Other literature
Aarts, Bas, April
MacMahon. 2006. The Handbook of English Linguistics. Oxford: Blackwell. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Abecassis, Michaël. 2007. “Is Lexicography Making Progress? On Dictionary Use and Language Learners’ Needs.” Lexikos
17: 247–258.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Adamska-Sałaciak, Arleta. 2007. Review of Historical Dictionaries and Historical Dictionary Research: Papers from the International Conference on Historical Lexicography and Lexicology, at the University of Leicester, 2002. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer, edited by Julie Coleman and Anne McDermott. International Journal of Lexicography, 20 (2): 182–188. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Adamska-Sałaciak, Arleta. 2010a. “Examining Equivalence.” International Journal of Lexicography
23(4): 387–409. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Adamska-Sałaciak, Arleta. 2010b “Why we need bilingual learners’ dictionaries.” English Learners’ Dictionaries at the DSNA 2009, edited by
Ilan J.
Kernerman and Paul
Bogaards, 121–37. TelAviv: K Dictionaries.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Adamska-Sałaciak, Arleta. 2012. “Dictionary Definitions: Problems and Solutions.” Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis 129 Supplementum: 323–339.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Adamska-Sałaciak, Arleta. 2014. “Bilingual Lexicography: Translation Dictionaries.” International Handbook of Modern Lexis and Lexicography, edited by
Patrick
Hanks and Gilles-Maurice
de Schryver, 1–11. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Aisenstadt, Ester. 1979. “Collocability Restrictions in Dictionaries.” Dictionaries and Their Users: Papers from the 1978 B.A.A.L. Seminar on Lexicography, edited by
Reinhard R. K.
Hartmann, 71–74. Exeter: University of Exeter.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Aitchison, Jean. 1986. “The Gobbledygook Syndrome.” English Today: The International Review of the English Language
5, January–March: 7–9. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Allan, Keith. 1986. Linguistic Meaning
Vol. 1. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Allen, Jeffrey. 1995. Review of the Caterpillar KANT English-French MT System, Internal Technical Report, Peoria, IL: Technical Information Department, Caterpillar Inc.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Allen, Robert. 1996. The Big Four. English Today, 12 (2): 41–55. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Anthony, Laurence. 2012. AntWordProfiler (Version 1.4.0) [Computer Software]. Tokyo, Japan: Waseda University. Accessed October 1, 2019, www.antlab.sci.waseda.ac.jp/![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Apresjan, Jurij. D.
1972. “Definiowanie znaczeń leksykalnych jako zagadnienie semantyki teoretycznej.” In
Semantyka i słownik, edited by
Anna
Wierzbicka, 39–58. Wroclaw: Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Apresjan, Jurij. D.
1995. Semantyka leksykalna. Synonimiczne środki jezyka. Wroclaw: Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich Wydawnictwo.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
(ASD-STE100)
2017. ASD Simplified Technical English Specification ASD-STE100. Access October 2, 2018, http://www.asd-ste100.org/index.html
Atkins, Beryl T. S.
1985. “Monolingual and bilingual learners’ dictionaries: A comparison”. In
Dictionaries, Lexicography and Language Learning, edited by
Robert
Ilson, 15–24. Oxford: Pergamon Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Atkins, Beryl T. S., Charles J.
Fillmore, and Christopher R.
Johnson. 2003. “Lexicographic Relevance: Selecting Information from Corpus Evidence.” International Journal of Lexicography
16 (3): 251–80. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Atkins, Beryl T. S., Michael
Rundell. 2008. The Oxford Guide to Practical Lexicography. Oxford: Oxford University Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Ayto, John. 1984. “The Vocabulary of Definitions.” In
Theoretische und Practische Probleme der Lexicographie, edited by
Dieter
Götz and Thomas
Herbst, Munich: Max Hueber Verlag.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Baker, Mona. 1992. In Other Words: A Course Book on Translation. London: Routledge.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Bańko, Miroslaw. 2001. Z pogranicza leksykografii i językoznawstwa. Studia o słowniku jednojęzycznym. Warsaw: Wydzial Polonistyki Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Bańko
Miroslaw. 2006. “Circulus vitiosus - circulus odiosus. Uwagi o cyrkularnosci w definicjach słownikowych.” Manuscula linguistica. In honorem Alexandrae Cieslikowa oblata, edited by
Kazimierz
Rymut
et al., 21–34. Cracow: Instytut Jezyka Polskiego PAN.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Bańko, Miroslaw. 2010. “The Polish COBUILD and its Influence on Polish Lexicography.” In
A Way with Words: Recent Advances in Lexical Theory and Analysis. A Festschrift for Patrick Hanks, edited by
Gilles-Maurice
de Schryver, 323–332. Kampala 2010 (Menha Linguistic Series).![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Bańko, Miroslaw, Magdalena
Majdak, Maciej
Czeszewski. eds.. 2011. Słowniki dawne i wspólczesne. Internetowy przewodnik edukacyjny. Accessed August 20, 2017, http://www.leksykografia.uw.edu.pl/slowniki/25/slownik-jezyka-polskiego-warszawa-1978–1981
Barnhart, Clarence L.
1962. “Problems in Editing Commercial Monolingual Dictionaries.” In
Problems in Lexicography, edited by
Fred W.
Householder and Sol
Saporta, 161–81. Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Baroni, Marco. 2006. “Distributions in Text.” In
Corpus Linguistics: An International Handbook, edited by
Anke
Lüdeling and Merja
Kytö, 803–821. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Baroni, Marco, Silvia
Bernardini, Adriano
Ferraresi, Eros
Zanchetta. 2009. “The WaCky wide web: a collection of very large linguistically processed web-crawled corpora.” Language Resources and Evaluation
43. Springer Science+Business Media B.V.: 209–226.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Battenburg, John D.
1994. “Pioneer in English Lexicography for Language Learners: Michael Philip West.” Dictionaries. Journal of The Dictionary Society of North America. No. 15, Cleveland: Cleveland State University: 132–148.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Bauer, Laurie and Paul
Nation. 1993. “Word Families.” International Journal of Lexicography
6 (4): 253–279. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Bauman, John. 2018a. About the General Service List. Accessed February 24, 2018, http://jbauman.com/aboutgsl.html#1953
Bauman, John. 2018b. About the University Word List. Accessed February, 2018, http://jbauman.com/aboutUWL.html
Beekman, John and Callow, John. 1974. Translating the Word of God. Grand Rapids: Zondervan.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Béjoint, Henri. 1981. “The Foreign Student’s Use of Monolingual English Dictionaries: A Study of Language Needs and Reference Skills.” Applied Linguistics
2 (3): 207–222. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Béjoint, Henri. 1987. “The Value of the Dictionary in Vocabulary Acquisition.” In
The Dictionary and the Language Learner, edited by
Anthony P.
Cowie, 97–104. Tübingen: Niemeyer. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Béjoint, Henri. 2000. Modern Lexicography. An Introduction. Oxford: University Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Bell, Huw. 2013. “Core Vocabulary.” The Encyclopedia of Applied Sciences, edited by
Carol A.
Chapelle. Blackwell Publishing.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Bennett, Judith. 1993. “The Future of Plain Legal Language: Australia: A Case Study.” Second International Plain English Conference: Plain English Campaign (UK), London, 24–26 May 1993, Sydney: Centre for Plain Legal Language.
Benjamin, Martin. 2019. Teach You Backwards. Accessed October 17, 2020
https://www.teachyoubackwards.com/user/malangali/
de Bessé, B.
1990. “La Définition Terminologique.” In
La Définition, edited by
J.
Charaud and F.
Mazière, 252–262. Paris: Larousse.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Bhatia, Tej K.
2006. “Bilingualism and Second Language Learning.” In
Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics, 2nd ed., edited by
Keith
Brown, Anne
Anderson, Laurie
Bauer, Margie
Berns, Jim
Miller, and Graeme
Hirst, 16–22. Oxford: Elsevier. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Biber, Douglas, Stig
Johansson, Geoffrey
Leech, Susan
Conrad, Edward
Finegan. 1999. The Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English. London: Longman.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Biber, Douglas, Susan
Conrad, Viviana
Cortes. 2003. “Lexical bundles in speech and writing: An initial taxonomy.” In
Corpus Linguistics by the Lune: A Festschrift for Geoffrey Leech, edited by
Andrew
Wilson, Paul
Rayson, Tony
McEnery, 71–92. Frankfurt/Main: Peter Lang.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Biber, D., Conrad, S. & Cortes, V.
2004. “If you look at … : Lexical Bundles in University Teaching and Textbooks.” Applied Linguistics, 25 (3), 371–405. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Biden, James. 1843. “On Grammalogues. A letter to the editor of the Phonotypic Journal.” The Phonotypic Journal
Nov. 1843, 2.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Black, Alison. 1986. The Effects on Comprehension and Memory of Providign Different Types of Definign Information for New Vocabulary: A Report on Two Experiments Conducted for Longman ELT Dictionaries and Reference Division. Cambridge: MRC Applied Pscyhology Unit (unpublished internal report).![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Blake, Norman F.
1996. A History of the English Language. London: Macmillan Press Ltd. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Bogaards, Paul. 1991. “Dictionaries pédagogiques et apprentissage du vocabulaire.” Cahiers de Lexicologie, 59: 93–107.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Bogaards, Paul. 1996. “Dictionaries for Learners of English.” International Journal of Lexicography
9 (4): 277–320. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Bogaards, Paul. 1998. “What Type of Words do Language Learners Look Up?” Using Dictionaries, edited by
Beryl T.
