This study aims to investigate cognitive processing during translation by eight professional translators. In particular, it examines the extent to which the translation process is modulated by the direction of the translation: from English (L2) to Brazilian Portuguese (L1) and vice versa. The data collection was based on the triangulation of translation process data, combining different data elicitation tools to investigate the translation process (Alves 2003a; Jakobsen 1999). The analyses of the translation data drew on linear representations of the variable recursiveness. The recursive movements were calculated and classified, and the results from various tasks were compared. The quantitative data analyses revealed a higher number of recursive movements in L1 when compared to the L2 translation when the participants translated texts on the same topic. However, recursiveness was less in L1 translation when the same participants translated texts on different topics. These quantitative data were analyzed in parallel with the qualitative data provided by the retrospective protocols, permitting meta-reflection instances to be evaluated during decision-making processes (Alves and Gonçalves 2007). Results show that recursiveness and retrospective protocols can be used as indicators to measure translation task difficulty.
2001“A Triangulação como Opção Metodológica em Pesquisas Empírico-Experimentais em Tradução.” In Metodologias de Pesquisa em Tradução, ed. by Adriana Silvina Pagano, 69–93. Belo Horizonte: Faculdade de Letras.
2003b“Tradução, Cognição e Contextualização: Triangulando a Interface Processo-Produto no Desempenho de Tradutores Novatos.”DELTA 191: 71–108.
Alves, Fabio
2005“Ritmo cognitivo, Metarreflexão e Experiência: Parâmetros de Análise Processual no Desempenho de Tradutores Novatos e Experientes.” In Competência em Tradução: Cognição e Discurso, ed. by Adriana Pagano, Célia Magalhães, and Fabio Alves, 109–153. Belo Horizonte: Editora da UFMG.
2007“Modelling Translator’s Competence: Relevance and Expertise Under Scrutiny.” In Translation Studies: Doubts and Directions. Selected Papers from the IV Congress of the European Society for Translation Studies, ed. by Yves Gambier, Miriam Shlesinger, and Radegundis Stolze, 41–55. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
2006“Cognitive Adaptation in Translation: An Interface between Language Direction, Time, and Recursiveness in Target Text Production.”Letras de Hoje 411: 241–272.
Campbell, Stuart
1998Translation into the Second Language. London: Longman.
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2012“Investigando o Processamento Cognitivo de Tradutores Profissionais em Tradução Direta e Inversa no Par Linguístico Inglês-Português.”Cadernos de Tradução 11: 73–92.
Ferreira, Aline
2013Direcionalidade em Tradução: O Papel da Subcompetência Bilíngue em Tarefas de Tradução L1 e L2. Ph.D. dissertation, Federal University of Minas Gerais.
Flower, Linda, and John Hayes
1981“A Cognitive Process Theory of Writing.”College Composition and Communication 321: 365–387.
Jakobsen, Arnt Lykke
1999“Logging Target Text Production with Translog.” In Probing the Process in Translation: Methods and Results, ed. by Gyde Hansen, 9–20. Copenhagen: Samfundslitteratur.
Jakobsen, Arnt Lykke
2002“Translation Drafting by Professional Translators and by Translation Students.” In Empirical Translation Studies: Process and Product, ed. by Gyde Hansen, 191–204. Copenhagen: Samfundslitteratur.
2005“Investigating Expert Translators’ Processing Knowledge.” In Knowledge Systems and Translations, ed. by Helle V. Dam, Jan Engberg, and Heidrun Gerzymisch-Arbogast, 173–189. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Jakobsen, Arnt Lykke, and Lasse Schou
1999“Translog Documentation.” In Probing the Process in Translation. Methods and Results, ed. by Gyde Hansen, Appendix, 1–36. Copenhagen: Samfundslitteratur.
Kelly, Dorothy
2003 “La Traducción Inversa en la Bibliografía de la Traductología.” In La direccionalidad en Traducción e Interpretación. Perspectivas Teóricas, Profesionales y Didácticas, ed. by Dorothy Kelly, Anne Martin, Marie-Louise Nobs, Dolores Sánchez, and Catherine Way. Granada: Editorial Atrio.
Kroll, Judith, and Erika Stewart
1994“Category Interference in Translation and Picture Naming: Evidence for Asymmetric Connections between Bilingual Memory Representations.”Journal of Memory and Language 331: 149–174.
2002 “¿Es Posible la Traducción Inversa? Resultados de un Experimento sobre Traducción Profesional a una Lengua Extranjera.” In Empirical Translation Studies: Process and Product, ed. by Gyde Hansen, 85–124. Copenhagen: Samfundslitteratur.
1988A Textbook of Translation. New York: Prentice Hall.
PACTE Group
2011 “Results of the Validation of the PACTE Translation Competence Model: Translation Project and Dynamic Translation Index.” In Cognitive Explorations of Translation, ed. by Sharon O’Brien, 30–56. London: Continuum.
Pavlović, Nataša
2007Directionality in Collaborative Translation Processes. Ph.D. dissertation, Universitat Rovira i Virgili.
Pavlović, Nataša
2010“What Were They Thinking?! Students’ Decision Making in L1 and L2 Translation Processes.” Hermes. Journal of Language and Communication Studies 441: 63–87.
1997“Released from the Grip of Empire: Lingua Franca as Target Culture.” In La Palabra Vertida. Investigaciones en torno a la Traducción, ed. by Angel Vega, and Rafael Martín Gaitero, 45–56. Madrid: Universidad Complutense de Madrid.
Taboada, Maite, and William C. Mann
2006“Rhetorical Structure Theory: Looking Back and Moving Ahead.”Discourse Studies 8 (3): 423–459.
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Abdel Latif, Muhammad M. M.
2018. Towards a typology of pedagogy-oriented translation and interpreting research. The Interpreter and Translator Trainer 12:3 ► pp. 322 ff.
Ferreira, Aline, Alexandra Gottardo & John W. Schwieter
2017. Directionality in Translation. In The Handbook of Translation and Cognition, ► pp. 90 ff.
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1970. O metodzie badawczej zapożyczonej z psychologii, czyli jak zaprojektować i przeprowadzić badanie za pomocą metody protokołów retrospektywnych w tłumaczeniu symultanicznym. Między Oryginałem a Przekładem 27:4 (50) ► pp. 31 ff.
Gumul, Ewa
2021. O metodzie badawczej zapożyczonej z psychologii, czyli jak zaprojektować i przeprowadzić badanie za pomocą metody protokołów retrospektywnych w tłumaczeniu symultanicznym. Między Oryginałem a Przekładem 26:4 (50) ► pp. 31 ff.
Jia, Juan, Ziyu Wei, Heben Cheng & Xiaolu Wang
2023. Translation directionality and translator anxiety: Evidence from eye movements in L1-L2 translation. Frontiers in Psychology 14
Liu, Xiaodong
2021. Cognitive Processing Routes in CI: Settings and Language Directions. In Cognitive Processing Routes in Consecutive Interpreting [New Frontiers in Translation Studies, ], ► pp. 117 ff.
Lourenço da Silva, Igor A., Fabio Alves, Marcia Schmaltz, Adriana Pagano, Derek Wong, Lidia Chao, Ana Luísa V. Leal, Paulo Quaresma, Caio Garcia & Gabriel Eduardo da Silva
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