Dictionaries
Printed dictionaries
Allen, Robert E. 1990. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Current English. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (COD8)Google Scholar
Anderson, Sandra, Lynda Carey, Kay Cullen, Serenella Flackett, Alice Grandison, eds. 1998. The Chambers Dictionary. Edinburgh: Chambers Harrap Publishers. (Chambers9)Google Scholar
Bailey, Nathaniel. 1721. An Universal Etymological English Dictionary. London.Google Scholar
Bańko, Miroslaw, ed. 2000. Inny Słownik Języka Polskiego PWN. [A Different Dictionary of the Polish Language PWN]. Vol. 1–2. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.Google Scholar
Berube, Margery S. 1982. The American Heritage Dictionary. Second College Edition. Boston: Houhgton Mifflin Co. (AHD)Google Scholar
Brookes, Ian, ed. 2003. The Chambers Dictionary. New 9th edition. – Edinburgh: Chambers Harrap Publishers. (Chambers 9new)Google Scholar
Bullokar, John. 1616. An English Expositor. London.Google Scholar
Cawdrey, Robert. 1604. A Table Alphabeticall. London.Google Scholar
Cockeram, Henry. 1623. The English Dictionarie: Or, an Interpreter of Hard English Words. London.Google Scholar
Cowie, Anthony P., ed. 1989. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English, 4th edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (OALD4)Google Scholar
Crowther, Jonathan, ed. 1995. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English, 5th edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (OALD5)Google Scholar
Davidson, Thomas, ed. 1901. Chambers’s Twentieth Century Dictionary of the English Language. Edinburgh: W & R. Chambers.Google Scholar
Deuter, Margaret, Jennifer Bradbery, Joanna Turnbull, eds. 2015. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English, 9th edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (OALD9)Google Scholar
Dubisz, Stanislaw, ed. 2003. Uniwersalny Słownik Języka Polskiego. [Universal Dictionary of the Polish Language] (4 volumes). Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.Google Scholar
Donald, James, ed. 1867. Chambers’s Etymological Dictionary of the English Language. Edinburgh: W. & R. Chambers. (CED)Google Scholar
Flood, Walter E., and Michael West. 1952. An Explaining and Pronouncing Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Words. Longmans.Google Scholar
. 1953. “Supplementary Scientific and Technical Vocabulary” In A General Service List of English Words with Semantic Frequencies and a Supplementary Word–List for the Writing of Popular Science and Technology, edited by Michael West, 583–588. London: Longmans.Google Scholar
Fowler, Henry W., and Francis G. Fowler. 1911. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Current English. Oxford: Clarendon Press. (COD1)Google Scholar
Fowler, Henry W., Herbert G. Le Mesurier, and Edward McIntosh. 1934. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Current English. Oxford: University Press. (COD3)Google Scholar
Funk, Isaac K., ed. 1893–1895. A Standard Dictionary of the English Language. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.Google Scholar
Gay, Heather, Brian O’Kill, Katherine Seed, Janet Whitcut. 1984. Longman Dictionary of the English Language. Second Edition. Harlow: Longman. (LDEL)Google Scholar
Gove, Phillip B., ed. 1961. Webster’s Third New International Dictionary of the English Language Unabridged. Springfield: G. & C. Merriam. (Third New International)Google Scholar
Guralnik, David. 1972. Webster’s New World Dictionary of the American Language: Compact School and Office Edition. New York: World Publishing. (WNWD)Google Scholar
Hanks, Patrick. 1979. Collins English Dictionary. London: Collins. (CoED)Google Scholar
Hornby, Albert Sydney, and Anthony P. Cowie, eds. 1974. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English, 3rd edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (OALD3)Google Scholar
Hornby, Albert Sydney, Edward V. Gatenby, Harold Wakefield, eds. 1942. Idiomatic and Syntactic English Dictionary. Tokyo: Kaitakusha. (ISED)Google Scholar
, eds. 1948. A Learner’s Dictionary of Current English, 1st edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (ALD1)Google Scholar
, eds. 1963. The Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English, 2nd edition. London: Oxford University Press. (ALD2)Google Scholar
Hornby, Albert S., and Eric C. Parnwell. 1952a. The Progressive English Dictionary. London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
. 1952b. An English Reader’s Dictionary. London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Ilson, Robert. 1983. “Etymological Information: Can it Help our Students?ELT Journal 37, no. 1: 76–82. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 1984. Reader’s Digest Great Illustrated Dictionary. 2 vols. London: Reader’s Digest. (GID)Google Scholar
Johnson, Samuel. 1755. A Dictionary of the English Language. London: W. Strahan. (Johnson)Google Scholar
Kaeding, Friedrich Wilhelm. 1898. Häufigkeitwörterbuch der Deutschen Sprache. E.S. Mittler & Sohn: Selbstverlag des Herausgebers.Google Scholar
Kersey, John. 1708. Dictionarium Anglo-Britannicum: Or a General English Dictionary. London.Google Scholar
Kirkpatrick, Elizabeth. 1980. The Chambers Universal Learners’ Dictionary: International Students’ Edition. Edinburgh: W & R Chambers. (CULD)Google Scholar
Marr, Vivian, ed. 2011. The Chambers Dictionary. 12th edition. Edinburgh: Chambers Harrap Publishers. (Chambers12)Google Scholar
Marvick, Karen C. et al.. 2014. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, 6th edition. Harlow: Pearson Longman. (LDOCE6)Google Scholar
Mayor, Michael, ed. 2009. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, 5th edition. Harlow: Pearson Longman. (LDOCE5)Google Scholar
McIntosh, Colin, ed. 2013. Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 4th edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (CALD4)Google Scholar
Mish, Frederick. 1983. Webster’s Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary. 9th edition. Springfield: Merriam-Webster Inc. (Collegiate9)Google Scholar
. 1993. Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary. 10th edition. Springfield: Merriam-Webster Inc. (Collegiate10)Google Scholar
. 2003. Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary. 11th edition. Springfield: Merriam-Webster Inc. (Collegiate11)Google Scholar
Mosiołek-Kłosińska, Katarzyna, and Anna Ciesielska. 2001. W kilku słowach. Słownik frazeologiczny języka polskiego. [In a Few Words. A Phraseological Dictionary of Polish Idioms] Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Szkolne PWN.Google Scholar
Murray, James A. H. 1888. “Preface to Volume I. A and B” In A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles; Founded Mainly on the Materials Collected by the Philological Society, edited by James A. H. Murray et al.. Oxford: The Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Murray, James A. H., Henry Bradley, William A. Craigie, Charles T. Onions. 1933. The Oxford English Dictionary, Being a Corrected Re-issue with an Introduction, Supplement, and Bibliography of A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles. Oxford: The Clarendon Press. (OED)Google Scholar
Pawelec, Radoslaw. 1999. Wieża Babel. Słownik Wyrazów Obcych Nie Tylko Dla Gimnazjalisty. [Tower of Babel. A Dictionary of Borrowed Words, Not Only for Secondary School Pupils]. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Szkolne PWN.Google Scholar
Pearsall, Judy, ed. 1998. The New Oxford Dictionary of English. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (ODE1/NODE)Google Scholar
. 1999. Concise Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford: University Press. (COD10)Google Scholar
Pearsall, Judy, and Patrick Hanks, eds. 2003. Oxford Dictionary of English. 2nd edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (ODE2)Google Scholar
Pearsall, Judy, and Bill Trumble. 1996. Oxford English Reference Dictionary. 2nd edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (OERD)Google Scholar
Perrault, Stephen J. 2008. Merriam-Webster’s Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary, 1st edition. Springfield: Merriam-Webster. (MWALED)Google Scholar
Phillips, Edward. 1671 [1658]. The New World of English Words, 3rd edition. London.Google Scholar
Procter, Paul, ed. 1978. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, 1st edition. Harlow: Longman. (LDOCE1)Google Scholar
, ed. 1995. Cambridge International Dictionary of English. 1st edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (CALD1/CIDE)Google Scholar
Richards, Jack C. and Richard Schmidt. 2010. Longman Dictionary of Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics. 4th ed. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited.Google Scholar
Rundell, Michael, ed. 2002. Macmillan English Dictionary for Advanced Learners. 1st edition. Oxford: Macmillan Education. (MEDAL1)Google Scholar
, ed. 2007. Macmillan English Dictionary for Advanced Learners. 2nd edition. Oxford: Macmillan Education. (MEDAL2)Google Scholar
Schwarz, Catherine, et al.. eds. 1988. Chambers English Dictionary. 7th edition. Edinburgh: W & R Chambers. (Chambers7)Google Scholar
. eds. 1993. The Chambers Dictionary. Edinburgh: Chambers Harrap Publishers. (Chambers8)Google Scholar
Schwarz, Catherine, ed. 1998. The Chambers Dictionary. Edinburgh: Chambers Harrap Publishers. (Chambers9)Google Scholar
Sinclair, John, ed. 1987. Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary. 1st edition. London and Glasgow: HarperCollins. (COBUILD1)Google Scholar
, ed. 1988. Collins Cobuild Essential English Dictionary. London: Collins. (CCEED)Google Scholar
