed-sex dyads
169
Figure 4.47
Trinidadian informants’ use of
Darling, Dear, Baby, Sweetheart, and
Love in Question A12 across same-sex and mixed-sex dyads
169
Figure 4.48
Jamaican informants’ use of terms of endearment towards different types of addressee in Question A12b
170
Figure 4.49
Trinidadian informants’ use of terms of endearment towards different types of addressee in Question A12b
170
Figure 4.50
Jamaican and Trinidadian informants’ use of kinship terms for their mother in Question A14a
172
Figure 4.51
Jamaican and Trinidadian informants’ use of kinship terms for their father in Question A14c
172
Figure 4.52
Jamaican informants’ use of
Mum(my) and
Mama in Question A14a according to their age
173
Figure 4.53
Jamaican and Trinidadian informants’ use of kinship terms for their (maternal) grandmother in Question A14i
174
Figure 4.54
Jamaican and Trinidadian informants’ use of kinship terms for their (maternal) grandfather in Question A14j
174
Figure 4.55
Jamaican informants’ use of
Mama and
Papa in Questions A14a, A14i, and A14j according to their age
176
Figure 4.56
Trinidadian informants’ use of
Granny, Grandma, and
Nani in Question A14i according to their ethnicity
177
Figure 4.57
Trinidadian informants’ use of
Grandpa, Papa, Pa, and
Nana in Question A14j according to their ethnicity
177
Figure 4.58
Jamaican and Trinidadian informants’ use of
unu and
allyuh towards different types of addressee
180