Chapter published in:
Understanding Deafness, Language and Cognitive Development: Essays in honour of Bencie Woll
Edited by Gary Morgan
[Trends in Language Acquisition Research 25] 2020
► pp. 159–181

Chapter 9
Neurobiological insights from the study of deafness and sign language

The study of deafness and sign language has provided a means of dissociating modality specificity from higher level abstract processes in the brain. Differentiating these is fundamental for establishing the relationship between sensorimotor representations and functional specialisation in the brain. Early deafness in humans provides a unique insight into this problem, because the reorganisation observed in the adult deaf brain is not only due to neural development in the absence of auditory inputs, but also due to the acquisition of visual communication strategies such as sign language and speechreading. Here we report research by scholars who have collaborated with Bencie Woll in understanding the neural reorganisation that occurs as a consequence of early deafness, and its relation to the use of different visual strategies for language. We concentrate on three main topics: functional specialisation of sensory cortices, language and working memory.
Article outline
  • Introduction
  • Neural plasticity
    • The role of the “auditory” cortex in deaf individuals
  • Modality dependent and independent language networks
    • Visual speech in deaf and hearing individuals
    • Neural bases of audiovisual speech processing in hearing individuals
  • Neural bases for speechreading in deaf people
  • Speech actions in sign language and in seen speech: Neural correlates
    • Sign languages as a window into modality-independent language processing
    • What are the neural consequences of impoverished access to early language?
  • Working memory for language in deaf and hearing individuals
    • Linguistic representations and working memory development
    • Modality-specific and modality-independent working memory mechanisms
  • Conclusion
  • References
Published online: 26 February 2020
https://doi.org/10.1075/tilar.25.09car
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