, ed. 1995. Collins COBUILD English Dictionary. 2nd edition. London: HarperCollins. (COBUILD2)Google Scholar
, ed. 2001. Collins COBUILD English Dictionary for Advanced Learners. 3rd edition. London: HarperCollins. (COBUILD3)Google Scholar
, ed. 2003. Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary. 4th edition. Glasgow: HarperCollins. (COBUILD4)Google Scholar
, ed. 2006. Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary. 5th edition. London and Glasgow: HarperCollins. (COBUILD5)Google Scholar
, ed. 2009. Collins COBUILD Advanced Dictionary. 6th edition. London and Glasgow: HarperCollins. (COBUILD6)Google Scholar
, ed. 2012. Collins COBUILD Advanced Dictionary of English. 7th edition. London and Glasgow: HarperCollins. (COBUILD7)Google Scholar
Sinclair, J. ed. 2014. Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 8th edition. London and Glasgow: HarperCollins. (COBUILD8)Google Scholar
Stevenson, Angus, and Maurice Waite. 2011. Concise Oxford English Dictionary. 12th edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (COD12)Google Scholar
Summers, Della, ed. 1995. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, 3rd edition. Harlow: Longman. (LDOCE3)Google Scholar
, ed. 2003. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, 4th edition. Harlow: Longman. (LDOCE4)Google Scholar
Summers, Della, and Michael Rundell, eds. 1987. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, 2nd edition. Harlow: Longman. (LDOCE2)Google Scholar
Sykes, John B. 1976. The Concise Oxford Dictonary of Current English. Oxford: University Press. (COD6)Google Scholar
1982. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Current English. Oxford: University Press. (COD7)Google Scholar
Thompson, Della. 1995. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Current English. Oxford: University Press. (COD9)Google Scholar
Turnbull, Joanna, ed. 2010. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English, 8th edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (OALD8)Google Scholar
Urdang, Laurence. 1966. The Random House Dictionary of the English Language. New York: Random House.Google Scholar
Walter, Elizabeth, ed. 2005. Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 2nd edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (CALD2)Google Scholar
, ed. 2008. Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 3rd edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (CALD3)Google Scholar
Webster, Noah. 1864. An American Dictionary of the English Language. Royal quarto edition. Revised by Chauncey A. Goodrich and Noah Porter. Springfield: G.&C. Merriam. (Webster-Mahn)Google Scholar
Wehmeier, Sally, ed. 2000. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English, 6th edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (OALD6)Google Scholar
, ed. 2005. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English, 7th edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (OALD7)Google Scholar
West, Michael, and James G. Endicott, eds. 1956 [1935]. The New Method English Dictionary. London: Longmans, Green. (NMED)Google Scholar
West, Michael. 1965. An International Reader’s Dictionary. Longman.Google Scholar
Williams, Alexander M. 1903. Collins’ Graphic English Dictionary. London.Google Scholar
Worcester, Joseph Emerson. 1860. A Dictionary of the English Language. Boston: Hickling, Swan, and Brewer. (Worcester)Google Scholar
Dictionaries on CD-ROM/DVDs
Deuter, Margaret, Jennifer Bradbery, Joanna Turnbull, eds. 2014. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English, DVD-ROM, New 9th edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (OALD9)Google Scholar
Mayor, Michael, ed. 2009. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, DVD-ROM, 5th edition. Harlow: Pearson Longman. (LDOCE5)Google Scholar
McIntosh, Colin, ed. 2013. Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. DVD-ROM, 4th edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (CALD4)Google Scholar
Rundell, Michael, ed. 2007. Macmillan English Dictionary for Advanced Learners. CD-ROM. 2nd edition. Oxford: Macmillan Education. (MEDAL2)Google Scholar
Simpson, John, and Edmund S. C. Weiner, eds. 2009. Oxford English Dictionary. Third Edition on CD-ROM. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Sinclair, John, ed. 2003. Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary, CD-ROM, 4th edition. Glasgow: HarperCollins. (COBUILD4)Google Scholar
Summers, Della, ed. 2005. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, Writing Assistant Edition CD-ROM. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited. (LDOCE4)Google Scholar
Walter, Elizabeth, ed. 2008. Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. DVD-ROM, 3rd edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (CALD3)Google Scholar
Wehmeier, Sally, ed. 2005. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English, CD-ROM, 7th edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (OALD7)Google Scholar
Online dictionaries
Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. Accessed December 10, 2019. https://dictionary.cambridge.org/pl/dictionary/
Collins COBUILD Advanced Dictionary of English. Accessed December 10, 2019. https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/
Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English. Accessed December 10, 2019. https://www.ldoceonline.com/
Macmillan English Dictionary for Advanced Learners. Accessed December 15, 2019. https://www.macmillandictionary.com/
Merriam-Webster’s Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary. Accessed December 4, 2019. https://learnersdictionary.com/
Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. Accessed December 25, 2019. https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/
Other literature
Aarts, Bas, April MacMahon. 2006. The Handbook of English Linguistics. Oxford: Blackwell. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Abecassis, Michaël. 2007. “Is Lexicography Making Progress? On Dictionary Use and Language Learners’ Needs.” Lexikos 17: 247–258.Google Scholar
Adamska-Sałaciak, Arleta. 2007. Review of Historical Dictionaries and Historical Dictionary Research: Papers from the International Conference on Historical Lexicography and Lexicology, at the University of Leicester, 2002. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer, edited by Julie Coleman and Anne McDermott. International Journal of Lexicography, 20 (2): 182–188. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2010a. “Examining Equivalence.” International Journal of Lexicography 23(4): 387–409. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2010bWhy we need bilingual learners’ dictionaries.” English Learners’ Dictionaries at the DSNA 2009, edited by Ilan J. Kernerman and Paul Bogaards, 121–37. TelAviv: K Dictionaries.Google Scholar
. 2012. “Dictionary Definitions: Problems and Solutions.” Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis 129 Supplementum: 323–339.Google Scholar
. 2014. “Bilingual Lexicography: Translation Dictionaries.” International Handbook of Modern Lexis and Lexicography, edited by Patrick Hanks and Gilles-Maurice de Schryver, 1–11. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Aisenstadt, Ester. 1979. “Collocability Restrictions in Dictionaries.” Dictionaries and Their Users: Papers from the 1978 B.A.A.L. Seminar on Lexicography, edited by Reinhard R. K. Hartmann, 71–74. Exeter: University of Exeter.Google Scholar
Aitchison, Jean. 1986. “The Gobbledygook Syndrome.” English Today: The International Review of the English Language 5, January–March: 7–9. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Allan, Keith. 1986. Linguistic Meaning Vol. 1. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Allen, Jeffrey. 1995. Review of the Caterpillar KANT English-French MT System, Internal Technical Report, Peoria, IL: Technical Information Department, Caterpillar Inc.Google Scholar
Allen, Robert. 1996. The Big Four. English Today, 12 (2): 41–55. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Anthony, Laurence. 2012. AntWordProfiler (Version 1.4.0) [Computer Software]. Tokyo, Japan: Waseda University. Accessed October 1, 2019, www.antlab.sci.waseda.ac.jp/Google Scholar
Apresjan, Jurij. D. 1972. “Definiowanie znaczeń leksykalnych jako zagadnienie semantyki teoretycznej.” In Semantyka i słownik, edited by Anna Wierzbicka, 39–58. Wroclaw: Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich.Google Scholar
1995. Semantyka leksykalna. Synonimiczne środki jezyka. Wroclaw: Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich Wydawnictwo.Google Scholar
(ASD-STE100) 2017. ASD Simplified Technical English Specification ASD-STE100. Access October 2, 2018, http://www.asd-ste100.org/index.html
Atkins, Beryl T. S. 1985. “Monolingual and bilingual learners’ dictionaries: A comparison”. In Dictionaries, Lexicography and Language Learning, edited by Robert Ilson, 15–24. Oxford: Pergamon Press.Google Scholar
Atkins, Beryl T. S., Charles J. Fillmore, and Christopher R. Johnson. 2003. “Lexicographic Relevance: Selecting Information from Corpus Evidence.” International Journal of Lexicography 16 (3): 251–80. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Atkins, Beryl T. S., Michael Rundell. 2008. The Oxford Guide to Practical Lexicography. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Ayto, John. 1984. “The Vocabulary of Definitions.” In Theoretische und Practische Probleme der Lexicographie, edited by Dieter Götz and Thomas Herbst, Munich: Max Hueber Verlag.Google Scholar
