Cover not available
Part of
The Acquisition of Turkish in Childhood
Edited by Belma Haznedar and F. Nihan Ketrez
[Trends in Language Acquisition Research 20] 2016
► pp. 295–324

Language impairment in Turkish-speaking children

The nature of morphological errors

| İstanbul Medipol University
| Anadolu University
| Anadolu University
| Anadolu University, Turkey

Little research to date has focused on the morphological characteristics in children with specific language impairment in Turkish. The aim of this chapter is first to provide brief information about the extent of research conducted in this area in Turkey and then to present in detail several morphological difficulties observed in clinical case files of Turkish-speaking children with specific language impairment (SLI) in order to contribute to the discussion concerning the assessment of these children. Our analyses suggest that, given their age, children with SLI used fewer morphemes, short utterances and made more specific morphological errors than typically developing peers. In general terms, the clinical picture of children showed slow and highly delayed language developments that persisted with grammatical errors.

Keywords: child language, acquisition, specific language impairment, assessment, Turkish, morphological errors
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Assessment of language impairments in Turkey
  • 3.Studies in language impairment in Turkish
  • 4.Study 1: Method
    • 4.1Participants and procedure
    • 4.2Results
  • 5.Study 2: Method
    • 5.1Participants and procedure
    • 5.2Results
  • 6.Nature of errors
    • 6.1Verbal morphology
    • 6.2Nominal morphology
  • 7.General implications
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
Published online: 18 November 2016
DOI logo
https://doi.org/10.1075/tilar.20.13top
References
Abdulla, F. & Crago, M.
2008 Verb morphology deficits in Arabic-speaking children with specific language impairment. Applied Psycholinguistics 29: 315–340.Google Scholar
Acarlar, F. & Johnston J.R.
2011 Acquisition of Turkish grammatical morphology by children with developmental disorders. International Journal of Communication Disorders 46: 728–738. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Acarlar, F. & Johnston, J. F.
2010 Turkish-SALT: Computer-assisted language sample analysis. In Communication Disorders in Turkish. S. Topbaş & M. Yavaş (eds), 119–136. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.Google Scholar
Acarlar, F. & Johnston, J. R.
2006 Computer-based analysis of Turkish child language: Clinical and research applications. Journal of Multilingual Communication Disorders 4: 78–94. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Acarlar, F., Aksu-Koç, A., Küntay, A., Maviş, I. Sofu, H., Topbaş, S. & Turan, F.
2012 Türkçe’de erken sözcük ve dilbilgisi gelişimini ölçme ve değerlendirme projesi: Türkçe Dil Gelişimi Envanteri-TİGE (TIGE Project: Adapting MB-CDI to Turkish). In 25. Ulusal Dilbilim Kurultayı Bildiri Kitabı, H. Çubukçu, F. Türkay, D. Sucak, E. Altunkol, Ö. Akyol & E. Uçar (eds). Adana: Çukurova Üniversitesi Yayınları.Google Scholar
Acarlar, F., Miller, J. F. & Johnston, J.R.
2006 Systematic Analysis of Language Transcripts (SALT), Turkish (Version 9) (Computer Software). Language Analysis Lab, University of Wisconsin-Madison. Ankara: Turkish Psychology Association.Google Scholar
Aksu-Koç, A. (Coordinator) Acarlar, F., Küntay, A., Maviş, İ., Sofu, H., Topbaş, S. & Turan, F. G. (Co-researchers).
2013 Türkçe İletişim Gelişim Envanteri: TİGE I and TİGE II (Adapting MB-CDI to Turkish). TUBİTAK Project Report No. 107K058. Ankara.Google Scholar
Aksu-Koç, A. & Ketrez, F.N.
2003 Early verbal morphology in Turkish: Emergence of inflections. In Development of Verb Inflection in First Language Acquisition. A Crosslinguistic Perspective, D. Bittner, W. Dressler & M. Kilani-Schoch (eds), 27–52. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Aksu-Koç, A.