Sue Atkins, 151–157. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Bogaards, Paul. 2003. “MEDAL: A Fifth Dictionary for Learners of English.” International Journal of Lexicography
16 (1): 43–55. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Bogaards, Paul. 2008. “Frequency in Learners’ Dictionaries.” In
Proceedings of the XIII EURALEX International Congress, Barcelona, 15–19 July 2008, edited by
Elisenda
Bernal and Janet
DeCesaris, 1231–1236. Barcelona: Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Institut Universitari de Lingüística Aplicada.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Bogaards, Paul and Willem A.
van der Kloot. 2001. “The Use of Grammatical Information in Learners’ Dictionaries.” International Journal of Lexicography
14 (2): 97–121. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Bogaards, Paul, and Willem A.
van der Kloot. 2002. “Verb Constructions in Learners’ Dictionaries” In
Proceedings of the Tenth EURALEX International Congress (Vol. II), edited by
Anna
Braasch and Claus
Povlsen, 747–757. Copenhagen: Center for Sprogteknologi.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Bogusławski, Andrzej. 1966. Semantyczne pojęcie liczebnika i jego morfologia w języku rosyjskim. Wroclaw: Ossolineum.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Bogusławski, Andrzej. 1970. “On Semantic Primitives and Meaningfulness.” In
Signs, Language and Culture, edited by
R. J. A.
Greimas, R.
Jakobson, M. R.
Mayenowa, and S.
Zółkiewski, 143–52. The Hague: Mouton.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Bongers, Herman. 1947. The History and Principles of Vocabulary Control. Parts 1 and 2. Woerden: Wocopi.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Brezina, Vaclav, and Dana
Gablasova. 2015. “Is There a Core General Vocabulary? Introducing the New General Service List.” Applied Linguistics
36 (1): 1–22. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Browne, Charles. 2013. “The New General Service List: Celebration 60 Years of Vocabulary Learning.” The Language Teacher, 37 (4): 13–16.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Browne, Charles. 2014. “The New General Service List Version 1.01: Getting Better All the Time.” Korea TESOL Journal
11 (1): 35–50.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Bullock, David. 2010. “NSM + LDOCE: A Non-Circular Dictionary of English.” International Journal of Lexicography
24 (2): 226–240. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Bullock, David. 2019. Learn These Words First. Accessed March 8, 2019. http://learnthesewordsfirst.com/about/what-is-a-multi-layer-dictionary.html
Bullon, Stephen, and Geoffrey
Leech. 2007. “Longman Communication 3000 and the Longman Defining Vocabulary.” In
Longman Communication 3000, edited by
Stephen
Bullon and Geoffrey
Leech, 1–7. Harlow: Pearson Education.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Burkhanov, Igor. 1998. Lexicography A Dictionary of Basic Terminology. Rzeszów: Wydawnictwo Wyzszej Szkoly Pedagogicznej.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Campion, Mary E., and Warwick B.
Elley. 1971. An Academic Vocabulary List. Wellington: New Zealand Council for Educational Research.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Carrol, John, Peter
Davies, Barry
Richman. 1971. The American Heritage Word Frequency Book. New York: American Heritage.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Carter, Ronald. 1986. “Core Vocabulary and Discourse in the Curriculum: A Question of the Subject.” RELC Journal
17 (1): 52–70. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Carter, Ronald. 2012. Vocabulary. Applied Linguistic Perspectives. Second edition. London: Routledge. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Carver, Ronald P.
1994. “Percentage of Unknown Vocabulary Words in Text as a Function of the Relative Difficulty of the Text: Implications for instruction.” Journal of Reading Behavior
26: 413–437. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Cheng, Yong. 2019. Joint Training for Neural Machine Translation. Singapore: Springer. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Chi, Man L. A.
2003. “Teaching Dictionary Skills in the Classroom.” In
Lexicography. Critical Concepts. Vol. I, edited by
Reinhard R. K.
Hartmann, 355–369. London: Routledge.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Chlebda, Wojciech. 2010. “W jakim zakresie słownik dwujęzyczny może być źródłem informacji etnolingwistycznej?” In
Etnolingwistyka a leksykografia, edited by
Wojciech
Chlebda, 201–208. Opole: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Opolskiego.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Chruszczewski, Piotr P.
2006. “Ogden, Charles Kay (1889–1957).” In
Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics, 2nd ed., edited by
Keith
Brown, Anne
Anderson, Laurie
Bauer, Margie
Berns, Jim
Miller, and Graeme
Hirst, 18. Oxford: Elsevier. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Coady, James. 1997. “L2 Vocabulary Acquisition Through Extensive Reading.” In
Second Language Vocabulary Acquisition: A Rationale for Pedagogy, edited by
James
Coady and Thomas
Huckin, 225–237. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Coseriu, Eugenio. 1962. Teoría del Lenguaje y Lingüística General: Cinco Estudios. Madrid: Gredos.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Cowie, Anthony P.
1989. “Learners’ Dictionaries – Recent Advances and Developments.” In
Learners’ Dictionaries: State of the Art, edited by
Makhan L.
Tickoo, 42–51. Singapore: SEAMEO.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Cowie, Anthony P.
1990. “Language as Words: Lexicography.” In
An Encyclopedia of Language, edited by
N. E.
Collinge, 363–377. London and New York: Routledge![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Cowie, Anthony P.
1998a. “A.S. Hornby: a Centenary Tribute.” In
Proceedings of the 8th EURALEX International Congress, Liège, Belgium, edited by
Thierry
Fontenelle, Philippe
Hiligsmann, Archibald
Michiels, André
Moulin, Siegried Theissen.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Cowie, Anthony P.
1998b. “A.S. Hornby, 1898–1998: A Centenary Tribute.” International Journal of Lexicograpy
11 (4).![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Cowie, Anthony P.
1999a. English Dictionaries for Foreign Learners: A History. Oxford: University Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Cowie, Anthony P.
1999b. “Learner’s Dictionaries in a Historical and Theoretical Perspective.” In
The Perfect Learners’ Dictionary (?), edited by
Thomas
Herbst and Kerstin
Popp, 3–14. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Cowie, Anthony P.
2009. “The Earliest Foreign Learners’ Dictionaries.” In
The Oxford History of English Lexicography. Vol. 2: Specialized Dictionaries, edited by
Anthony P.
Cowie, 385–411. Oxford: Clarendon Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Coxhead, Averil. 2000. “A New Academic Word List.” TESOL Quarterly, 34 (2): 213–238. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Crabbe, Stephen. 2017. Controlling Language in Industry. Controlled Languages for Technical Documents. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Croft, William, Alan
Cruse. 2004. Cognitive Linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Cruse, Alan. 1986. Lexical Semantics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Cruse, Alan. 2004. Meaning in Language. An Introduction to Semantics and Pragmatics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Crystal, David. 2003. A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics. 5th ed. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Crystal, David. 1986. “The Ideal Dictionary, Lexicographer and User.” In
Lexicography: An Emerging International Profession, edited by In
Robert F.
Ilson, 72–81. Manchester: Manchester University Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Crystal, David. 2006. “Into the Twenty-first Century.” In
The Oxford History of English, edited by
Lynda
Mugglestone, 394–414. Oxford: Oxford University Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Cumming, Geoff, Samantha
Cropp, Ronald
Sussex. 1994. “On-line Lexical Resources for Language Learners: Assessment of Some Approaches to Word Definition.” System
22(3): 369–377. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Cummins, Jim. 2008. “Teaching for Transfer: Challenging the Two Solitudes Assumption in Bilingual Education.” Encyclopedia of Language and Education, 2nd edition, Vol. 5: Bilingual Education, edited by
Jim
Cummins and Nancy H.
Hornberger, 65–75. New York: Springer. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Curzan, Anne. 2000. “The Compass of the Vocabulary.” In
Lexicography and the OED, edited by
Lynda
Mugglestone, 96–109. Oxford: Oxford University Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Dancette, Jeanne. 2003. “Les Représentations Lexico-Sémantiques (RLS), Moyen de Structuration des Connaissances dans les Domaines Spécialisés,” ISKO-France, Grenoble, 1–16 [83–96].![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Davies, Mark. 2012. Corpus of Contemporary American English (1990–2012). Accessed March 15, 2018. http://corpus.byu.edu/coca/
DeRocher, James E., Murray
S. Miron, S. M.
Patten, Charles C.
Pratt. 1973. The Counting of Words: A Review of the History, Techniques and Theory of Word Counts with Annotated Bibliography. New York: Syracuse University Research Corp.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
De Schryver, Gilles-Maurice. 2008. “Review of Patrick Hanks (ed.). Lexicology: Critical Concepts.” International Journal of Lexicography
21 (4): 419–438. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
De Schryver, Gilles-Maurice, and Daniel J.
Prinsloo. 2011. “Do Dictionaries Define on the Level of Their Target Users? A Case Study for Three Dutch Dictionaries.” International Journal of Lexicography
24 (1): 5–28. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Dewey, Godfrey. 1923. Relative Frequency of English Speech Sounds. London: Harvard University Press. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Dodd, Stuart C.
1955. “Model English.” In
Machine Translation of Languages, edited by
William N.
Locke and Andrew D.