Baker, Mona. 1992. In Other Words: A Course Book on Translation. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Bańko, Miroslaw. 2001. Z pogranicza leksykografii i językoznawstwa. Studia o słowniku jednojęzycznym. Warsaw: Wydzial Polonistyki Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego.Google Scholar
Bańko Miroslaw. 2006. “Circulus vitiosus - circulus odiosus. Uwagi o cyrkularnosci w definicjach słownikowych.” Manuscula linguistica. In honorem Alexandrae Cieslikowa oblata, edited by Kazimierz Rymut et al., 21–34. Cracow: Instytut Jezyka Polskiego PAN.Google Scholar
Bańko, Miroslaw. 2010. “The Polish COBUILD and its Influence on Polish Lexicography.” In A Way with Words: Recent Advances in Lexical Theory and Analysis. A Festschrift for Patrick Hanks, edited by Gilles-Maurice de Schryver, 323–332. Kampala 2010 (Menha Linguistic Series).Google Scholar
Bańko, Miroslaw, Magdalena Majdak, Maciej Czeszewski. eds.. 2011. Słowniki dawne i wspólczesne. Internetowy przewodnik edukacyjny. Accessed August 20, 2017, http://www.leksykografia.uw.edu.pl/slowniki/25/slownik-jezyka-polskiego-warszawa-1978–1981
Barnhart, Clarence L. 1962. “Problems in Editing Commercial Monolingual Dictionaries.” In Problems in Lexicography, edited by Fred W. Householder and Sol Saporta, 161–81. Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University.Google Scholar
Baroni, Marco. 2006. “Distributions in Text.” In Corpus Linguistics: An International Handbook, edited by Anke Lüdeling and Merja Kytö, 803–821. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Baroni, Marco, Silvia Bernardini, Adriano Ferraresi, Eros Zanchetta. 2009. “The WaCky wide web: a collection of very large linguistically processed web-crawled corpora.” Language Resources and Evaluation 43. Springer Science+Business Media B.V.: 209–226.Google Scholar
Battenburg, John D. 1994. “Pioneer in English Lexicography for Language Learners: Michael Philip West.” Dictionaries. Journal of The Dictionary Society of North America. No. 15, Cleveland: Cleveland State University: 132–148.Google Scholar
Bauer, Laurie and Paul Nation. 1993. “Word Families.” International Journal of Lexicography 6 (4): 253–279. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Bauman, John. 2018a. About the General Service List. Accessed February 24, 2018, http://jbauman.com/aboutgsl.html#1953
. 2018b. About the University Word List. Accessed February, 2018, http://jbauman.com/aboutUWL.html
Beekman, John and Callow, John. 1974. Translating the Word of God. Grand Rapids: Zondervan.Google Scholar
Béjoint, Henri. 1981. “The Foreign Student’s Use of Monolingual English Dictionaries: A Study of Language Needs and Reference Skills.” Applied Linguistics 2 (3): 207–222. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 1987. “The Value of the Dictionary in Vocabulary Acquisition.” In The Dictionary and the Language Learner, edited by Anthony P. Cowie, 97–104. Tübingen: Niemeyer. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2000. Modern Lexicography. An Introduction. Oxford: University Press.Google Scholar
Bell, Huw. 2013. “Core Vocabulary.” The Encyclopedia of Applied Sciences, edited by Carol A. Chapelle. Blackwell Publishing.Google Scholar
Bennett, Judith. 1993. “The Future of Plain Legal Language: Australia: A Case Study.” Second International Plain English Conference: Plain English Campaign (UK), London, 24–26 May 1993, Sydney: Centre for Plain Legal Language.
Benjamin, Martin. 2019. Teach You Backwards. Accessed October 17, 2020 https://www.teachyoubackwards.com/user/malangali/
de Bessé, B. 1990. “La Définition Terminologique.” In La Définition, edited by J. Charaud and F. Mazière, 252–262. Paris: Larousse.Google Scholar
Bhatia, Tej K. 2006. “Bilingualism and Second Language Learning.” In Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics, 2nd ed., edited by Keith Brown, Anne Anderson, Laurie Bauer, Margie Berns, Jim Miller, and Graeme Hirst, 16–22. Oxford: Elsevier. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Biber, Douglas, Stig Johansson, Geoffrey Leech, Susan Conrad, Edward Finegan. 1999. The Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English. London: Longman.Google Scholar
Biber, Douglas, Susan Conrad, Viviana Cortes. 2003. “Lexical bundles in speech and writing: An initial taxonomy.” In Corpus Linguistics by the Lune: A Festschrift for Geoffrey Leech, edited by Andrew Wilson, Paul Rayson, Tony McEnery, 71–92. Frankfurt/Main: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
Biber, D., Conrad, S. & Cortes, V. 2004. “If you look at … : Lexical Bundles in University Teaching and Textbooks.” Applied Linguistics, 25 (3), 371–405. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Biber, D. 2006. University Language. A Corpus-Based Study of Spoken and Written Registers. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Biden, James. 1843. “On Grammalogues. A letter to the editor of the Phonotypic Journal.” The Phonotypic Journal Nov. 1843, 2.Google Scholar
Black, Alison. 1986. The Effects on Comprehension and Memory of Providign Different Types of Definign Information for New Vocabulary: A Report on Two Experiments Conducted for Longman ELT Dictionaries and Reference Division. Cambridge: MRC Applied Pscyhology Unit (unpublished internal report).Google Scholar
Blake, Norman F. 1996. A History of the English Language. London: Macmillan Press Ltd. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Bogaards, Paul. 1991. “Dictionaries pédagogiques et apprentissage du vocabulaire.” Cahiers de Lexicologie, 59: 93–107.Google Scholar
. 1996. “Dictionaries for Learners of English.” International Journal of Lexicography 9 (4): 277–320. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 1998. “What Type of Words do Language Learners Look Up?Using Dictionaries, edited by Beryl T. Sue Atkins, 151–157. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2003. “MEDAL: A Fifth Dictionary for Learners of English.” International Journal of Lexicography 16 (1): 43–55. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2008. “Frequency in Learners’ Dictionaries.” In Proceedings of the XIII EURALEX International Congress, Barcelona, 15–19 July 2008, edited by Elisenda Bernal and Janet DeCesaris, 1231–1236. Barcelona: Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Institut Universitari de Lingüística Aplicada.Google Scholar
Bogaards, Paul and Willem A. van der Kloot. 2001. “The Use of Grammatical Information in Learners’ Dictionaries.” International Journal of Lexicography 14 (2): 97–121. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Bogaards, Paul, and Willem A. van der Kloot. 2002. “Verb Constructions in Learners’ Dictionaries” In Proceedings of the Tenth EURALEX International Congress (Vol. II), edited by Anna Braasch and Claus Povlsen, 747–757. Copenhagen: Center for Sprogteknologi.Google Scholar
Bogusławski, Andrzej. 1966. Semantyczne pojęcie liczebnika i jego morfologia w języku rosyjskim. Wroclaw: Ossolineum.Google Scholar
. 1970. “On Semantic Primitives and Meaningfulness.” In Signs, Language and Culture, edited by R. J. A. Greimas, R. Jakobson, M. R. Mayenowa, and S. Zółkiewski, 143–52. The Hague: Mouton.Google Scholar
Bongers, Herman. 1947. The History and Principles of Vocabulary Control. Parts 1 and 2. Woerden: Wocopi.Google Scholar
Brezina, Vaclav, and Dana Gablasova. 2015. “Is There a Core General Vocabulary? Introducing the New General Service List.” Applied Linguistics 36 (1): 1–22. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Browne, Charles. 2013. “The New General Service List: Celebration 60 Years of Vocabulary Learning.” The Language Teacher, 37 (4): 13–16.Google Scholar
. 2014. “The New General Service List Version 1.01: Getting Better All the Time.” Korea TESOL Journal 11 (1): 35–50.Google Scholar
Bullock, David. 2010. “NSM + LDOCE: A Non-Circular Dictionary of English.” International Journal of Lexicography 24 (2): 226–240. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2019. Learn These Words First. Accessed March 8, 2019. http://learnthesewordsfirst.com/about/what-is-a-multi-layer-dictionary.html
Bullon, Stephen, and Geoffrey Leech. 2007. “Longman Communication 3000 and the Longman Defining Vocabulary.” In Longman Communication 3000, edited by Stephen Bullon and Geoffrey Leech, 1–7. Harlow: Pearson Education.Google Scholar
Burkhanov, Igor. 1998. Lexicography A Dictionary of Basic Terminology. Rzeszów: Wydawnictwo Wyzszej Szkoly Pedagogicznej.Google Scholar
Campion, Mary E., and Warwick B. Elley. 1971. An Academic Vocabulary List. Wellington: New Zealand Council for Educational Research.Google Scholar
Carrol, John, Peter Davies, Barry Richman. 1971. The American Heritage Word Frequency Book. New York: American Heritage.Google Scholar
Carter, Ronald. 1986. “Core Vocabulary and Discourse in the Curriculum: A Question of the Subject.” RELC Journal 17 (1): 52–70. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2012. Vocabulary. Applied Linguistic Perspectives. Second edition. London: Routledge. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Carver, Ronald P. 1994. “Percentage of Unknown Vocabulary Words in Text as a Function of the Relative Difficulty of the Text: Implications for instruction.” Journal of Reading Behavior 26: 413–437. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Cheng, Yong. 2019. Joint Training for Neural Machine Translation. Singapore: Springer. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Chi, Man L. A. 2003. “Teaching Dictionary Skills in the Classroom.” In Lexicography. Critical Concepts. Vol. I, edited by Reinhard R. K. Hartmann, 355–369. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Chlebda, Wojciech. 2010. “W jakim zakresie słownik dwujęzyczny może być źródłem informacji etnolingwistycznej?” In Etnolingwistyka a leksykografia, edited by Wojciech Chlebda, 201–208. Opole: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Opolskiego.Google Scholar