2010 The course of normal language development in Turkish. In Communication Disorders in Turkish, S. Topbaş & M. Yavaş (eds), 65-105. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.Google Scholar
Baydar. N., Küntay, A.C., Yağmurlu, B., Aydemir, N., Çankaya, D., Gökşen, F. & Cemalcılar, A.
2014 “It takes a village” to support the vocabulary development of children with multiple risk factors. Developmental Psychology 50(4): 1014–1025. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Bedore, L. & Leonard, L.
2001 Grammatical morphology deficits in Spanish-speaking children with specific language impairment. Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research 44: 905–924. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Bedore, L.M. & Leonard, L.B.
2000 The effects of inflectional variation on fast mapping of verbs in English and Spanish. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 43(1): 21–33. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Bishop, D.
2014 Uncommon Understanding: Development and Disorders of Language Comprehension in Children. Hove: Psychology Press.Google Scholar
Bishop, D.V. & McArthur, G.M.
2004 Immature cortical responses to auditory stimuli in specific language impairment: Evidence from ERPs to rapid tone sequences. Developmental Science 7(4): F11-F18. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Bortolini, U., Caselli M. & Leonard, L.
1997 Grammatical deficits in Italian-speaking children with specific language impairment. Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research 40: 809–820. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Chiat, S.
2001 Mapping theories of developmental language impairment: Premises, predictions and evidence. Language and Cognitive Processes 16 (2–3): 113–142. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Chilla, S. & Babür, E.
2010 Specific language impairment in Turkish-German bilingual children: Aspects of assessment and outcome. In Communication Disorders in Turkish, S. Topbaş & M. Yavaş (eds), 137–159. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.Google Scholar
Clahsen, H., Rothweiler, M., Sterner, F. & Chilla, S.
2014 Linguistic markers of specific language impairment in bilingual children: The case of verb morphology. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics 9: 1–13.Google Scholar
Conti-Ramsden, G.
2003 Processing and linguistic markers in young children with specific language impairment. Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research 46: 1029–1037. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Conti-Ramsden, G. & Hesketh, A.
2003 Risk markers for SLI: A study of young language-learning children. International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders 38: 251–263. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Conti-Ramsden, G., Botting, N. & Faragher, B.
2001 Psycholinguistic markers for specific language impairment. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 42: 741–748. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
COST Action IS0804
Language Impairment in a Multilingual Society: Linguistic Patterns and the Road to Assessment. [URL]
De Jong, J., Cavus, N. & Baker, A.
2010 Language impairment in Turkish-Dutch bilingual children. In Communication Disorders in Turkish, S. Topbaş & M. Yavaş (eds), 137–159. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.Google Scholar
Dromi, E., Leonard, L., Adam, G. & Zadunaisky-Ehrlich, S.
1999 Verb agreement morphology in Hebrew-speaking children with specific language impairment. Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research 42: 1414–1431. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Eadie, P.A., Fey, M.E., Douglas, J.M. & Parsons, C.L.
2002 Profiles of grammatical morphology and sentence imitation in children with specific language impairment and Down syndrome. Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research 45: 720–732. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Ege, P., Acarlar, F. & Güleryüz, F.
1998 The relationship between age and mean length of utterance in acquisition of Turkish. Turkish Journal of Psychology 13(41): 19–31.Google Scholar
Ekmekçi, Ö.F.
1987 Creavity in the language acquisition process: A Turkish case study. In Studies on Modern Turkish, H. Boeschoten & L. Verhoeven (eds), 203–210. Tilburg: Tilburg University.Google Scholar
Goffman, L. & Leonard, J.
2000 Growth of language skills in preschool children with specific language impairment: Implications for assessment and intervention. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 9: 151–161. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Göksel, A. & Kerslake, C.