Booth, 165–173. Cambridge: Technology Press of Massachusetts Institute of Technology.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Dolan, William, Stephen
Richardson, Lucy
Vanderwende. 1993. “Automatically Deriving Structured Knowledge Bases from On-line Dictionaries.” In
Proceedings of the First Conference of the Pacific Association for Computational Linguistics, edited by
Paul
McFetridge and Fred
Popowich, 5–14. Vancouver: Pacific Association for Computational Linguistics.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Duygu, Ataman, Matteo
Negri, Marco
Turchi, Marcello
Federico. 2017. Linguistically Motivated Vocabulary Reduction for Neural Machine Translation from Turkish to English. The Prague Bulletin of Mathematical Linguistics
108: 331–342. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Dziemianko, Anna. 2004. “Verb Syntax in Monolingual English Learners’ Dictionaries: A Study of User-Friendliness” In
Proceedings of the Eleventh EURALEX International Congress (Vol. II), Lorient, France. Universite de Bretagne-Sud, edited by
Geoffrey
Williams and Sandra
Vessier: 683–691.
Dziemianko, Anna. 2012a. Noun and Verb Codes in English Monolingual Dictionaries for Foreign Learners: A Study of Usefulness in the Polish Context. Poznan: Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Dziemianko, Anna. 2012b. “On the Use(fulness) of Paper and Electronic Dictionaries.” In
Electronic Lexicography, edited by
Sylviane
Granger and Magali
Paquot, 319–341. Oxford University Press. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Dziemianko, Anna. 2012c. “Why One and Two do not Make Three: Dictionary Form Revisited.” Lexikos
22: 195–216. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Dziemianko, Anna, and Robert
Lew. 2006. “Research into Dictionary Use by Polish Learners of English: Some Methodological Considerations.” In
IFAtuation: A Life in IFA. A Festschrift for Professor Jacek Fisiak on the Occasion of His 70th Birthday. Poznan, edited by
Katarzyna
Dziubalska-Kolaczyk.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Eder, Maciej. 2017. “Visualization in Stylometry: Cluster Analysis Using Networks.” Digital Scholarship in the Humanities
32 (1): 50–64. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Eder, Maciej, Jan
Rybicki, Mike
Kestemont. 2016. “Stylometry with R: A Package for Computational Text Analysis.” The R Journal
8 (1): 107–121. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Ek, Jan Ate van
1975. The Threshold Level English in a European Unit/Credit System for Modern Language Learning by Adults. (Council of Europe Modern Languages Project). Strasbourg: Council of Europe.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Ek, Jan Ate van, L. G.
Alexander, M. A.
Fitzpatrick. 1980. Waystage English: An Intermediary Objective below Threshold Level in a European Unit/Credit System of Modern Language Learning by Adults. Oxford: Pergamon Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Ek, Jan Ate van, and John L. M.
Trim. 1990a/1998a. Threshold 1990. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Ek, Jan Ate van, and John L. M.
Trim. 1990b/1998b. Waystage 1990. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Ek, Jan Ate van, and John L. M.
Trim. 2001. Vantage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Eldridge, R. C.
1911. Six Thousand Common English Words. Their Comparative Frequency and What Can Be Done With Them. New York: Niagara Falls.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Engels, L. K.
1968. The Fallacy of Word-Counts. IRAL, 6(3), 213–231.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
English Oxford Living Dictionaries. 2017. Accessed September 10, 2017. https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/
Eunson, Baden. 1996. Writing in Plain English. New York: John Wiley & Sons.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Faucett, Lawrence, and Itsu
Maki. 1932. A Study of English Word-Values, Statistically Determined from the Latest Extensive Word-Counts. Tokyo: Matsumura Sanshodo.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Faucett, Lawrence, Harold
Palmer, Edward L.
Thorndike, and Michael
West. 1936. Interim Report on Vocabulary Selection. London: P.S. King and Son, Ltd.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Fellbaum, Christiane, ed.. 1998. WordNet: An Electronic Lexical Database. Cambridge: The MIT Press. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Ferraresi, Adriano, Eros
Zanchetta, Marco
Baroni, and Silvia
Bernardini. 2008. “Introducing and Evaluating ukWaC, a Very Large Web-Derived Corpus of English.” In
Proceedings of the 4th Web as Corpus Workshop (WAC-4) Can We Beat Google? Marrakech, Morrocco, 1 June 2008, edited by
Stefan
Evert, Adam
Kilgarriff and Serge
Sharoff. Accessed May, 4, 2017. http://webascorpus.sourceforge.net/
Fischer, Ute. 1991. “How Students Misunderstand Definitions: Some Evidence for Contextual Representations of Word Meanings.” In
Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, Chicago, August 1991. Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Flood, Walter E., and Michael
West. 1953. “Supplementary Scientific and Technical Vocabulary.” In
A General Service List of English Words, edited by
Michael
West, 583–588. London: Longmans.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Flesch, Rudolf Franz. 1944. How Basic is Basic English?
Harper’s Magazine: 339–43.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Fontenelle, Thierry. 1994. “What on Earth are Collocations?” English Today
10 (4): 42–48. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Fontenelle, Thierry. 2009. “Linguistic Research and Learners’ Dictionaries: the Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English.” In
Oxford History of English Lexicography, edited by
Anthony P.
Cowie, 412–435. Oxford: Oxford University Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Fox, Gwyneth. 1989. “A Vocabulary for Writing Dictionaries.” In
Learners’ Dictionaries: State of the Art, edited by
Makhan L.
Tickoo, 153–171. Singapore: SEAMEO.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Francis, Winthrop N., and Henry
Kucera. 1964. Manual of Information to Accompany A Standard Corpus of Present-Day Edited American English, for use with Digital Computers. Providence, Rhode Island: Department of Linguistics, Brown University. Revised 1971. Revised and amplified 1979.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Francis, Winthrop N., and Henry
Kucera. 1982. Frequency Analysis of English Usage: Lexicon and Grammar. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Friend, Joseph Harold. 1967. The Development of American Lexicography 1798–1864. The Hague: Mouton.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Fries, Charles C. and Traver, Alice A.
1963. English Word Lists. A Study of their Adaptability for Instruction. Ann Arbor: The George Wahr Publishing.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Gairns, Rurth, and Redman, Stuart. 1986. Working with Words: A Guide to Teaching and Learning Vocabulary. Cambridge University Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Gao, Jun. 2012. “Basic Cognitive Experiences and Definitions in the Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English.” International Journal of Lexicography
26 (1): 58–89. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Gardner, Dee, and Mark
Davies. 2013. “A New Academic Vocabulary List.” Applied Linguistics
35(3): 1–24.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Geeraerts, Dirk. 2003. “Meaning and Definitions”. In
A Practical Guide to Lexicography, edited by
Piet
van Sterkenburg, 83–93. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Geeraerts, Dirk. 2006a. “The Definitional Practice of Dictionaries and the Cognitive Semantic Conception of Polysemy.” Words and other Wonders. Papers on Lexical and Semantic Topics, edited by
Dirk
Geeraerts, 345–363. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Geeraerts, Dirk. 2006b. “Prospects and Problems of Prototype Theory.” In
Corpus Linguistics: Basic Readings, edited by
Dirk
Geeraerts, 141–166. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Geeraerts, Dirk. 2010. Theories of Lexical Semantics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Ghadessy, Mohsen. 1979. “Frequency Counts, Word Lists and Materials Preparation: A New Approach.” English Teaching Forum
17 (1): 24–27.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Gilner, Leah. 2011. “A Primer on the General Service List.” Reading in a Foreign Language, 23 (1): 65–83.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Gilner, Leah, and Frank
Morales. 2008. “Corpus-based Frequency Profiling: Migration to a Word List Based on the British National Corpus.” The Buckingham Journal of Language and Linguistics: 41–58.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Goddard, Cliff. 2010. “The Natural Semantic Metalanguage Approach.” The Oxford Handbook of Linguistic Analysis. Oxford: Oxford University Press: 459–484.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Goddard, Cliff, ed.. 2018. Minimal English for a Global World. Improved Communication Using Fewer Words. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Goddard, Cliff, and Anna
Wierzbicka, eds.. 2014. Words and Meanings: Lexical Semantics across Domains, Languages and Cultures. Oxford: Oxford University Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Goddard, Cliff, and Anna
Wierzbicka. 2018. “Minimal English and How it can Add to Global English.” In
Minimal English for a Global World. Improved Communication Using Fewer Words, edited by
Cliff
Goddard, 5–28. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Gordon, W. Terrence, ed.. 1994. C.K. Ogden and Linguistics. 5 volumes. London.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Gove, Phillip B.
1972. “English Dictionaries of the Future.” In
New Aspects of Lexicography, edited by
Howard D.
Weinbrot, 152–170. London: Southern Illinois University Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Grabowski, Łukasz. 2015. Phraseology in English Pharmaceutical Discourse. A Corpus-Driven Study of Register Variation. Opole: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Opolskiego.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Greenbaum, Sidney, Charles F.
Meyer, and John
Taylor. 1984. “The Image of the Dictionary for American College Students.” Dictionaries
6: 31–52. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Grochowski, Maciej. 1993. Konwencje Semantyczne a Definiowanie Wyrażeń Językowych. Warszawa: Zakład Semiotyki Logicznej Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Gries, Stefan Th.
2009. Quantitative Corpus Linguistics with R. Routledge: New York. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Grzegorczykowa, Renata. 2001. Wprowadzenie do Semantyki Jezykoznawczej. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Hancioglu, Nilgün, Steven
Neufeld, and John
Eldridge. 2008. “Through the Looking Glass and into the Land of Lexico-Grammar.” English for Specific Purposes
27: 459–79. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Hanks, Patrick. 1979. “To What Extent does a Dictionary Definition Define?” In
Dictionaries and their Users, edited by
Reinhard R. K.