Chruszczewski, Piotr P. 2006. “Ogden, Charles Kay (1889–1957).” In Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics, 2nd ed., edited by Keith Brown, Anne Anderson, Laurie Bauer, Margie Berns, Jim Miller, and Graeme Hirst, 18. Oxford: Elsevier. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Coady, James. 1997. “L2 Vocabulary Acquisition Through Extensive Reading.” In Second Language Vocabulary Acquisition: A Rationale for Pedagogy, edited by James Coady and Thomas Huckin, 225–237. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Coseriu, Eugenio. 1962. Teoría del Lenguaje y Lingüística General: Cinco Estudios. Madrid: Gredos.Google Scholar
Cowie, Anthony P. 1989. “Learners’ Dictionaries – Recent Advances and Developments.” In Learners’ Dictionaries: State of the Art, edited by Makhan L. Tickoo, 42–51. Singapore: SEAMEO.Google Scholar
1990. “Language as Words: Lexicography.” In An Encyclopedia of Language, edited by N. E. Collinge, 363–377. London and New York: RoutledgeGoogle Scholar
1998a. “A.S. Hornby: a Centenary Tribute.” In Proceedings of the 8th EURALEX International Congress, Liège, Belgium, edited by Thierry Fontenelle, Philippe Hiligsmann, Archibald Michiels, André Moulin, Siegried Theissen.Google Scholar
1998b. “A.S. Hornby, 1898–1998: A Centenary Tribute.” International Journal of Lexicograpy 11 (4).Google Scholar
1999a. English Dictionaries for Foreign Learners: A History. Oxford: University Press.Google Scholar
1999b. “Learner’s Dictionaries in a Historical and Theoretical Perspective.” In The Perfect Learners’ Dictionary (?), edited by Thomas Herbst and Kerstin Popp, 3–14. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2009. “The Earliest Foreign Learners’ Dictionaries.” In The Oxford History of English Lexicography. Vol. 2: Specialized Dictionaries, edited by Anthony P. Cowie, 385–411. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Coxhead, Averil. 2000. “A New Academic Word List.” TESOL Quarterly, 34 (2): 213–238. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Crabbe, Stephen. 2017. Controlling Language in Industry. Controlled Languages for Technical Documents. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Croft, William, Alan Cruse. 2004. Cognitive Linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Cruse, Alan. 1986. Lexical Semantics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
. 2004. Meaning in Language. An Introduction to Semantics and Pragmatics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Crystal, David. 2003. A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics. 5th ed. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.Google Scholar
. 1986. “The Ideal Dictionary, Lexicographer and User.” In Lexicography: An Emerging International Profession, edited by In Robert F. Ilson, 72–81. Manchester: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar
. 2006. “Into the Twenty-first Century.” In The Oxford History of English, edited by Lynda Mugglestone, 394–414. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Cumming, Geoff, Samantha Cropp, Ronald Sussex. 1994. “On-line Lexical Resources for Language Learners: Assessment of Some Approaches to Word Definition.” System 22(3): 369–377. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Cummins, Jim. 2008. “Teaching for Transfer: Challenging the Two Solitudes Assumption in Bilingual Education.” Encyclopedia of Language and Education, 2nd edition, Vol. 5: Bilingual Education, edited by Jim Cummins and Nancy H. Hornberger, 65–75. New York: Springer. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Curzan, Anne. 2000. “The Compass of the Vocabulary.” In Lexicography and the OED, edited by Lynda Mugglestone, 96–109. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Dancette, Jeanne. 2003. “Les Représentations Lexico-Sémantiques (RLS), Moyen de Structuration des Connaissances dans les Domaines Spécialisés,” ISKO-France, Grenoble, 1–16 [83–96].Google Scholar
Davies, Mark. 2012. Corpus of Contemporary American English (1990–2012). Accessed March 15, 2018. http://corpus.byu.edu/coca/
DeRocher, James E., Murray S. Miron, S. M. Patten, Charles C. Pratt. 1973. The Counting of Words: A Review of the History, Techniques and Theory of Word Counts with Annotated Bibliography. New York: Syracuse University Research Corp.Google Scholar
De Schryver, Gilles-Maurice. 2008. “Review of Patrick Hanks (ed.). Lexicology: Critical Concepts.” International Journal of Lexicography 21 (4): 419–438. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
De Schryver, Gilles-Maurice, and Daniel J. Prinsloo. 2011. “Do Dictionaries Define on the Level of Their Target Users? A Case Study for Three Dutch Dictionaries.” International Journal of Lexicography 24 (1): 5–28. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Dewey, Godfrey. 1923. Relative Frequency of English Speech Sounds. London: Harvard University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Dodd, Stuart C. 1955. “Model English.” In Machine Translation of Languages, edited by William N. Locke and Andrew D. Booth, 165–173. Cambridge: Technology Press of Massachusetts Institute of Technology.Google Scholar
Dolan, William, Stephen Richardson, Lucy Vanderwende. 1993. “Automatically Deriving Structured Knowledge Bases from On-line Dictionaries.” In Proceedings of the First Conference of the Pacific Association for Computational Linguistics, edited by Paul McFetridge and Fred Popowich, 5–14. Vancouver: Pacific Association for Computational Linguistics.Google Scholar
Duygu, Ataman, Matteo Negri, Marco Turchi, Marcello Federico. 2017. Linguistically Motivated Vocabulary Reduction for Neural Machine Translation from Turkish to English. The Prague Bulletin of Mathematical Linguistics 108: 331–342. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Dziemianko, Anna. 2004. “Verb Syntax in Monolingual English Learners’ Dictionaries: A Study of User-Friendliness” In Proceedings of the Eleventh EURALEX International Congress (Vol. II), Lorient, France. Universite de Bretagne-Sud, edited by Geoffrey Williams and Sandra Vessier: 683–691.
. 2012a. Noun and Verb Codes in English Monolingual Dictionaries for Foreign Learners: A Study of Usefulness in the Polish Context. Poznan: Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM.Google Scholar
. 2012b. “On the Use(fulness) of Paper and Electronic Dictionaries.” In Electronic Lexicography, edited by Sylviane Granger and Magali Paquot, 319–341. Oxford University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2012c. “Why One and Two do not Make Three: Dictionary Form Revisited.” Lexikos 22: 195–216. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Dziemianko, Anna, and Robert Lew. 2006. “Research into Dictionary Use by Polish Learners of English: Some Methodological Considerations.” In IFAtuation: A Life in IFA. A Festschrift for Professor Jacek Fisiak on the Occasion of His 70th Birthday. Poznan, edited by Katarzyna Dziubalska-Kolaczyk.Google Scholar
Eder, Maciej. 2017. “Visualization in Stylometry: Cluster Analysis Using Networks.” Digital Scholarship in the Humanities 32 (1): 50–64. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Eder, Maciej, Jan Rybicki, Mike Kestemont. 2016. “Stylometry with R: A Package for Computational Text Analysis.” The R Journal 8 (1): 107–121. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Ek, Jan Ate van 1975. The Threshold Level English in a European Unit/Credit System for Modern Language Learning by Adults. (Council of Europe Modern Languages Project). Strasbourg: Council of Europe.Google Scholar
Ek, Jan Ate van, L. G. Alexander, M. A. Fitzpatrick. 1980. Waystage English: An Intermediary Objective below Threshold Level in a European Unit/Credit System of Modern Language Learning by Adults. Oxford: Pergamon Press.Google Scholar
Ek, Jan Ate van, and John L. M. Trim. 1990a/1998a. Threshold 1990. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
. 1990b/1998b. Waystage 1990. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
. 2001. Vantage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Eldridge, R. C. 1911. Six Thousand Common English Words. Their Comparative Frequency and What Can Be Done With Them. New York: Niagara Falls.Google Scholar
Engels, L. K. 1968. The Fallacy of Word-Counts. IRAL, 6(3), 213–231.Google Scholar
English Oxford Living Dictionaries. 2017. Accessed September 10, 2017. https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/
Eunson, Baden. 1996. Writing in Plain English. New York: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Faucett, Lawrence, and Itsu Maki. 1932. A Study of English Word-Values, Statistically Determined from the Latest Extensive Word-Counts. Tokyo: Matsumura Sanshodo.Google Scholar
Faucett, Lawrence, Harold Palmer, Edward L. Thorndike, and Michael West. 1936. Interim Report on Vocabulary Selection. London: P.S. King and Son, Ltd.Google Scholar
Fellbaum, Christiane, ed.. 1998. WordNet: An Electronic Lexical Database. Cambridge: The MIT Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Ferraresi, Adriano, Eros Zanchetta, Marco Baroni, and Silvia Bernardini. 2008. “Introducing and Evaluating ukWaC, a Very Large Web-Derived Corpus of English.” In Proceedings of the 4th Web as Corpus Workshop (WAC-4) Can We Beat Google? Marrakech, Morrocco, 1 June 2008, edited by Stefan Evert, Adam Kilgarriff and Serge Sharoff. Accessed May, 4, 2017. http://webascorpus.sourceforge.net/