2004 Turkish: A Comprehensive Grammar. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Güven, A.G. & Berument, S.K.
2010 TİFALDİ-Türkçe İfade Edici ve Alıcı Dil Testi: Sözcük Dağarcığı (Turkish Expressive and Receptive Vocabulary Test). Ankara: Türk Psikologlar Derneği Yayınları.Google Scholar
Hansson, K., Nettelbladt, U. & Leonard, L.
2000 Specific language impairment in Swedish: The status of verb morphology and word order. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 43: 848–864. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Hayiou-Thomas, M.E., Dale, P.S. & Plomin, R.
2014 Language impairment from 4 to 12 years: Prediction and aetiology. Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research 45: 1–15.Google Scholar
Katzner, K.
2002 The Languages of the World, 3rd edn. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Ketrez, F.N. & Aksu-Koç, A.
2009 Early nominal morphology: Emergence of case and number. In The Development of Number and Case in the First Language Acquisition: A Crosslinguistic Perspective, M. Voeikova & U. Stephany (eds), 15–48. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Ketrez, N.F.
2004 A case study on the accusative case in Turkish. Paper presented at WECOL’04. University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA.Google Scholar
Ketrez, N.F. & Aksu-Koç, A.
2003 Acquisition of noun & verb categories in Turkish. In Studies in Turkish Linguistics, S. Özsoy, D. Akar, M. Nakipoglu, E. Erguvanlı-Taylan & A. Aksu-Koç (eds), 239–246. Istanbul: Boğazici University.Google Scholar
Küntay, A.C., Nakamura, K. & Ateş Şen, B.
2014 Crosslinguistic and crosscultural approaches to pragmatic development. In Pragmatic Development [Trends in Language Acquisition Research 10], D. Matthews (ed.), 317–342. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Law, J., Garrett, Z. & Nye, C.
2003 Speech and language therapy interventions for children with primary speech and language delay or disorder. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 3: 1–79.Google Scholar
Law, J., Tomblin, J.B. & Zhang, X.
2008 Characterizing the growth trajectories of language-impaired children between 7 and 11 years of age. Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research 51(3): 739–749. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Leonard, L.B.
2000 Specific language impairment across languages. In Speech and Language Impairments in Children: Causes, Characteristics, Intervention and Outcome, D.V.M. Bishop & L.B. Leonard (eds), 99–113. Hove: Psychology Press.Google Scholar
1989 Language learnability and specific language impairment. Applied Psycholinguistics 10: 179–202. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Leonard, L.B., Eyer, J., Bedore, L. & Grela, B.
1997 Three accounts of the grammatical morpheme difficulties of English-speaking children with specific language impairment. Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research 40: 741–753. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Lukács, Á., Leonard, L. B., Kas, B. & Pléh, C.
2009 The use of tense and agreement by Hungarian-speaking children with language impairment. Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research 52(1): 1–20. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Mäkinen, L., Loukusa, S., Nieminen, L., Leinonen, E. & Kunnari, S.
2014 The development of narrative productivity, syntactic complexity, referential cohesion and event content in four-to eight-year-old Finnish children. First Language 34(1): 24–42. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Marinis, T.
2011 On the nature and cause of specific language impairment: A view from sentence processing and infant research. Lingua 121: 463–475. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Maviş, İ., Şanlı, N. & Şen, A.
2008 Oral narrative assessment of cohesion among Turkish children with ADHD, language learning disability & comparison of children with normal development. Paper presented at II. International Special Education Congress, Edirne, Turkey.Google Scholar
Maviş, İ., Tunçer, M. & Gagarina, N.
2016 Macrostructure components in narrations of Turkish-German Bilingual children. Applied Psycholinguistics 37: 69–89. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Maviş, I., Tunçer, M., Akyıldız, D., Kök, B. & Gündoğdu, E.
2011 Which determines SLI best in Turkish: Frog story or Bus story. Paper presented at COST IS0804, 4th BI-SLI Symposium, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey. [URL]
Özcan, F.H. & Topbaş, S.