Hartmann. Exeter: University of Exeter, 32–38.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Hanks, Patrick. 1987. “Definitions and Explanations.” In
Looking up: An account of the COBUILD project in lexical computing, edited by
John M.
Sinclair, 116–136. London, Glasgow.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Hanks, Patrick. 1990. ‘Evidence and Intuition in Lexicography’, In
Meaning and Lexicography, edited by
Jerzy
Tomaszczyk and Barbara
Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk, 31–41. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Hanks, Patrick. 1994. “Lexicography: Theory and Practice.” Dictionaries. 1992/3 (14): 97–112.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Hanks, Patrick. 2005. “Johnson and Modern Lexicography.” International Journal of Lexicography
18 (2): 243–266. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Hanks, Patrick. 2008. Lexicology: Critical Concepts. Abingdon: Routledge.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Hanks, Patrick. 2009. Common Sense Blossoms in Springfield, MA. Review of Merriam-Webster’s Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary. Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster Inc, edited by
Stephen J.
Perrault, International Journal of Lexicography
22 (3).![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Hanks, Patrick. 2015. Cognitive Semantics and the Lexicon. Review Article. International Journal of Lexicography
28 (1): 86–106. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Hanks, Patrick. 2019. Pattern Dictionary of English Verbs (PDEV). https://pdev.org.uk/
Hanks, Patrick, and James
Pustejovsky. 2005. “A Pattern Dictionary for Natural Language Processing”. Revue Française de Linguistique Appliquée, 10 (2): 63–82. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Hartmann, Reinhard R. K.
1989. “Dictionaries of English: The User’s Perspective.” In
Dictionaries. Prospects for the Record of Our Language, edited by
Richard W.
Bailey, 121–135. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Hartmann, Reinhard R. K.
1993. “Recent trends in pedagogical lexicography: The case of the ‘bilingualised’ learner’s dictionary”. In
Endangered Languages. Proceedings of XVth International Congress of Linguists, Québec, August 1992, edited by
André
Crochetière, Jean-Claude
Boulanger, and Conrad
Ouellette, 159–162. Québec: Les Presses de l’Université Laval.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Hartmann, Reinhard R. K., and Gregory
James. 1998. Dictionary of Lexicography. London: Routledge. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Harvey, Keith, and Deborah
Yuill. 1997. “A Study of the Use of a Monolingual Pedagogical Dictionary by Learners of English Engaged in Writing.” Applied Linguistics
18 (3): 253–278. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Heatley, Alex, Paul I. S.
Nation, and Averil
Coxhead. 2002. RANGE and FREQUENCY Programs. http://www.victoria.ac.nz/lals/staff/paul-nation.aspx.
Herbst, Thomas. 1986. “Defining with a Controlled Defining Vocabulary in Foreign Learners’ Dictionaries.” Lexicographica: International Annual for Lexicography
2: 101–119.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Herbst, Thomas. 1996. “On the Way to the Perfect Learners’ Dictionary: A First Comparision of OALD5, LDOCE3, COBUILD2 and CIDE.” International Journal of Lexicography
9 (4): 321–357. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Hiles, Lorna. 2014. “Towards a Southern African English Defining Vocabulary.” Lexikos
24: 178–185. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Hindmarsh, Roland. 1980. The Cambridge English Lexicon. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Hirsh, David. 1993. The vocabulary demands and vocabulary learning opportunities in short novels. Unpublished master’s thesis, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand.
Hirsh, David, and Paul I. S.
Nation. 1992. “What Vocabulary Size is Needed to Read Unsimplified Texts for Pleasure?” Reading in a Foreign Language, 8 (2): 689–696.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Horn, Ernest. 1926. A Basic Writing Vocabulary. Iowa City: State University of Iowa Monograph
First Series No. 4.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Hornby, Albert S.
1938. “Report on the Year’s Work: Dictionary Problems.” IRET Bulletin
148: 20–8; 36.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Horst, Marlise, Tom
Cobb, and Paul
Meara. 1998. “Beyond a Clockwork Orange: Acquiring Second Language Vocabulary through Reading.” Reading in a Foreign Language
11: 207–223.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Howatt, Anthony Phillip R.
1984. A History of English Language Teaching. Oxford: Oxford University Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Howatt, Anthony Phillip R.
2006. “Language Teaching: History.” In
Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics, 2nd ed., edited by
Keith
Brown, Anne
Anderson, Laurie
Bauer, Margie
Berns, Jim
Miller, and Graeme
Hirst, 634–646. Oxford: Elsevier. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Hu, Marcella and Paul
Nation. 2000. “Vocabulary Density and Reading Comprehension” Reading in a Foreign Language, 13 (1): 403–430.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Huijsen, Willem. 1998. “Controlled Language – An Introduction.” In
Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Controlled Language Applications. (CLAW) Pittsburgh: Carnegie Mellon University Language Technologies Institute. 1–15.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Hulstijn, Jan H.
1993. “When do Foreign-Language Readers Look Up the Meaning of Unfamiliar Words? The Influence of Task and Learner Variables.” The Modern Language Journal
77: 139–147. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Hutchins, W. John. 1995. “Machine Translation: A Brief History.” In
Concise History of the Language Sciences: From the Sumerians to the Cognitivists, edited by
E. F. K.
Koerner and Ronald E.
Asher, 431–445. New York: Pergamon. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Hwang, Kyongho. 1989. Reading Newspapers for the Improvement of Vocabulary and Reading Skills. Unpublished M.A. Thesis, Victoria University, Wellington.
Ilson, Robert. 1990. “Present-Day British Lexicography.” In
Wörterbücher Dictionaries Dictionnaires. An International Encyclopedia of Lexicography. Vol. 2 (1989–91), edited by
Franz J.
Hausmann, Oskar
Reichmann, Herbert E.
Wiegand, and Ladislav
Zgusta, 1967–1983. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Jain, Mahavir P.
1981. “On Meaning in the Foreign Learner’s Dictionary.” Applied Linguistics
2 (3): 274–286. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
James, Gregory C. A.
2003. “Bilingualisation as a Genre.” In
Lexicography. Critical Concepts. Vol. III, edited by
Reinhard R. K.
Hartmann, 135–146. London: Routledge.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Jansen, Jacques, Mergeai, Jean-Paul, and Jocelyne
Vanandroye. 1987. “Controlling LDOCE’s controlled vocabulary.” In
The Dictionary and the Language Learner (Lexicographica, Series maior 17), edited by
Anthony P.
Cowie. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Jeffery, G. B.
1953. “Foreword” In
A General Service List of English Words, edited by
Michael
West, v–vi. London: Longmans.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Jenkins, Joseph R., Marcy L.
Stein, and Katherine
Wysocki. 1984. “Learning Vocabulary through Reading.” American Educational Research Journal
21: 767–787. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Johansson, Stig. 1978. Manual of Information to Accompany the Lancaster-Oslo/Bergen Corpus of British English for Use with Digital Computers. Oslo: University of Oslo, Department of English.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Johnson, Samuel. 1747. The Plan of an English Dictionary. London.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Kamińska, Małgorzata Anna. 2014. A History of the Concise Oxford Dictionary. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Kamiński, Mariusz Piotr. 2013. A History of the Chambers Dictionary. Lexicographica Series Maior 143. Berlin: Walter De Gruyter. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Kamiński, Mariusz Piotr. 2016. “Corpus-based Extraction of Collocations for Near-Synonym Discrimination.” In
Proceedings of the XVII EURALEX International Congress. Lexicography and Linguistic Diversity. 6–10 September 2016 Tbilisi, edited by
Tinatin
Margalitadze and George
Meladze, 375–382. http://euralex2016.tsu.ge/publication.html
Kamiński, Mariusz Piotr. 2019. “Use of Hedges in Definitions: Out of Necessity or Theory Driven?” Lexikos
29: 55–74. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Kamiński, Mariusz Piotr (2020). Does a limited defining vocabulary make definitions syntactically more complex?
Studia Anglica Posnaniensia
55, 5–19. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
Kamprath
C, Adolphson
E, Mitamura, T and Nyberg
E
1998. “Controlled Language for Mulitilingual Document Production: Experience with Caterpillar Technical English.” In
Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Controlled Language Applications, 51–61. Pittsburgh: Carnegie Mellon University Language Technologies Institute.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Kernerman, Lionel. 1996. “English Learners’ Dictionaries: How Much Do We Know about their Use?” In
EURALEX’ 96 Proceedings. Göteborg: Department of Swedish, Göteborg University, edited by
Martin
Gellerstam, Jerker
Jarborg, Sven-Göran
Malmgren, Lena
Rogström, Catarina
Röjder Papmehl.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Kernerman, Ilan. 1999. “Back to the Future.” Dictionary News, no
7: 1.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Khoong, Elaine, C., Eric Steinbrook, Cortlyn
Brown, and Alicia
Fernandez. 2019. “Assessing the Use of Google Translate for Spanish and Chinese Translations of Emergency Department Discharge Instructions.” JAMA Internal Medicine
2019, E1–E3.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Kilgarriff, Adam. 2006. “Word Senses.” In
Word Sense Disambiguation: Algorithms and Applications, edited by
Eneko
Agirre and Phillip
Edmonds, 29–45. New York: Springer. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Kilgarriff, Adam, and Michael
Rundell. 2002. “Lexical Profiling Software and its Lexicographic Applications: Case Study.” In
Proceedings of the Tenth EURALEX International Congress, EURALEX 2002, Copenhagen: Center for Sprogteknologi, edited by
Anna
Braasch and Claus
Povlsen, 807–819.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Kilgarriff, Adam, Joseph
Rosenzweig. 1999. “English SENSEVAL: reports and results.” In
Proceedings of the 5th natural language processing Pacific Rim symposium (NLPRS ‘99), Beijing, China.