Fischer, Ute. 1991. “How Students Misunderstand Definitions: Some Evidence for Contextual Representations of Word Meanings.” In Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, Chicago, August 1991. Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Flood, Walter E., and Michael West. 1953. “Supplementary Scientific and Technical Vocabulary.” In A General Service List of English Words, edited by Michael West, 583–588. London: Longmans.Google Scholar
Flesch, Rudolf Franz. 1944. How Basic is Basic English? Harper’s Magazine: 339–43.Google Scholar
Fontenelle, Thierry. 1994. “What on Earth are Collocations?English Today 10 (4): 42–48. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2009. “Linguistic Research and Learners’ Dictionaries: the Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English.” In Oxford History of English Lexicography, edited by Anthony P. Cowie, 412–435. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Fox, Gwyneth. 1989. “A Vocabulary for Writing Dictionaries.” In Learners’ Dictionaries: State of the Art, edited by Makhan L. Tickoo, 153–171. Singapore: SEAMEO.Google Scholar
Francis, Winthrop N., and Henry Kucera. 1964. Manual of Information to Accompany A Standard Corpus of Present-Day Edited American English, for use with Digital Computers. Providence, Rhode Island: Department of Linguistics, Brown University. Revised 1971. Revised and amplified 1979.Google Scholar
. 1982. Frequency Analysis of English Usage: Lexicon and Grammar. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.Google Scholar
Friend, Joseph Harold. 1967. The Development of American Lexicography 1798–1864. The Hague: Mouton.Google Scholar
Fries, Charles C. and Traver, Alice A. 1963. English Word Lists. A Study of their Adaptability for Instruction. Ann Arbor: The George Wahr Publishing.Google Scholar
Gairns, Rurth, and Redman, Stuart. 1986. Working with Words: A Guide to Teaching and Learning Vocabulary. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Gao, Jun. 2012. “Basic Cognitive Experiences and Definitions in the Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English.” International Journal of Lexicography 26 (1): 58–89. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Gardner, Dee, and Mark Davies. 2013. “A New Academic Vocabulary List.” Applied Linguistics 35(3): 1–24.Google Scholar
Geeraerts, Dirk. 2003. “Meaning and Definitions”. In A Practical Guide to Lexicography, edited by Piet van Sterkenburg, 83–93. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2006a. “The Definitional Practice of Dictionaries and the Cognitive Semantic Conception of Polysemy.” Words and other Wonders. Papers on Lexical and Semantic Topics, edited by Dirk Geeraerts, 345–363. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2006b. “Prospects and Problems of Prototype Theory.” In Corpus Linguistics: Basic Readings, edited by Dirk Geeraerts, 141–166. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2010. Theories of Lexical Semantics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Ghadessy, Mohsen. 1979. “Frequency Counts, Word Lists and Materials Preparation: A New Approach.” English Teaching Forum 17 (1): 24–27.Google Scholar
Gill, Francis. 2015. “‘Hugh’s across all that’ Some changing uses of prepositions.” Corpora, Grammar and Discourse In honour of Susan Hunston, edited by Nicholas Groom, Maggie Charles, and Suganthi John, 73–96. John Benjamins Publishing Company. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Gilner, Leah. 2011. “A Primer on the General Service List.” Reading in a Foreign Language, 23 (1): 65–83.Google Scholar
Gilner, Leah, and Frank Morales. 2008. “Corpus-based Frequency Profiling: Migration to a Word List Based on the British National Corpus.” The Buckingham Journal of Language and Linguistics: 41–58.Google Scholar
Goddard, Cliff. 2010. “The Natural Semantic Metalanguage Approach.” The Oxford Handbook of Linguistic Analysis. Oxford: Oxford University Press: 459–484.Google Scholar
, ed.. 2018. Minimal English for a Global World. Improved Communication Using Fewer Words. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Goddard, Cliff, and Anna Wierzbicka, eds.. 2002. Meaning and Universal Grammar – Theory and Empirical Findings. Vols I and II. John Benjamins. DOI logo DOI logoGoogle Scholar
, eds.. 2014. Words and Meanings: Lexical Semantics across Domains, Languages and Cultures. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
. 2018. “Minimal English and How it can Add to Global English.” In Minimal English for a Global World. Improved Communication Using Fewer Words, edited by Cliff Goddard, 5–28. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Gordon, W. Terrence, ed.. 1994. C.K. Ogden and Linguistics. 5 volumes. London.Google Scholar
Gove, Phillip B. 1972. “English Dictionaries of the Future.” In New Aspects of Lexicography, edited by Howard D. Weinbrot, 152–170. London: Southern Illinois University Press.Google Scholar
Grabowski, Łukasz. 2015. Phraseology in English Pharmaceutical Discourse. A Corpus-Driven Study of Register Variation. Opole: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Opolskiego.Google Scholar
Greenbaum, Sidney, Charles F. Meyer, and John Taylor. 1984. “The Image of the Dictionary for American College Students.” Dictionaries 6: 31–52. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Grochowski, Maciej. 1993. Konwencje Semantyczne a Definiowanie Wyrażeń Językowych. Warszawa: Zakład Semiotyki Logicznej Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego.Google Scholar
Gries, Stefan Th. 2009. Quantitative Corpus Linguistics with R. Routledge: New York. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Grzegorczykowa, Renata. 2001. Wprowadzenie do Semantyki Jezykoznawczej. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.Google Scholar
Hancioglu, Nilgün, Steven Neufeld, and John Eldridge. 2008. “Through the Looking Glass and into the Land of Lexico-Grammar.” English for Specific Purposes 27: 459–79. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Hanks, Patrick. 1979. “To What Extent does a Dictionary Definition Define?” In Dictionaries and their Users, edited by Reinhard R. K. Hartmann. Exeter: University of Exeter, 32–38.Google Scholar
. 1987. “Definitions and Explanations.” In Looking up: An account of the COBUILD project in lexical computing, edited by John M. Sinclair, 116–136. London, Glasgow.Google Scholar
. 1990. ‘Evidence and Intuition in Lexicography’, In Meaning and Lexicography, edited by Jerzy Tomaszczyk and Barbara Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk, 31–41. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 1994. “Lexicography: Theory and Practice.” Dictionaries. 1992/3 (14): 97–112.Google Scholar
. 2005. “Johnson and Modern Lexicography.” International Journal of Lexicography 18 (2): 243–266. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2008. Lexicology: Critical Concepts. Abingdon: Routledge.Google Scholar
. 2009. Common Sense Blossoms in Springfield, MA. Review of Merriam-Webster’s Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary. Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster Inc, edited by Stephen J. Perrault, International Journal of Lexicography 22 (3).Google Scholar
. 2015. Cognitive Semantics and the Lexicon. Review Article. International Journal of Lexicography 28 (1): 86–106. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2019. Pattern Dictionary of English Verbs (PDEV). https://pdev.org.uk/
Hanks, Patrick, and James Pustejovsky. 2005. “A Pattern Dictionary for Natural Language Processing”. Revue Française de Linguistique Appliquée, 10 (2): 63–82. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Hartmann, Reinhard R. K. 1989. “Dictionaries of English: The User’s Perspective.” In Dictionaries. Prospects for the Record of Our Language, edited by Richard W. Bailey, 121–135. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
1993. “Recent trends in pedagogical lexicography: The case of the ‘bilingualised’ learner’s dictionary”. In Endangered Languages. Proceedings of XVth International Congress of Linguists, Québec, August 1992, edited by André Crochetière, Jean-Claude Boulanger, and Conrad Ouellette, 159–162. Québec: Les Presses de l’Université Laval.Google Scholar
Hartmann, Reinhard R. K., and Gregory James. 1998. Dictionary of Lexicography. London: Routledge. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Harvey, Keith, and Deborah Yuill. 1997. “A Study of the Use of a Monolingual Pedagogical Dictionary by Learners of English Engaged in Writing.” Applied Linguistics 18 (3): 253–278. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Heatley, Alex, Paul I. S. Nation, and Averil Coxhead. 2002. RANGE and FREQUENCY Programs. http://www.victoria.ac.nz/lals/staff/paul-nation.aspx.
Herbst, Thomas. 1986. “Defining with a Controlled Defining Vocabulary in Foreign Learners’ Dictionaries.” Lexicographica: International Annual for Lexicography 2: 101–119.Google Scholar
. 1996. “On the Way to the Perfect Learners’ Dictionary: A First Comparision of OALD5, LDOCE3, COBUILD2 and CIDE.” International Journal of Lexicography 9 (4): 321–357. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Hiles, Lorna. 2014. “Towards a Southern African English Defining Vocabulary.” Lexikos 24: 178–185. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Hindmarsh, Roland. 1980. The Cambridge English Lexicon. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hirsh, David. 1993. The vocabulary demands and vocabulary learning opportunities in short novels. Unpublished master’s thesis, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand.