1994 Dil ediniminde adıl kullanımı: Normal ve özel gereksinimli öğrenciler arasında bir karşılaştırma (Pronoun use in Language Acquisition: A comparison between normal and special needs children). VIII. Dilbilim Kurultayı Bildiri Kitabı. İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi Yayınları.Google Scholar
2000 The structural and semantic analysis of verbs in the acquisition of Turkish. Current Research in Language & Communication Science 1(1): 57–68.Google Scholar
Özge, D., Marinis, T. & Zeyrek, D.
2012 Production of relative clauses in monolingual Turkish children. In BUCLD 34: Proceedings Supplement to the 34th Boston University Conference on Language Development, J. Chandlee, K. Franich, K. Iserman & L. Keil (eds). Boston MA: Cascadilla Press.Google Scholar
Paradis, J. & Crago, M.
2001 The morphosyntax of specific language impairment in French: Evidence for an Extended Optional Default account. Language Acquisition 9(4): 269–300. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Rescorla, L.
2005 Age 13 language and reading outcomes in late-talking children. Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research 48: 459–472. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Rice, M. & Wexler, K.
1996 Toward tense as a clinical marker of specific language impairment in English speaking children. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 39: 1239–1257. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Roberts, S. & Leonard, L.
1997 Grammatical deficits in German and English: A crosslinguistic study of children with specific language impairment. First Language 17: 131–150. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Rutter, M., Norbury, C.F., Tomblin, J.B. & Bishop, D.
2008 Diagnostic concepts and risk processes. In Understanding Developmental Language Disorders: From Theory to Practice, C. Frazier Norbury, J. B. Tomblin & D.V.M. Bishop (eds), 205–215. Hove: Psychology Press.Google Scholar
Şan, A.
2010 3–6 yaş arası özgül dil bozukluğu olan çocuklarla normal gelişim gösteren çocukların dil özelliklerinin analizi ve karşılaştırılması (An analysis and comparison of language characteristics in 3–6 year old children with normal and specific language impairment). MSc thesis, Anadolu Üniversitesi.Google Scholar
Sofu, H.
1998 Farklı sosyo-ekonomik katmanlardan çocukların dil ediniminde kişi ve zaman eklerinin kullanımı (Acquisition of tense and person inflections in children from different socioeconomic levels]. XII. Dilbilim Kurultayı Bildirileri. Ankara: Ankara Universitesi Yayınları.Google Scholar
Thordardottir, E.
2008 Language-specific effects of task demands on the manifestation of specific language impairment: A comparison of English and Icelandic. Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research 51: 922–937. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Thordardottir, E., Kehayia, E., Mazer, B., Lessard, N., Majnemer, A., Sutton, A., Trudeau, N. & Chilingaryan, G.
2011 Sensitivity and specificity of French language and processing measures for the identification of primary language impairment at age 5. Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research 54(2): 580–597. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Tomblin, J.B.
2008 Validating diagnostic standards for specific language impairment using adolescent outcomes. In Understanding Developmental Language Disorders, C. Frazier Norbury, J.B. Tomblin & D.V.M. Bishop (eds), 93–114. New York NY: Psychology Press.Google Scholar
Tomblin, J.B., Records, N.L., Buckwalter, P., Zhang, X., Smith, E. & O’Brien, M.
1997 The prevalence of specific language impairment in kindergarten children. Journal of Speech Language Hearing Research 40: 1245–1260. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Topbaş, S. & Güven, S.
2013 Türkçe Erken Dil Gelişimi Testi (TEDİL) (Test of Early Language Development: TELD-3 Turkish Version). Ankara, Türkiye: Detay Yayıncılık.Google Scholar
Topbaş, S. & Maviş, I.