Kirkness, Alan. 2001. “Review. English Dictionaries for Foreign Learners: A History. A. P. Cowie.” ELT Journal
55 (1): 110–112. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Kirkpatrick, Betty. 1985. “A Lexicographical Dilemma: Monolingual Dictionaries for the Native Speaker and for the Learner.” In
Dictionaries, Lexicography and Language Learning, edited by
Robert
Ilson, 7–13. Oxford
1985 (ELT Documents 120).![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Kitzes, Adam H.
2006. The Politics of Melancholy from Spenser to Milton. New York: Routledge.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Kjellmer, Göran. 1986. “‘The Lesser Man’: Observations on the Role of Women in Modern English Writings.” In
Corpus Linguistics II, edited by
Jan
Arts and Willem
Meijs, 163–76. Amsterdam: Rodopi.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Klare, George R.
1968. “The Role of Word Frequency in Readability.” Elementary English
45 (1): 12–22.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Knowles, J.
1904. The London Point System of Reading for the Blind. London.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Koeneke, Rodney. 2004. Empires of the Mind. I. A. Richards and Basic English in China, 1929–1979. Stanford: Stanford University Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Krashen, Stephen D.
2011. Free Voluntary Reading. Santa Barbara: Libraries Unlimited.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Kucera, Henry, and Winthrop N.
Francis. 1967. Computational Analysis of Present-Day American English. Providence, RI: Brown University Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Landau, Sidney I.
1993. “Wierzbicka’s Theory and the Practice of Lexicography.” Dictionaries. 14: 113–119. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Landau, Sidney I.
2001. Dictionaries: The Art and Craft of Lexicography. 2nd edition. Cambridge: University Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Landau, Sidney I.
2009. “Major American Dictionaries.” In
The Oxford History of English Lexicography. Vol. 2, edited by
Anthony P.
Cowie, 182–229. Oxford: Oxford University Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Laufer, Batia. 1989. “What Percentage of Text Lexis is Essential for Comprehension?” In
Special Language: From Humans Thinking to Thinking Machines, edited by
Christer
Lauren and Marianne
Nordman, 316–323. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Laufer, Batia. 1993. “The Effect of Dictionary Definitions and Examples on the Use and Comprehension of New L2 Words.” Cahiers de Lexicologie
63 (2): 131–142.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Laufer, Batia, Cathie
Elder, Kathryn
Hill, and Peter
Congdon. 2004. “Size and strength: Do we need both to measure vocabulary knowledge?” Language Testing
21: 202–226. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Leech, Geoffrey, Paul
Rayson, and Andrew
Wilson. 2001. Word Frequencies in Written and Spoken English. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Lew, Robert. 2002. “A Study in the Use of Bilingual and Monolingual Dictionaries by Polish Learners of English: A Preliminary Report.” In
Proceedings of the Tenth EURALEX International Congress (Vol. II), Copenhagen: Center for Sprogteknologi, edited by
A.
Anna Braasch and Claus
Povlsen, 759–763.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Lew, Robert. 2004. Which Dictionary for Whom? Receptive Use of Bilingual, Monolingual and Semi-Bilingual Dictionaries by Polish Learners of English. Poznan: Motivex.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Lew, Robert. 2010. “Multimodial Lexicography: The Representation of Meaning in Electronic Dictionaries.” Lexikos
20: 290–306. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Lew, Robert. 2012. “How Can We Make Electronic Dictionaries More Effective?” In
Electronic Lexicography, edited by
Sylviane
Granger and Magali
Paquot, 343–363. Oxford: Oxford University Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Lew, Robert. 2013. “Identifying, Ordering and Defining Senses.” In
The Bloomsbury Companion to Lexicography, edited by
Howard
Jackson, 284–302. London: Bloomsbury.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Lew, Robert, Anna
Dziemianko. 2006. “A New Type of Folk-inspired Definition in English Monolingual Learners’ Dictionaries and its Usefulness for Conveying Syntactic Information.” International Journal of Lexicography
19 (3): 225–242. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk, Barbara. 2007. “Polysemy, Prototypes, and Radial Categories.” In
The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics, edited by
Dirk
Geeraerts and Hubert
Cuyckens, 139–169. Oxford: Oxford University Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Li, Hanhong. 2010. “Word Frequency Distribution for Electronic Learner’s Dictionaries.” In
eLexicography in the 21st Century: New Challenges, New Applications. Proceedings of eLex 2009, Louvain-la-Neuve, 22–24 October 2009, edited by
Sylviane
Granger, Magali
Paquot, 203–216. UCL Presses Universitaires de Louvain.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Lorge, Irving. 1944. “Word Lists as Background for Communication.” Teachers College Record
45: 543–552.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Lorge, Irving. 1949. Semantic Count of the 570 Commonest English Words. New York: Teachers College, Columbia University.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Lorge, Irving. 1953. “The Semantic Count.” In
A General Service List of English Words, edited by
Michael
West, xi–xiii. London: Longmans.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Lorge, Irving and Edward L.
Thorndike. 1938. A Semantic Count of English Words. New York: Teachers College, Columbia University.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Louw, Phillip. 2000. “An Integrated Semasiological and Onomasiological Presentation of Semantic Information in General Monolingual Dictionaries as Proposed in H.E. Wiegand’s Semantics and Lexicography.” Lexikos
10: 119–137.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Lovelace, Eugene A.
1988. “On Using Norms for Low-Frequency Words.” Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society
26 (5): 410–412. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Luppescu, Stuart, and Richard
Day. 1993. “Reading, Dictionaries and Vocabulary Learning.” Language Learning
43 (1): 263–287. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Lynn, Robert W.
1973. “Preparing Word Lists: A Suggested Method.” RELC Journal
11 (2): 25–32. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Lyons, John. 1969. Introduction to Theoretical Linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Lyons, John. 1977. Semantics. 2 vols. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Maat, Jaap. 2004. Philosophical Languages in the Seventeenth Century: Dalgarno, Wilkins, Leibniz. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
MacFarquhar, Peter. 1985. ESL Learner Dictionaries: A Study of Definition Difficulty. Occasional Paper 8. University of Hawaii at Manoa.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
MacFarquhar, Peter D., and Jack C.
Richards. 1983. “On Dictionaries and Definitions.” RELC Journal
14 (1): 111–24. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Martinez, Maria-Angeles. 2015. “Modality Awareness Development in Narratives for Young Readers of English.” In
Thinking Modally: English and Contrastive Studies on Modality, edited by
Juan
Rafael Zamorano-Mansilla, Carmen
Maiz, Elena
Dominguez, Victoria Martin
De la Rosa, 429–448. Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
McArthur, Tom. 1986. Worlds of Reference. Cambridge: University Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
McArthur, Tom. 1998a. Living Words. Language, Lexicography and the Knowledge Revolution. Exeter: University of Exeter Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
McArthur, Tom. 1998b. “The Background and Nature of ELT Learner’s Dictionaries.” In
Learners’ Dictionaries: State of the Art, edited by
Makhan L.
Tickoo, 52–64. Singapore: SEAMEO.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
McConchie, Rod W.
2013. “‘The Most Discriminating Plagiarist’: The Unkindest Cut (and Paste) of All”. In
Selected Proceedings of the 2012 Symposium on New Approaches in English Historical Lexis (HEL-LEX 3), edited by
Rod W.
McConchie, Teo
Juvonen, Mark
Kaunisto, 107–119. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
McCreary, Don R., and Elise
Amacker. 2006. “Experimental Research on College Students’ Usage of Two Dictionaries: A Comparison of the Merriam-Webster College Dictionary and the Macmillan English Dictionary for Advanced Learners”. In
Proceedings of 12th EURALEX International Congress, EURALEX 2006, edited by
Elisa
Corino, Carla
Marello, and Cristina
Onesti, 871–885. Alessandria: Edizioni Dell’Orso.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
McCreary, Don R., and Fredric T.
Dolezal. 1999. “A Study of Dictionary Use by ESL Students in an American University.” International Journal of Lexicography
12 (2): 107–146. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
McKeown, Margaret. 1993. “Creating Effective Definitions for Young Word Learners.” Reading Research Quarterly
28 (1): 16–31. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Meer, Geart van der. 1999. “Metaphors and Dictionaries: The Morass of Meaning, or How to Get Two Ideas for One.” International Journal of Lexicography
12 (3): 195–208. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Meer, Geart van der. 2000. “Core, Subsense, and the New Oxford Dictionary of English (NODE).” In
Proceedings of the Ninth EURALEX Congress, edited by
Ulrich
Heid, Stefan
Evert, Egbert
Lehmann, Christian
Rohrer, 419–431. Stuttgart: Institut für Maschinelle Sprachverarbeitung.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Meer, Geart van der. 2004. “On Defining: Polysemy, Core Meanings, and ‘Great Simplicity’.” In
Proceedings of the Eleventh EURALEX International Congress, EURALEX 2004, Lorient, France, July 6–10, 2004, Vol. 2, edited by
Geoffrey
Williams and Sandra
Vessier, 807–15. Lorient: Université de Bretagne Sud.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Michiels, Archibald, and Jacques
Noël. 1984. “The Pro’s and Con’s of a Controlled Defining Vocabulary in a Learner’s Dictionary.” In
LEXeter’s 83 Proceedings. Papers from the International Conference on Lexicography at Exeter, 9–12 September 1983, edited by
Reinhard R. K.