Hirsh, David, and Paul I. S. Nation. 1992. “What Vocabulary Size is Needed to Read Unsimplified Texts for Pleasure?Reading in a Foreign Language, 8 (2): 689–696.Google Scholar
Horn, Ernest. 1926. A Basic Writing Vocabulary. Iowa City: State University of Iowa Monograph First Series No. 4.Google Scholar
Hornby, Albert S. 1938. “Report on the Year’s Work: Dictionary Problems.” IRET Bulletin 148: 20–8; 36.Google Scholar
Horst, Marlise, Tom Cobb, and Paul Meara. 1998. “Beyond a Clockwork Orange: Acquiring Second Language Vocabulary through Reading.” Reading in a Foreign Language 11: 207–223.Google Scholar
Howatt, Anthony Phillip R. 1984. A History of English Language Teaching. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
2006. “Language Teaching: History.” In Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics, 2nd ed., edited by Keith Brown, Anne Anderson, Laurie Bauer, Margie Berns, Jim Miller, and Graeme Hirst, 634–646. Oxford: Elsevier. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Hu, Marcella and Paul Nation. 2000. “Vocabulary Density and Reading ComprehensionReading in a Foreign Language, 13 (1): 403–430.Google Scholar
Huijsen, Willem. 1998. “Controlled Language – An Introduction.” In Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Controlled Language Applications. (CLAW) Pittsburgh: Carnegie Mellon University Language Technologies Institute. 1–15.Google Scholar
Hulstijn, Jan H. 1993. “When do Foreign-Language Readers Look Up the Meaning of Unfamiliar Words? The Influence of Task and Learner Variables.” The Modern Language Journal 77: 139–147. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Hutchins, W. John. 1995. “Machine Translation: A Brief History.” In Concise History of the Language Sciences: From the Sumerians to the Cognitivists, edited by E. F. K. Koerner and Ronald E. Asher, 431–445. New York: Pergamon. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Hwang, Kyongho. 1989. Reading Newspapers for the Improvement of Vocabulary and Reading Skills. Unpublished M.A. Thesis, Victoria University, Wellington.
Ilson, Robert. 1986. “Lexicographic Archeology: Comparing Dictionaries of the Same Family.” In The History of Lexicography, edited by Reinhard R. K. Hartmann, 127–136. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 1990. “Present-Day British Lexicography.” In Wörterbücher Dictionaries Dictionnaires. An International Encyclopedia of Lexicography. Vol. 2 (1989–91), edited by Franz J. Hausmann, Oskar Reichmann, Herbert E. Wiegand, and Ladislav Zgusta, 1967–1983. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Jain, Mahavir P. 1981. “On Meaning in the Foreign Learner’s Dictionary.” Applied Linguistics 2 (3): 274–286. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
James, Gregory C. A. 2003. “Bilingualisation as a Genre.” In Lexicography. Critical Concepts. Vol. III, edited by Reinhard R. K. Hartmann, 135–146. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Jansen, Jacques, Mergeai, Jean-Paul, and Jocelyne Vanandroye. 1987. “Controlling LDOCE’s controlled vocabulary.” In The Dictionary and the Language Learner (Lexicographica, Series maior 17), edited by Anthony P. Cowie. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Jeffery, G. B. 1953. “Foreword” In A General Service List of English Words, edited by Michael West, v–vi. London: Longmans.Google Scholar
Jenkins, Joseph R., Marcy L. Stein, and Katherine Wysocki. 1984. “Learning Vocabulary through Reading.” American Educational Research Journal 21: 767–787. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Johansson, Stig. 1978. Manual of Information to Accompany the Lancaster-Oslo/Bergen Corpus of British English for Use with Digital Computers. Oslo: University of Oslo, Department of English.Google Scholar
Johnson, Samuel. 1747. The Plan of an English Dictionary. London.Google Scholar
Kamińska, Małgorzata Anna. 2014. A History of the Concise Oxford Dictionary. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Kamiński, Mariusz Piotr. 2013. A History of the Chambers Dictionary. Lexicographica Series Maior 143. Berlin: Walter De Gruyter. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2016. “Corpus-based Extraction of Collocations for Near-Synonym Discrimination.” In Proceedings of the XVII EURALEX International Congress. Lexicography and Linguistic Diversity. 6–10 September 2016 Tbilisi, edited by Tinatin Margalitadze and George Meladze, 375–382. http://euralex2016.tsu.ge/publication.html
. 2019. “Use of Hedges in Definitions: Out of Necessity or Theory Driven?Lexikos 29: 55–74. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
(2020). Does a limited defining vocabulary make definitions syntactically more complex? Studia Anglica Posnaniensia 55, 5–19. DOI logo
Kamprath C, Adolphson E, Mitamura, T and Nyberg E 1998. “Controlled Language for Mulitilingual Document Production: Experience with Caterpillar Technical English.” In Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Controlled Language Applications, 51–61. Pittsburgh: Carnegie Mellon University Language Technologies Institute.Google Scholar
Kay, Christian J. 2000. “Historical Semantics and Historical Lexicography: Will the Twain Ever Meet?” In Lexicology, Semantics and Lexicography, edited by Julie Coleman and Christain J. Kay, 53–68. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Kernerman, Lionel. 1996. “English Learners’ Dictionaries: How Much Do We Know about their Use?” In EURALEX’ 96 Proceedings. Göteborg: Department of Swedish, Göteborg University, edited by Martin Gellerstam, Jerker Jarborg, Sven-Göran Malmgren, Lena Rogström, Catarina Röjder Papmehl.Google Scholar
Kernerman, Ilan. 1999. “Back to the Future.” Dictionary News, no 7: 1.Google Scholar
Khoong, Elaine, C., Eric Steinbrook, Cortlyn Brown, and Alicia Fernandez. 2019. “Assessing the Use of Google Translate for Spanish and Chinese Translations of Emergency Department Discharge Instructions.” JAMA Internal Medicine 2019, E1–E3.Google Scholar
Kilgarriff, Adam. 2006. “Word Senses.” In Word Sense Disambiguation: Algorithms and Applications, edited by Eneko Agirre and Phillip Edmonds, 29–45. New York: Springer. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Kilgarriff, Adam, and Michael Rundell. 2002. “Lexical Profiling Software and its Lexicographic Applications: Case Study.” In Proceedings of the Tenth EURALEX International Congress, EURALEX 2002, Copenhagen: Center for Sprogteknologi, edited by Anna Braasch and Claus Povlsen, 807–819.Google Scholar
Kilgarriff, Adam, Joseph Rosenzweig. 1999. “English SENSEVAL: reports and results.” In Proceedings of the 5th natural language processing Pacific Rim symposium (NLPRS ‘99), Beijing, China.