2016 Comparing measures of spontaneous speech of Turkish-speaking children with and without language impairment. In Multilingual Perspectives on Child Language Disorders, J.L. Patterson & B.L. Rodrigueaz (eds), 209–227. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.Google Scholar
Topbaş, S. & Özcan, F.H.
1997 Pronominals and their pragmatic functions in the acquisition of Turkish. In VIII. Uluslararası Türk Dilbilimi Konferansı Bildiri Kitabı, K. Imer & N.E. Uzun (eds), 7–9. Ankara: Ankara University Publications.Google Scholar
Topbaş, S. & Yavaş, M.
2006 Phonological acquisition and disorders in Turkish. In Phonological Development and Disorders in Children: A Multilingual Perspective, H. Zhu & B. Dodd (eds), 233–261. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.Google Scholar
Topbaş, S.
2006a A Turkish perspective on communicative disorders. Logopedics, Phoniatrics and Vocology 31(2): 76–89. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2006b Linguistic deficits in Turkish speaking children. Paper presented at ASHA 2006 Convention, 15–19 Nov, Miami, US.Google Scholar
2010a A closer look at the developing profession of speech and language pathology (SLP) in Turkey. In Communication Disorders in Turkish, S. Topbaş & M. Yavaş (eds), 3–26. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.Google Scholar
2010b Specific language impairment in Turkish: Adapting the TELD-3 as a first step in measuring language impairments. In Communication Disorders in Turkish, S. Topbaş & M. Yavaş (eds), 137–159. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.Google Scholar
2012 Implications of bilingual development for specific language impairments in Turkey. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics 25(11–12): 989–997.Google Scholar
2013 (coordinator) TÖDİL Project-Özgül Dil Bozukluğu Türkiye Projesi: Anadili Türkçe olan Tekdilli ve İkidilli Okulöncesi ve İlköğretim Çağı (2:0–9:0 yaş) Çocuklarında Özgül Dil Bozukluğunu Ölçme ve Değerlendirme Çalışması (TODIL Project: Assessment of Specific Language Impairment in Monolingual and Bilingual Preschool and Elementary School Children (2:0–9:0) Speaking Turkish as Their Native Language), Co-researchers: İ. Maviş, H. Yavuz, P. Ege, B. Haznedar & Z. Erk-Emeksiz, Project Report granted by National TUBITAK No. 109K001, Ankara.Google Scholar
Topbaş, S., Aydın, A., Kazanoğlu D. & Tadıhan Özkan, E.
2013 LITMUS-SIT:Turkish. Comparison with TD, TD-BI and SLI children. BI-SLI COST ACTION IS0804 Final Conference, 27–29 May 2013 Krakow, Poland. In TUBİTAK Project Report, No: 109K001 COST Action IS0804-Language Impairment in a Multilingual Society: Linguistic Patterns and the Road to Assessment. [URL]
Topbaş, S., Cangökçe-Yaşar, Ö. & Ball, M.
2012 LARSP: Turkish. In Assessing Grammar: The Languages of LARSP, M.J. Ball, D. Crystal & P. Fletcher (eds), 282–305. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.Google Scholar
Topbaş, S., Göçümen, G. & Rescorla, L.
2015 Language Development Survey: Turkish Version. Supported by Anadolu University Research Fund, Project no: 1203E042, Eskisehir, Turkey.Google Scholar
Topbaş, S., Güven, O. S., Tunçer, M., Ünal, Ö. & Yolal, Y.
In press. Türkçe Okul Çağı Dil Gelişim Testi (TODİL) (Test of Language Development-Primary 4:TOLD-P: 4 Turkish version). Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
Topbaş, S., Kütükçü-Kaçar, D. & Kopkallı-Yavız, H.
2014 Performance of children on Turkish Nonword Repetition Test: Effect of wordlikeness, word length and scoring. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics 7–8: 602–616. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Topbaş, S., Maviş, İ. & Basal M.
