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Article published In:
Translation and Interpreting Studies
Vol. 18:3 (2023) ► pp.325–359

The politics of literal translation in Soviet Ukraine

The case of Gogol’s “The tale of how Ivan Ivanovich quarreled with Ivan Nikiforovich”

ORCID logo | Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv

Nikolai Gogol (Ukrainian: Mykola Hoholʹ) is a notable example of a nineteenth-century Russian author of Ukrainian origin, whose works in Ukrainian translation have always been and now remain ideologically fraught. This article discusses the dynamics of translation – from creative stylization to awkward literalism – during the period from the late 1920s to the early 1950s. Later Ukrainian editions of Gogol’s works in the Ukrainian SSR were not substantially different from those published in the mid-1950s, which indicates that by that time the Soviet model of Ukrainian literary language had been firmly established. It tended to increasingly merge with Russian, taking the Russian-language writings of Gogol as a model. The study reveals a tension between Ukrainian national idealism and the Soviet regime’s pragmatic use of language as a means of political propaganda. The discussion further challenges Russian-to-Ukrainian literalism as a strategy for manufacturing linguistic similarities and “naturalizing” Russian as the mother tongue.

Keywords: Russian-to-Ukrainian translation, literalism, Russification, censorship
Article outline
  • Introduction
  • The status of the Ukrainian language during the Stalinist period
  • Literary revival of the Ukrainian language in the mid-1920s – early 1930s
  • The “neoclassicists” as the key translators and stylistic editors during the national revival
  • The “Works” of Mykola Hohol′ (1929–1932) and other Russian authors of Ukrainian background
  • A turn to literalism in the 1930s and 1940s
  • Censoring the translational language of the works of Mykola Hohol′
  • The “Selected Works” of Mykola Hoholʹ (1948): From stylistic editor to Russifying “translator”
  • Mykola Hoholʹ of the high Stalinism era (1930s – early 1950s)
  • The theory of translation between closely related languages
  • Mykola Hoholʹ of the early twenty-first century: Emancipating the mother tongue
  • Concluding remarks
  • Notes
  • References
Published online: 21 October 2022
DOI logo
https://doi.org/10.1075/tis.21020.kol
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