Kirkness, Alan. 2001. “Review. English Dictionaries for Foreign Learners: A History. A. P. Cowie.” ELT Journal 55 (1): 110–112. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Kirkpatrick, Betty. 1985. “A Lexicographical Dilemma: Monolingual Dictionaries for the Native Speaker and for the Learner.” In Dictionaries, Lexicography and Language Learning, edited by Robert Ilson, 7–13. Oxford 1985 (ELT Documents 120).Google Scholar
Kitzes, Adam H. 2006. The Politics of Melancholy from Spenser to Milton. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Kjellmer, Göran. 1986. “‘The Lesser Man’: Observations on the Role of Women in Modern English Writings.” In Corpus Linguistics II, edited by Jan Arts and Willem Meijs, 163–76. Amsterdam: Rodopi.Google Scholar
Klare, George R. 1968. “The Role of Word Frequency in Readability.” Elementary English 45 (1): 12–22.Google Scholar
Knowles, J. 1904. The London Point System of Reading for the Blind. London.Google Scholar
Koeneke, Rodney. 2004. Empires of the Mind. I. A. Richards and Basic English in China, 1929–1979. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Krashen, Stephen D. 2011. Free Voluntary Reading. Santa Barbara: Libraries Unlimited.Google Scholar
Kucera, Henry, and Winthrop N. Francis. 1967. Computational Analysis of Present-Day American English. Providence, RI: Brown University Press.Google Scholar
Landau, Sidney I. 1993. “Wierzbicka’s Theory and the Practice of Lexicography.” Dictionaries. 14: 113–119. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2001. Dictionaries: The Art and Craft of Lexicography. 2nd edition. Cambridge: University Press.Google Scholar
2009. “Major American Dictionaries.” In The Oxford History of English Lexicography. Vol. 2, edited by Anthony P. Cowie, 182–229. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Laufer, Batia. 1989. “What Percentage of Text Lexis is Essential for Comprehension?” In Special Language: From Humans Thinking to Thinking Machines, edited by Christer Lauren and Marianne Nordman, 316–323. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.Google Scholar
. 1993. “The Effect of Dictionary Definitions and Examples on the Use and Comprehension of New L2 Words.” Cahiers de Lexicologie 63 (2): 131–142.Google Scholar
Laufer, Batia, Cathie Elder, Kathryn Hill, and Peter Congdon. 2004. “Size and strength: Do we need both to measure vocabulary knowledge?Language Testing 21: 202–226. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Leech, Geoffrey, Paul Rayson, and Andrew Wilson. 2001. Word Frequencies in Written and Spoken English. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited.Google Scholar
Lew, Robert. 2002. “A Study in the Use of Bilingual and Monolingual Dictionaries by Polish Learners of English: A Preliminary Report.” In Proceedings of the Tenth EURALEX International Congress (Vol. II), Copenhagen: Center for Sprogteknologi, edited by A. Anna Braasch and Claus Povlsen, 759–763.Google Scholar
. 2004. Which Dictionary for Whom? Receptive Use of Bilingual, Monolingual and Semi-Bilingual Dictionaries by Polish Learners of English. Poznan: Motivex.Google Scholar
. 2010. “Multimodial Lexicography: The Representation of Meaning in Electronic Dictionaries.” Lexikos 20: 290–306. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2012. “How Can We Make Electronic Dictionaries More Effective?” In Electronic Lexicography, edited by Sylviane Granger and Magali Paquot, 343–363. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
. 2013. “Identifying, Ordering and Defining Senses.” In The Bloomsbury Companion to Lexicography, edited by Howard Jackson, 284–302. London: Bloomsbury.Google Scholar
Lew, Robert, Anna Dziemianko. 2006. “A New Type of Folk-inspired Definition in English Monolingual Learners’ Dictionaries and its Usefulness for Conveying Syntactic Information.” International Journal of Lexicography 19 (3): 225–242. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk, Barbara. 2007. “Polysemy, Prototypes, and Radial Categories.” In The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics, edited by Dirk Geeraerts and Hubert Cuyckens, 139–169. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Li, Hanhong. 2010. “Word Frequency Distribution for Electronic Learner’s Dictionaries.” In eLexicography in the 21st Century: New Challenges, New Applications. Proceedings of eLex 2009, Louvain-la-Neuve, 22–24 October 2009, edited by Sylviane Granger, Magali Paquot, 203–216. UCL Presses Universitaires de Louvain.Google Scholar
Lorge, Irving. 1944. “Word Lists as Background for Communication.” Teachers College Record 45: 543–552.Google Scholar
. 1949. Semantic Count of the 570 Commonest English Words. New York: Teachers College, Columbia University.Google Scholar
. 1953. “The Semantic Count.” In A General Service List of English Words, edited by Michael West, xi–xiii. London: Longmans.Google Scholar
Lorge, Irving and Edward L. Thorndike. 1938. A Semantic Count of English Words. New York: Teachers College, Columbia University.Google Scholar
Louw, Phillip. 2000. “An Integrated Semasiological and Onomasiological Presentation of Semantic Information in General Monolingual Dictionaries as Proposed in H.E. Wiegand’s Semantics and Lexicography.” Lexikos 10: 119–137.Google Scholar
Lovelace, Eugene A. 1988. “On Using Norms for Low-Frequency Words.” Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 26 (5): 410–412. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Luppescu, Stuart, and Richard Day. 1993. “Reading, Dictionaries and Vocabulary Learning.” Language Learning 43 (1): 263–287. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Lynn, Robert W. 1973. “Preparing Word Lists: A Suggested Method.” RELC Journal 11 (2): 25–32. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Lyons, John. 1969. Introduction to Theoretical Linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
. 1977. Semantics. 2 vols. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Maat, Jaap. 2004. Philosophical Languages in the Seventeenth Century: Dalgarno, Wilkins, Leibniz. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
MacFarquhar, Peter. 1985. ESL Learner Dictionaries: A Study of Definition Difficulty. Occasional Paper 8. University of Hawaii at Manoa.Google Scholar
MacFarquhar, Peter D., and Jack C. Richards. 1983. “On Dictionaries and Definitions.” RELC Journal 14 (1): 111–24. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Martinez, Maria-Angeles. 2015. “Modality Awareness Development in Narratives for Young Readers of English.” In Thinking Modally: English and Contrastive Studies on Modality, edited by Juan Rafael Zamorano-Mansilla, Carmen Maiz, Elena Dominguez, Victoria Martin De la Rosa, 429–448. Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.Google Scholar
McArthur, Tom. 1986. Worlds of Reference. Cambridge: University Press.Google Scholar
. 1998a. Living Words. Language, Lexicography and the Knowledge Revolution. Exeter: University of Exeter Press.Google Scholar
. 1998b. “The Background and Nature of ELT Learner’s Dictionaries.” In Learners’ Dictionaries: State of the Art, edited by Makhan L. Tickoo, 52–64. Singapore: SEAMEO.Google Scholar
McConchie, Rod W. 2013. “‘The Most Discriminating Plagiarist’: The Unkindest Cut (and Paste) of All”. In Selected Proceedings of the 2012 Symposium on New Approaches in English Historical Lexis (HEL-LEX 3), edited by Rod W. McConchie, Teo Juvonen, Mark Kaunisto, 107–119. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project.Google Scholar
McCreary, Don R., and Elise Amacker. 2006. “Experimental Research on College Students’ Usage of Two Dictionaries: A Comparison of the Merriam-Webster College Dictionary and the Macmillan English Dictionary for Advanced Learners”. In Proceedings of 12th EURALEX International Congress, EURALEX 2006, edited by Elisa Corino, Carla Marello, and Cristina Onesti, 871–885. Alessandria: Edizioni Dell’Orso.Google Scholar
McCreary, Don R., and Fredric T. Dolezal. 1999. “A Study of Dictionary Use by ESL Students in an American University.” International Journal of Lexicography 12 (2): 107–146. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
McKeown, Margaret. 1993. “Creating Effective Definitions for Young Word Learners.” Reading Research Quarterly 28 (1): 16–31. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Meer, Geart van der. 1999. “Metaphors and Dictionaries: The Morass of Meaning, or How to Get Two Ideas for One.” International Journal of Lexicography 12 (3): 195–208. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2000. “Core, Subsense, and the New Oxford Dictionary of English (NODE).” In Proceedings of the Ninth EURALEX Congress, edited by Ulrich Heid, Stefan Evert, Egbert Lehmann, Christian Rohrer, 419–431. Stuttgart: Institut für Maschinelle Sprachverarbeitung.Google Scholar
. 2004. “On Defining: Polysemy, Core Meanings, and ‘Great Simplicity’.” In Proceedings of the Eleventh EURALEX International Congress, EURALEX 2004, Lorient, France, July 6–10, 2004, Vol. 2, edited by Geoffrey Williams and Sandra Vessier, 807–15. Lorient: Université de Bretagne Sud.Google Scholar
Michiels, Archibald, and Jacques Noël. 1984. “The Pro’s and Con’s of a Controlled Defining Vocabulary in a Learner’s Dictionary.” In LEXeter’s 83 Proceedings. Papers from the International Conference on Lexicography at Exeter, 9–12 September 1983, edited by Reinhard R. K. Hartmann, 385–394. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Miller, George A., and Patricia M. Gildea. 1987. “How Children Learn Words.” Scientific American 257 (3): 94–99. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Minkova, Donka, and Robert Stockwell. 2006. “English Words.” In The Handbook of English Linguistics, edited by Bas Aarts and April McMahon. London: Blackwell Publishing. 461–482. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Miodunka, Wladyslaw. 1989. Podstawy Leksykologii i Leksykografii. Warsaw: Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe.Google Scholar
Mitamura, Teruko. 1999. “Controlled Language for Multilingual Machine Translation.” In Machine Translation Summit VII, Singapore, 1999, 46–52.Google Scholar
Moon, Rosamund. 1987. “The Analysis of Meaning.” In Looking up: The COBUILD Project in Lexical Computing, edited by John Sinclair. Collins ELT: London and Glasgow.Google Scholar
. 1998. Fixed Expressions and Idioms in English. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Morton, Herbert C. 1994. The Story of Webster’s Third. Philip Gove’s Controversial Dictionary and its Critics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Muegge, Uwe. 2008. Machine Translation. Controlled Language. Translation Standards. Accessed August 1, 2017. http://www.muegge.cc/controlled-language.htm