1997 Acquisition of bound morphemes: Nominal case morphology in Turkish. In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Turkish Linguistics, K. İmer & N.E. Uzun (eds), 127–137. Ankara: Ankara University.Google Scholar
Topbaş, S., Maviş, İ. & Erbaş, D.
2003 Intentional communicative behaviours of Turkish children with normal and delayed language development. Child: Care, Health & Development 29(5), 345–355.Google Scholar
Ünal, Ö., Tunçer, M., Ege, P. & Haman, E.
2013 Cross-Linguistic Lexical Task in Turkish-German bilingual children. Presented at BI-SLI COST ACTION IS0804 Final Conference, 27–29 Mayıs Krakow, Poland. In Project: COST Action IS0804-Language Impairment in a Multilingual Society: Linguistic Patterns and the Road to Assessment, [URL]
van der Lely, H. K.
1996a Grammatical specific language impaired children: Evidence for modularity. In The Groningen Assembly on Language Acquisition, K.C.F. Wijnen (eds), 283–292. Groningen: University of Groningen Press.Google Scholar
van der Lely, H.K.
1996b Empirical evidence for the modularity of language from grammatical-SLI children. In Proceeding of the 20th Annual Boston University Conference on Language Development, Vol. 2, A. Stringfellow, D. Cahana-Amitay, E. Hughes & A. Zukowski (eds), 792–803. Boston, MA: Cascadilla Press.Google Scholar
Xanthos, A., Laaha, S., Gillis, S., Stephany, U., Aksu-Koç, A., Christofidou, A., Gagarina, N., Hrzica, G., Ketrez, N., Kilani-Schoch, M., Korecky-Kroll, K., Kovacevic, M., Laalo, K., Palmovic, M., Pfeiler, B., Voeikova, M. & Dressler, W.U.
2012 On the role of morphological richness in the early development of noun and verb inflection. First Language 31(4): 461–469. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Yarbay-Duman, T. & Topbaş, S.
2016 Epistemic uncertainty: Turkish children with specific language impairment and their comprehension of tense and aspect. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders1–13. doi: DOI logo.Google Scholar
Yarbay-Duman, T.
2009 Turkish Agrammatic Aphasia: Word Order, Time Reference and Case [Groningen Dissertations in Linguistics]. PhD dissertation, University of Groningen.Google Scholar
Yarbay-Duman, T., Blom, E. & Topbaş, S.
2015 At the intersection of cognition and grammar: Deficits comprehending counterfactuals in Turkish children with specific language impairment. Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research 58: 410–421. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Yarbay-Duman, T., Kurada, H.Z., & Topbaş, S.
2014 Tense, aspect, modality in three populations: Typically developing children, children with specific language impairment (SLI) and individuals with Broca’s aphasia. In 15th International Science of Aphasia Conference: Stem-, Spraaken Taalpathologie 19: 150–154. Groningen: Groningen University Press.Google Scholar
Cited by

Cited by 4 other publications

Blom, Elma, Tessel Boerma, Figen Karaca, Jan de Jong & Aylin C. Küntay
2022. Grammatical development in both languages of bilingual Turkish-Dutch children with and without Developmental Language Disorder. Frontiers in Communication 7 DOI logo
Chilla, Solveig
2022. Assessment of Developmental Language Disorders in Bilinguals: Immigrant Turkish as a Bilectal Challenge in Germany. In Handbook of Literacy in Diglossia and in Dialectal Contexts [Literacy Studies, 22], ► pp. 381 ff. DOI logo
Güven, Selçuk & Laurence B. Leonard
2020. Production of noun suffixes by Turkish‐speaking children with developmental language disorder and their typically developing peers. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders 55:3 ► pp. 387 ff. DOI logo
Güven, Selçuk & Laurence B. Leonard
2023. Verb morphology in Turkish-speaking children with and without DLD: the role of morphophonology. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics 37:1 ► pp. 99 ff. DOI logo

This list is based on CrossRef data as of 21 april 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.