Hartmann, 385–394. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Miller, George A., and Patricia M.
Gildea. 1987. “How Children Learn Words.” Scientific American
257 (3): 94–99. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Minkova, Donka, and Robert
Stockwell. 2006. “English Words.” In
The Handbook of English Linguistics, edited by
Bas
Aarts and April
McMahon. London: Blackwell Publishing. 461–482. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Miodunka, Wladyslaw. 1989. Podstawy Leksykologii i Leksykografii. Warsaw: Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Mitamura, Teruko. 1999. “Controlled Language for Multilingual Machine Translation.” In
Machine Translation Summit VII, Singapore, 1999, 46–52.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Moon, Rosamund. 1987. “The Analysis of Meaning.” In
Looking up: The COBUILD Project in Lexical Computing, edited by
John
Sinclair. Collins ELT: London and Glasgow.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Moon, Rosamund. 1998. Fixed Expressions and Idioms in English. Oxford: Clarendon Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Morton, Herbert C.
1994. The Story of Webster’s Third. Philip Gove’s Controversial Dictionary and its Critics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Muegge, Uwe. 2008. Machine Translation. Controlled Language. Translation Standards. Accessed August 1, 2017. http://www.muegge.cc/controlled-language.htm
Murray, James A. H.
1933. “General Explanations.” In
The Oxford English Dictionary, Being a Corrected Re-issue with an Introduction, Supplement, and Bibliography of A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles, edited by
James A. H.
Murray
et al.. Oxford: The Clarendon Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Nakane, Sadayuki. 1998. “The Defining Vocabularies of LDOCE, OALD, and CIDE: A Comparative Study.” Bulletin of Liberal Arts
18.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Nation, I. S. Paul. 1990. Teaching and Learning Vocabulary. New York: Newbury House.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Nation, I. S. Paul. 1993. “Measuring Readiness for Simplified Material: A Test of the First 1,000 Words of English.” In
Simplification: Theory and Application. RELC Anthology Series 31, edited by
Makhan L.
Tickoo, 193–203.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Nation, Paul. 2006. “How Large a Vocabulary is Needed for Reading and Listening?.” Canadian Modern Language Review
63 (1), 59–82. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Nation, Paul. 2009. “New Roles for L2 Vocabulary?” In
Contemporary Applied Linguistics. Volume One. Language Teaching and Learning, edited by
Vivian
Cook and Li
Wei, 99–116.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Nation, Paul. 2012. “Information on the BNC/COCA lists.” Accessed August 16, 2018. https://www.victoria.ac.nz/lals/about/staff/paul-nation#vocab-lists
Nation, I. S. Paul, and Alex
Heatley. 2002. Range: A Program for the Analysis of Vocabulary in Texts [software]. http://www.vuw.ac.nz/lals/staff/paul-nation/nation.aspx
Nation, I. S. Paul, and Kyongho
Hwang. 1995. “Where Would General Service Vocabulary Stop and Special Purposes Vocabulary Begin?” System
23 (1): 35–41. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Nation, I. S. P. and Robert
Waring. 1997. “Vocabulary Size, Text Coverage and Word Lists.” In
Vocabulary: Description, Acquisition and Pedagogy, edited by
Norbert
Schmitt and Michael
McCarthy, 6–19. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Accessed February 15, 2018. http://www.robwaring.org/papers/CUP/cup.html![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Nation, I. S. Paul, and Stuart
Webb. 2011. Researching and Analyzing Vocabulary. Boston: Heinle.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Nesi, Hilary. 1998. “Defining a Shoehorn: The Success of Learners’ Dictionary Entries for Concrete Nouns.” In
Using Dictionaries: Studies of Dictionary Use by Language Learners and Translators, edited by
Beryl T.
Sue Atkins, 159–178. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Nesi, Hilary. 2000. The Use and Abuse of Learners’ Dictionaries. Lexicographica. Series Maior 98. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Nesi, Hilary. 2009. “Dictionaries in Electronic Form.” In
The Oxford History of English Lexicography. Vol. 2, edited by
Anthony P.
Cowie. Oxford: Oxford University Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Nesi, Hilary. 2014. “Dictionary Use by English Language Learners.” Language Teaching
47 (1): 38–55. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Nesi, Hilary, and Richard
Haill. 2002. “A Study of Dictionary Use by International Students at a British University.” International Journal of Lexicography
15 (4): 277–305. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Nesi, Hilary, and Paul
Meara. 1994. “Patterns of Misrepresenation in the Productive Use of EFL Dictionary Definitions.” System
22 (1): 1–15. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Neubauer, Fritz. 1980. Die Struktur der Explikationen in Deutschen Einsprachigen Wörterbüchern. Eine Vergleichende Lexiko-Semantische Analyse. Hamburg.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Neubauer, Fritz. 1984. “The Language of Explanation in Monolingual Dictionaries.”, LEXeter ‘83. Proceedings. Papers from the International Conference on Lexicography at Exeter, 9–12 September 1983. Lexicographica. Series Maior 1, edited by
Reinhard R. K.
Hartmann, 117–123. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Neubauer, Fritz. 1987. “How to Define a Defining Vocabulary.” A Spectrum of Lexicography. Papers from AILA Brussels 1984, edited by
Robert
Ilson, 49–60. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Neubauer, Fritz. 1989. “Vocabulary Control in the Definitions and Examples of Monolingual Dictionaries.” In
Wörterbücher Dictionaries Dictionnaires. An International Encyclopedia of Lexicography. 3 vols. (1989–91), edited by
Franz J.
Hausmann, Oskar
Reichmann, Herbert E.
Wiegand, and Ladislav
Zgusta, 899–904. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Neufeld, Steve, and Ali
Billuroglu. 2005. “In Search of the Critical Lexical Mass: How ‘General’ in the GSL? How ‘Academic’ is the AWL?” Accessed March 16, 2018. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317661877_In_search_of_the_critical_lexical_mass_How_%27general%27in_the_GSL_How_%27academic%27is_the_AWL
Nichols, Wendalyn. 2001. Review of A.P. Cowie. English Dictionaries for Foreign learners: A History. Dictionaries
22: 205–210.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Nida, Eugene A.
1975. Componential Analysis of Meaning. The Hague: Mouton.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Nyberg, Eric H., Teruko
Mitamura, and Willem-Olaf
Huijsen. 2003. “Controlled Language for Authoring and Translation.” In
Computers and Translation: A Translator’s Guide, edited by
Harold L.
Somers, 245–281. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Nyberg, Eric H., and Teruko
Mitamura. 1992. “The KANT System: Fast, Accurate, High-Quality Translation in Practical Domains.” In
Proceedings of COLLING–92, Nantes, France, July 1992, Vol. 3, 1069–1073.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Oakes, Michael P.
2009. “Corpus Linguistics and Language Variation.” In
Contemporary Corpus Linguistics, edited by
Paul
Baker, 159–83. London: Continuum.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Odlin, Terence. 1989. Language Transfer: Cross-Linguistic Influence in Language Learning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Ogden, Charles K.
1930. Basic English: A General Introduction with Rules and Grammar. London. Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co., Ltd.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Ogden, Charles K.
1931. Debabelization. With a Survey of Contemporary Opinion on the Problem of a Universal Language. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co., Ltd.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Ogden, Charles K., and Ivor A.
Richards. 1923. The Meaning of Meaning. London.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Ogden, Charles K.
1932. The Basic Dictionary. London.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Ogden, Charles K.
1940. The General Basic English Dictionary. London: Evans.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Osgood, Charles E., George J.
Suci, and Percy H.
Tannenbaum. 1957. The Measurement of Meaning. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Page, Edward C.
2001. Governing by Numbers Delegated Legislation and Everyday Policy-Making. Portland: Hart Publishing.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Palmer, Harold E.
1929a. “What shall We Call ‘a Word’?” IRET Bulletin
54: 1–2.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Palmer, Harold E.
1929b. “Editorial: What is an idiom?” IRET Bulletin
56: 1–2.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Palmer, Harold E.
1932. “Some Notes on Construction-Patterns” Institute Leaflet 38. Tokyo: IRET.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Palmer, Harol E.
1933. Second Interim Report on English Collocations. Tokyo: Kaitakusha.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Palmer, Harol E.
1936. “The History and Present State of the Movement Towards Vocabulary Control.” IRET Bulletin
120: 14–17; 121: 19–23.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Palmer, Harol, and Albert S.
