Thematic cluster: Understanding Chinese culture through key concepts
Consequences of the conflation of xiao and filial piety in English
This article examines the development over time of the English expression “filial piety” in order to document how, at least partly
in response to pressure from an equivalence that is established with the Chinese term xiao (孝) in the seventeenth
century, the term takes on new and increasingly negative connotations in English. As an important concept in Chinese philosophy,
xiao occurs in many important early texts, including the Confucian Analects and, although
the way the term is interpreted varies over time, remains central to many debates about Chinese culture right to this day. As the
link between filial piety and xiao strengthens through the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, “filial piety”
thus unsurprisingly becomes identified as one of a small group of key terms that were increasingly thought to explain all
differences between the British and the Chinese. This article examines how the term “filial piety” evolves from a
natural and universal impulse due to its connection with Christianity, with China initially
as a particularly good example of this universal from whom everyone can learn, through various increasingly negative shifts due to
the perceived conflict between filial piety and romantic love, as well as its increasing association with the Chinese, who by the
end of the nineteenth century were seen as held back by the extreme nature of their practices. Today, filial piety as a term is
seen as mainly or entirely local and specific to China, and by extension, something potentially holding it back from
modernity.
Article outline
- Introduction
- Earliest use of “filial” and “filial piety” in English
- Filial piety and China in English
- The long eighteenth century
- Translations of filial exemplars from Chinese
- The modern era
- Conclusion
- Notes
-
References
References (99)
References
Early examples of “filial” cited in the text of my paper (by first date of publication)
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Sample of contemporary Chinese fiction translated between 1995–2014. Works in bold contain the term “filial piety” or
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Cited by (3)
Cited by three other publications
Chen, Cheng & Renping Liu
2023.
Confucius in The Times from 1785 to 2019: a diachronic news discourse analysis of newsworthiness.
Humanities and Social Sciences Communications 10:1
![DOI logo](//benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
He, Longtao
2021.
A Historical Trajectory of Filial Piety. In
Care Work, Migrant Peasant Families and Discourse of Filial Piety in China,
► pp. 27 ff.
![DOI logo](//benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
He, Longtao
2021.
Findings: The Burden of Care for Migrant Peasant Workers and Filial Piety’s Mediating Roles. In
Care Work, Migrant Peasant Families and Discourse of Filial Piety in China,
► pp. 153 ff.
![DOI logo](//benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
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Any errors therein should be reported to them.