Hornby. 1937. Thousand-Word English. London: George Harrap.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Piotrowski, Tadeusz. 1994. Problems in Bilingual Lexicography. Wroclaw: Wydawnictwo Universitetu Wroclawskiego.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Piotrowski, Tadeusz. 2001. Zrozumieć leksykografię. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Piotrowski, Tadeusz. 2002. An Overview of Monolingual EFL Dictionaries Today. Accessed May 5, 2017. http://www.academia.edu/23933212/
Piotrowski, Tadeusz. 2009. “Pedagogical Dictionaries of English as Commercial Products.” In
On Language Structure, Acquisition and Teaching. Studies in Honour of Janusz Arabski on the Occasion of his 70th Birthday, edited by
Maria
Wysocka, 171–176. Katowice: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Plain English Campaign. Accessed March 2, 2019. http://www.plainenglish.co.uk/about-us.html
Plain Speaking is no Joke. 1997. BBC News. Accessed March 2, 2019. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/38503.stm
Podhajecka, Miroslawa. 2009. “Historical Development of Lexicographical Genres: Some Methodological Issues.” In
Selected Proceedings of the 2008 Symposium on New Approaches in English Historical Lexis (HEL-LEX 2), edited by
Roderick W.
McConchie, Alpo
Honkapohja, and Jukka
Tyrkkö, 153–170. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Podhajecka, Miroslawa. 2016. A History of Polish-English / English-Polish Bilingual Lexicography (1788–1947). Opole: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Opolskiego.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Pottier, Bernard. 1964. Vers une Sémantique Moderne. Travaux de Linguistique et de Littérature
2: 107–137.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Praninskas, Jean. 1972. American University Word List. London: Longman.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Preiss, Judita, and Mark
Stevenson. 2004. “Introduction to the Special Issue on Word Sense Disambiguation.” In
Computer Speech and Language
18 (3): 201–207. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Pym, Peter J.
1990. “Pre-Editing and the Use of Simplified Writing for MT: An Engineer’s Experience of Operating an MT System.” In
Translating and the Computer 10: The Translation Environment 10 Years on, edited by
Pamela
Mayorcas, 80–95. London: Aslib.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Quirk, Randolph. 1973. “The Social Impact of Dictionaries in the U.K.” In
Lexicography in English, edited by
Raven I.
McDavid and Audrey
Duckert, 76–88. New York: New York Academy of Sciences.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Quirk, Randolph. 1982. “International communication and the concept of nuclear English.” In
English for Cross-cultural Communication, edited by
Larry E.
Smith, 151–165. NewYork: St. Martin’s Press. [Re-printed in Style and Communication in the English Language. London: Arnold, 37–53.]![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Quirk, Randolph. 1986. “Opening Remarks.” In
Lexicography. An Emerging International Profession, edited by
Robert
Ilson, 1–6. Manchester: Manchester University Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Qun, Liu, and Zhang
Xiaojun. 2015. “Machine Translation.” In
The Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Technology, edited by
Chan
Sin-wai, 105–119. Routledge: New York.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
R Development Core Team. 2013. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Read, John. 1988. “Measuring the vocabulary knowledge of second language learners.” RELC Journal
19 (2): 12–25. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Redmond, Phil.
2010. “Chrissie Maher–a story of inspiration and aspiration.” Liverpool Daily Post. Liverpool: Trinity Mirror North West & North Wales.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Reisner, Edward H.
1925. Nationalism and Education since 1789: a Social and Political History of Modern Education. London: The Macmillan Company.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Renouf, Antoinette. 1987. “Corpus Development” In
Looking Up: An Account of the COBUILD Project in Lexical Computing, edited by
John
Sinclair, 10–40. London: HarperCollins.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Riemer, Nick. 2006. “Reductive Paraphrase and Meaning: A Critique of Wierzbickian Semantics.” Linguistics and Philosophy
29: 347–79. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Richards, Jack C.
1974. Word Lists: Problems and Prospects. RELC Journal
5 (2): 69–84. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Ronald, James. 2002. “L2 Lexical Growth through Extensive Reading and Dictionary Use: A Case Study.” In
Proceedings of the Tenth EURALEX International Congress, EURALEX 2002. Vol
2, edited by
Anna
Braasch and Claus
Povlsen, 765–772. Copenhagen.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Rundell, Michael. 1988. “Changing the Rules: Why the Monolingual Learner’s Dictionary Should Move Away from the Native Speaker Tradition.” In
ZüriLEX’ 86 Proceedings, edited by
Mary
Snell-Hornby, 127–138. Tübingen: Francke Verlag.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Rundell, Michael. 2006. “Learner’s Dictionaries.” In
Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics, 2nd ed., edited by
Keith
Brown, Anne
Anderson, Laurie
Bauer, Margie
Berns, Jim
Miller, and Graeme
Hirst, 739–743. Oxford: Elsevier. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Rundell, Michael. 2008a. “Recent Trends in English Pedagogical Lexicography.” In
Practical Lexicography A Reader, edited by
Thierry
Fontenelle, 221–243. Oxford: Oxford University Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Rundell, Michael. 2008b. “More Than One Way to Skin a Cat: Why Full-Sentence Definitions Have Not Been Universally Adopted.” In
Practical Lexicography A Reader, edited by
Thierry
Fontenelle, 197–209. Oxford: Oxford University Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Rundell, Michael. 2015. “From Print to Digital: Implications for Dictionary Policy and Lexicographic Conventions.” Lexikos
25: 301–322. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Russo, John P.
1989. I.A. Richards. His Life and Work. New York: Routledge.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Sager, Juan, and Kyo
Kageura. 1994. “Concepts Classes and Conceptual Structures: Their Role and Necessity in Terminology.” ALFA: Terminology and Special Linguistics
7 (8): 191–216.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
San Martin, A., and Marie-Claude
L’Homme. 2014. “Definition Patterns for Predicative Terms in Specialized Lexical Resources.” In
Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC’14). (Reykjavik, Iceland) European Language Resources Association (ELRA), May 2014, edited by
Nicoletta
Calzolari, Khalid
Choukri, Thierry
Declerck, Hrafn
Loftsson, Bente
Maegaard, Joseph
Mariani, Asuncion
Moreno, Jan
Odijk, and Stelios
Piperidis.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Santini, Marina, and Serge
Sharoff, eds.. 2007. Proceedings of the CL 2007 Colloquium: Towards a Reference Corpus of Web Genres. Birmingham, UK.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Seppälä, Selja, Alan
Ruttenberg, and Barry
Smith. 2016. “The Functions of Definitions in Ontologies.” In
Formal Ontology in Information Systems: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference (FOIS 2016), July 6–9 2016, Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications, vol. 283, edited by
Roberta
Ferrario and Werner
Kuhn, 37–50. Annecy, France: IOS Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Schmitt, Norbert. 2000. Vocabulary in Language Teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Schmitt, Norbert, and Diane
Schmitt. 2014. “A reassessment of frequency and vocabulary size in L2 vocabulary teaching.” Language Teaching
47 (04): 484–503. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Sutarsyah, Cucu, Nation, I. S.
Paul, and Graeme
Kennedy. 1994. “How Useful is EAP Vocabulary for ESP? A Corpus Based Study.” RELC Journal
25 (2): 34–50. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Seretny, Anna. 1998. Definicje i definiowanie. Cracow: Zakład Wydawniczy “NOMOS”.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Schul, James E., and Gregory E.
Hamot. 2011. “An Engaged Pragmatist: Uncovering and Assessing Ernest Horn’s View of Moral Education.” Journal of Social Studies Research
35 (2): 277–298.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Shaw, Claire. 2013. Is English Still the Dominant Language of Higher Education? – Live Chat. The Guardian. Accessed September 2, 2017. https://www.theguardian.com/higher-education-network/2013/feb/13/english-language-international-higher-education
Simpson, John A.
1990. “English Lexicography After Johnson to 1945.” In
Wörterbücher Dictionaries Dictionnaires. An International Encyclopedia of Lexicography. 2 vol., (1989–91), edited by
Franz J.
Hausmann, Oskar
Reichmann, Herbert E.
Wiegand, and Ladislav
Zgusta, 1953–1966. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Sinclair, John M.
1984. “Naturalness in Language.” In
Corpus Linguistics. Recent Developments in the Use of Computer Corpora in English Language Research, edited by
Jan
Aarts and Willem
Meijs, 203–10. Amsterdam: Rodopi.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Sinclair, John M.
ed.. 1987. Looking Up: An account of the COBUILD Project in lexical computing and the development of the Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary. London: Collins ELT.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Sinclair, John M.
1991. Corpus, Concordance, Collocation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Sin-Wai, Chan. 2015. “Computer-Aided Translation: Major Concepts.” In
Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Technology, edited by
Sin-Wai
Chan, 32–67. London: Routledge.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Smith, Richard C.
ed.. 2003. “Introduction.” In
Teaching English as a Foreign Language, 1912–1936. Pioneers of ELT. Volume III Michael West, ix–xxvi. London and New York: Routledge.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Smith, Richard C.
2015. Lawrence Faucett’s Life and Career. Accessed March 6, 2018. https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/al/research/collections/elt_archive/halloffame/faucett/life
Snider, James G., and Charles E.
Osgood, ed.. 1969. Semantic Differential Technique: A Sourcebook. Chicago: Aldine.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Sobkowiak, Włodzimierz, and Marek
Kuczyński. 2002. “Phonetics and Ideology of Defining Vocabularies.” In
EURALEX’ 2002 Proceedings, Copenhagen, 13–17 August 2002, edited by
Anna
Braasch and C.
Povlsen, 495–502. Copenhagen: Center fro Sprogteknologi.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Staehr, Lars S.
2009. “Vocabulary Knowledge and Advanced Listening Comprehension in English as a Foreign Language.” Studies in Second Language Acquisition
31 (4): 577–607. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Stein, Gabriele. 1979. “The Best of British and American Lexicography.” Dictionaries
1:1–23. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Stein, Gabriele. 1989. “Recent Developments in EFL Dictionaries.” In
Learners’ Dictionaries: State of the Art, edited by
Makhan L.
Tickoo, 10–41. Singapore: SEAMEO Regional Language Centre.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Stein, Gabriele. 2002a. Better Words. (selected essays by
G.
Stein
on Dictionary Criticism). Exeter: University of Exeter Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Stein, Gabriele. 2002b. Developing Your English Vocabulary. A Systematic New Approach. Tübingen: Stauffenburg Verlag.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Stein, Gabriele. 2016. “Some Thoughts on the Issue of Core Vocabularies. A Response to Vaclav Brezina and Dana Gablasova: ‘Is There a Core General Vocabulary?’ Introducing the New General Service List.” Applied Linguistics
38(5): 759–763.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Stubbs, Michael. 1986. “Language development, lexical competence and nuclear vocabulary.” Educational Linguistics, edited by
Michael
Stubbs, 98–115. Oxford: Blackwell.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Summers, Della. 1988. “English Language Teaching Dictionaries: Past, Present, and Future.” English Today
4 (2): 10–16. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Svensén, Bo. 1993. Practical Lexicography: Principles and Methods of Dictionary-Making. Oxford: Oxford University Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Swanepoel, Piet. 1994. “Problems, Theories and Methodologies in Current Lexicographic Semantic Research.” In
EURALEX 1994 Proceedings. Papers submitted to the 6th EURALEX International Congress on Lexicography in Amsterdam (Vrije Universiteit) 1994, edited by
Willy
Martin, Willem
Meijs, and Margreet
Moerland, 11–26. Amsterdam.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Sweet, Henry. 1899. “The Practical Study of Languages: A Guide for Teachers and Learners.” London: J. M.
Dent. [Reprinted 2003. Lexicography Critical Concepts. vol. 2, edited by Reinhard R.K. Hartmann, 257–268. London: Routledge.]![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Šcerba, Lev. 1995. “Towards a General Theory of Lexicography.” (translated by
Farina, D.) International Journal of Lexicography
8 (4): 305–349.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Taylor, John R.
1995. Linguistic categorization. Prototypes in linguistic theory. Oxford: Clarendon Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Thorndike, Edward L.
1921. The Teacher’s Word Book. Columbia University: Teachers College.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Thorndike, Edward L., and Irving
Lorge. 1944. The Teacher’s Word Book of 30,000 Words. Oxford: Bureau of Publications, Teachers Co.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Thouin, Benoît. 1982. “The Meteo System.” In
Practical Experience of Machine Translation: Proceedings of Translating and the Computer 1981, edited by
Veronica
Lawson, 39–44.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Tickoo, Makhan L.
2008. Harold E. Palmer: From Learner-teacher to Legend. Hydrabad: Orient Longman.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Tomaszczyk, Jerzy. 1979. Dictionaries: Users and Uses, Glottodidactica
12: 103–19.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Tono, Yukio. 1989. “Can a Dictionary Help One Read Better?” In
Lexicographers and their Works. (Exeter Linguistic Studies Volume 14), edited by
Gregory
James, 192–200. University of Exeter.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Trask, Robert L.
1996. Historical Linguistics. London: Arnold.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Trier, Jost. 1931. Der Deutsche Wortschatz im Sinnbezirk des Verstandes: Die Geschichte eines Sprachlichen Feldes I. Von den Anfängen bis zum Beginn des 13. Jhdts. Heidelberg: Winter.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Ungerer, Friedrich, and Hans-Jörg
Schmid. 2006. An Introduction to Cognitive Linguistics. Harlow: Pearson Longman.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
VOA Special English Word Book A–Z. 2009. Washington, D.C. www.VOASpecialEnglish.com.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
WaCKy. 2017. The ukWaC unigrams (lemmas). Accessed May 10, 2017. https://wacky.sslmit.unibo.it/doku.php?id=frequency_lists.
Waring, Rob, and Misako
Takaki. 2003. “At What Rate Do Learners Learn and Retain New Vocabulary from Reading a Graded Reader?” Reading in a Foreign Language
15 (2): 130–163.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Webb, Stuart. 2007. “The Effects of Repetition on Vocabulary Knowledge.” Applied Linguistics
28 (1): 46–65. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Webb, Stuart, Paul I. S.
Nation. 2008. “Evaluating the Vocabulary Load of Written Text.” TESOLANZ Journal
16: 1–10.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Weinreich, Uriel. 1980. On Semantics. Edited by
William
Labov and Beatrice S.
Weinreich. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Wekker, Herman, and Phil
Hyams. 1979. “De Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English.” Review Article. Levende Talen
342: 406–417.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
West, Michael. 1926. Bilingualism (with Special Reference to Bengal). Calcutta: Government of India. (Reprinted in: Richard C. Smith. ed. 2003. Vol. 3, 1–392).![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
West, Michael. 1927a. The Construction of Reading Material for Teaching a Foreign Language. London: Oxford University Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
West, Michael. 1927b. The New Method Readers for Students of English. Longmans, Green and Co.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
West, Michael. 1935. Definition Vocabulary. Bulletin no. 4 of the Department of Educational Research. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
West, Michael. 1953. A General Service List of English Words with Semantic Frequencies and a Supplementary Word-List for the Writing of Popular Science and Technology (GSL). London: Longmans.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
West, Michael. 1954. “Vocabulary Selection and the Minimum Adequate Vocabulary.” English Language Teaching
8 (4): 121–126. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
West, Michael. 1960. Teaching English in Difficult Circumstances: Teaching English as a Foreign Language with Notes on the Technique of Textbook Constructions. London: Longmans, Green.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
West, Michael, E.
Swenson, K. M.
Fawkes, F. L.
Russell, and Wilf J.
de Magellanes. 1934. A Critical Examination of Basic English. Bulletin of Department of Educational Research, University of Toronto, 2: 1–53.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Whitcut, Janet. 1978. “Lexicography in Controlled Vocabulary.” Paper presented at the AILA conference. Montreal
1978.
Whitcut, Janet. 1986. “The Training of Dictionary Users.” In
Lexicography An Emerging International Profession, edited by
Robert
Ilson, 111–122. London: Manchester University Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Whitcut, Janet. 1988. “Lexicography in Simple Language.” International Journal of Lexicography
1 (1): 49–55. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Wiegand, Herbert E.
1994. “Elements of a Theory Toward a So-called Lexicographic Definition.” In
Wiegand, Herbert E.
1999. Semantics and Lexicography. Selected Studies (1976–1996), 203–282, edited by
Antje
Immken and Werner
Wolski. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Wingate, Ursula. 2002. The Effectiveness of Different Learner Dictionaries. An Investigation into the Use of Dictionaries for Reading Comprehension by Intermediate Learners of German. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Widdowson, H. G.
1968. “The Teaching of English Through Science.” In
Language in Education, edited by
Julian
Dakin, Brian
Tiffen, and H. G.
Widdowson. London: Oxford University Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Wierzbicka, Anna. 1972. Semantic Primitives. Frankfurt.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Wierzbicka, Anna. 1985. Lexicography and Conceptual Analysis. Ann Arbor: Karoma Publishers, Inc.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Wierzbicka, Anna. 1996. Semantic Primes and Universals. Oxford: Oxford University Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Wierzbicka, Anna. 2003. Cross-Cultural Pragmatics: The Semantics of Human Interaction. 2nd ed. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Wierzbicka, Anna. 2014. Imprisoned in English. The Hazards of English as a Default Language. New York: Oxford University Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Wilks, Yorick, Dan
Fass, Cheng-ming
Guo, James E.
McDonald, Tony
Plate, and Brian M.
Slator. 1988. “Machine Tractable Dictionaries as Tools and Resources for Natural Language Processing.” In
Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling-88) Budapest, Vol. 2, 750–755, Association for Computational Linguistics. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Williams, Christopher. 2004. “Legal English and Plain Language: An introduction.” ESP Across Cultures
1: 111–124.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Wojcik, Richard H.
2006. “Controlled Languages.” In
Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics, 2nd ed., edited by
Keith
Brown, Anne
Anderson, Laurie
Bauer, Margie
Berns, Jim
Miller, and Graeme
Hirst, 136–142. Oxford: Elsevier. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Xiao, Richard. 2008. “Well-known and influential corpora.” In
Corpus Linguistics: An International Handbook, Vol. 1, edited by
Anke
Lüdeling and Merja
Kytö, 383–456. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Xu, Hai. 2012. “A Critique of the Controlled Defining Vocabulary in Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English.” Lexikos
22: 367–381. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Xue, Guoyi, and Paul I. S.
Nation. 1984. “A University Word List.” Language Learning and Communication
3 (2): 215–229.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Youngblood, Alison M., and Keith S.
Folse. 2017. “Survey of Corpus-Based Vocabulary Lists for TESOL Classes.” MEXTESOL Journal
41 (1): 1–15.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Zakaluk, Beverley L., and S. Jay
Samuels. 1996. “Issues Related to Text Comprehensibility: The Future of Readability.” Revue Québécoise de Linguistique
25 (1): 41–59. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Zarechnak, Michael. 2000. “The early days of GAT-SLC.” In
Early Years in Machine Translation. Memoirs and Biographies of Pioneers, edited by
W. John
Hutchins, 111–128. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Zipf, George K.
1935. The Psycho-Biology of Language: An Introduction to Dynamic Philology. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Żmigrodzki, Piotr. 2003. Wprowadzenie do leksykografii polskiej. Katowice: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)