Murray, James A. H. 1933. “General Explanations.” In The Oxford English Dictionary, Being a Corrected Re-issue with an Introduction, Supplement, and Bibliography of A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles, edited by James A. H. Murray et al.. Oxford: The Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Nakane, Sadayuki. 1998. “The Defining Vocabularies of LDOCE, OALD, and CIDE: A Comparative Study.” Bulletin of Liberal Arts 18.Google Scholar
Nation, I. S. Paul. 1990. Teaching and Learning Vocabulary. New York: Newbury House.Google Scholar
. 1993. “Measuring Readiness for Simplified Material: A Test of the First 1,000 Words of English.” In Simplification: Theory and Application. RELC Anthology Series 31, edited by Makhan L. Tickoo, 193–203.Google Scholar
. 2004. “A Study of the Most Frequent Word Families in the British National Corpus.” In Vocabulary in a Second Language, edited by Paul Bogaards and Batia Laufer, 3–13. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Nation, Paul. 2006. “How Large a Vocabulary is Needed for Reading and Listening?.” Canadian Modern Language Review 63 (1), 59–82. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2009. “New Roles for L2 Vocabulary?” In Contemporary Applied Linguistics. Volume One. Language Teaching and Learning, edited by Vivian Cook and Li Wei, 99–116.Google Scholar
. 2012. “Information on the BNC/COCA lists.” Accessed August 16, 2018. https://www.victoria.ac.nz/lals/about/staff/paul-nation#vocab-lists
Nation, I. S. Paul, and Alex Heatley. 2002. Range: A Program for the Analysis of Vocabulary in Texts [software]. http://www.vuw.ac.nz/lals/staff/paul-nation/nation.aspx
Nation, I. S. Paul, and Kyongho Hwang. 1995. “Where Would General Service Vocabulary Stop and Special Purposes Vocabulary Begin?System 23 (1): 35–41. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Nation, I. S. P. and Robert Waring. 1997. “Vocabulary Size, Text Coverage and Word Lists.” In Vocabulary: Description, Acquisition and Pedagogy, edited by Norbert Schmitt and Michael McCarthy, 6–19. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Accessed February 15, 2018. http://www.robwaring.org/papers/CUP/cup.htmlGoogle Scholar
Nation, I. S. Paul, and Stuart Webb. 2011. Researching and Analyzing Vocabulary. Boston: Heinle.Google Scholar
Nerlich, Brigitte. 1992. Semantic Theories in Europe 1830–1930. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Nesi, Hilary. 1998. “Defining a Shoehorn: The Success of Learners’ Dictionary Entries for Concrete Nouns.” In Using Dictionaries: Studies of Dictionary Use by Language Learners and Translators, edited by Beryl T. Sue Atkins, 159–178. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2000. The Use and Abuse of Learners’ Dictionaries. Lexicographica. Series Maior 98. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2009. “Dictionaries in Electronic Form.” In The Oxford History of English Lexicography. Vol. 2, edited by Anthony P. Cowie. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
. 2014. “Dictionary Use by English Language Learners.” Language Teaching 47 (1): 38–55. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Nesi, Hilary, and Richard Haill. 2002. “A Study of Dictionary Use by International Students at a British University.” International Journal of Lexicography 15 (4): 277–305. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Nesi, Hilary, and Paul Meara. 1994. “Patterns of Misrepresenation in the Productive Use of EFL Dictionary Definitions.” System 22 (1): 1–15. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Nesselhauf, Nadja. 2005. Collocations in a Leaner Corpus. Amsterdam: Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Neubauer, Fritz. 1980. Die Struktur der Explikationen in Deutschen Einsprachigen Wörterbüchern. Eine Vergleichende Lexiko-Semantische Analyse. Hamburg.Google Scholar
. 1984. “The Language of Explanation in Monolingual Dictionaries.”, LEXeter ‘83. Proceedings. Papers from the International Conference on Lexicography at Exeter, 9–12 September 1983. Lexicographica. Series Maior 1, edited by Reinhard R. K. Hartmann, 117–123. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 1987. “How to Define a Defining Vocabulary.” A Spectrum of Lexicography. Papers from AILA Brussels 1984, edited by Robert Ilson, 49–60. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 1989. “Vocabulary Control in the Definitions and Examples of Monolingual Dictionaries.” In Wörterbücher Dictionaries Dictionnaires. An International Encyclopedia of Lexicography. 3 vols. (1989–91), edited by Franz J. Hausmann, Oskar Reichmann, Herbert E. Wiegand, and Ladislav Zgusta, 899–904. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Neufeld, Steve, and Ali Billuroglu. 2005. “In Search of the Critical Lexical Mass: How ‘General’ in the GSL? How ‘Academic’ is the AWL?” Accessed March 16, 2018. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317661877_In_search_of_the_critical_lexical_mass_How_%27general%27in_the_GSL_How_%27academic%27is_the_AWL
Nichols, Wendalyn. 2001. Review of A.P. Cowie. English Dictionaries for Foreign learners: A History. Dictionaries 22: 205–210.Google Scholar
Nida, Eugene A. 1975. Componential Analysis of Meaning. The Hague: Mouton.Google Scholar
Nyberg, Eric H., Teruko Mitamura, and Willem-Olaf Huijsen. 2003. “Controlled Language for Authoring and Translation.” In Computers and Translation: A Translator’s Guide, edited by Harold L. Somers, 245–281. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Nyberg, Eric H., and Teruko Mitamura. 1992. “The KANT System: Fast, Accurate, High-Quality Translation in Practical Domains.” In Proceedings of COLLING–92, Nantes, France, July 1992, Vol. 3, 1069–1073.Google Scholar
Oakes, Michael P. 2009. “Corpus Linguistics and Language Variation.” In Contemporary Corpus Linguistics, edited by Paul Baker, 159–83. London: Continuum.Google Scholar
Odlin, Terence. 1989. Language Transfer: Cross-Linguistic Influence in Language Learning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Ogden, Charles K. 1930. Basic English: A General Introduction with Rules and Grammar. London. Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co., Ltd.Google Scholar
1931. Debabelization. With a Survey of Contemporary Opinion on the Problem of a Universal Language. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co., Ltd.Google Scholar
Ogden, Charles K., and Ivor A. Richards. 1923. The Meaning of Meaning. London.Google Scholar
Ogden, Charles K. 1932. The Basic Dictionary. London.Google Scholar
1940. The General Basic English Dictionary. London: Evans.Google Scholar
Osgood, Charles E., George J. Suci, and Percy H. Tannenbaum. 1957. The Measurement of Meaning. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.Google Scholar
Page, Edward C. 2001. Governing by Numbers Delegated Legislation and Everyday Policy-Making. Portland: Hart Publishing.Google Scholar
Palmer, Harold E. 1929a. “What shall We Call ‘a Word’?IRET Bulletin 54: 1–2.Google Scholar
1929b. “Editorial: What is an idiom?IRET Bulletin 56: 1–2.Google Scholar
1932. “Some Notes on Construction-PatternsInstitute Leaflet 38. Tokyo: IRET.Google Scholar
Palmer, Harol E. 1933. Second Interim Report on English Collocations. Tokyo: Kaitakusha.Google Scholar
1936. “The History and Present State of the Movement Towards Vocabulary Control.” IRET Bulletin 120: 14–17; 121: 19–23.Google Scholar
Palmer, Harol, and Albert S. Hornby. 1937. Thousand-Word English. London: George Harrap.Google Scholar
Piotrowski, Tadeusz. 1994. Problems in Bilingual Lexicography. Wroclaw: Wydawnictwo Universitetu Wroclawskiego.Google Scholar
. 2001. Zrozumieć leksykografię. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.Google Scholar
. 2002. An Overview of Monolingual EFL Dictionaries Today. Accessed May 5, 2017. http://www.academia.edu/23933212/
. 2009. “Pedagogical Dictionaries of English as Commercial Products.” In On Language Structure, Acquisition and Teaching. Studies in Honour of Janusz Arabski on the Occasion of his 70th Birthday, edited by Maria Wysocka, 171–176. Katowice: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego.Google Scholar
Plain English Campaign. Accessed March 2, 2019. http://www.plainenglish.co.uk/about-us.html
Plain Speaking is no Joke. 1997. BBC News. Accessed March 2, 2019. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/38503.stm
Podhajecka, Miroslawa. 2009. “Historical Development of Lexicographical Genres: Some Methodological Issues.” In Selected Proceedings of the 2008 Symposium on New Approaches in English Historical Lexis (HEL-LEX 2), edited by Roderick W. McConchie, Alpo Honkapohja, and Jukka Tyrkkö, 153–170. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project.Google Scholar
. 2016. A History of Polish-English / English-Polish Bilingual Lexicography (1788–1947). Opole: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Opolskiego.Google Scholar
Pottier, Bernard. 1964. Vers une Sémantique Moderne. Travaux de Linguistique et de Littérature 2: 107–137.Google Scholar
Praninskas, Jean. 1972. American University Word List. London: Longman.Google Scholar
Preiss, Judita, and Mark Stevenson. 2004. “Introduction to the Special Issue on Word Sense Disambiguation.” In Computer Speech and Language 18 (3): 201–207. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Pym, Peter J. 1990. “Pre-Editing and the Use of Simplified Writing for MT: An Engineer’s Experience of Operating an MT System.” In Translating and the Computer 10: The Translation Environment 10 Years on, edited by Pamela Mayorcas, 80–95. London: Aslib.Google Scholar
Quirk, Randolph. 1973. “The Social Impact of Dictionaries in the U.K.” In Lexicography in English, edited by Raven I. McDavid and Audrey Duckert, 76–88. New York: New York Academy of Sciences.Google Scholar
. 1982. “International communication and the concept of nuclear English.” In English for Cross-cultural Communication, edited by Larry E. Smith, 151–165. NewYork: St. Martin’s Press. [Re-printed in Style and Communication in the English Language. London: Arnold, 37–53.]Google Scholar
. 1986. “Opening Remarks.” In Lexicography. An Emerging International Profession, edited by Robert Ilson, 1–6. Manchester: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar
Qun, Liu, and Zhang Xiaojun. 2015. “Machine Translation.” In The Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Technology, edited by Chan Sin-wai, 105–119. Routledge: New York.Google Scholar
R Development Core Team. 2013. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria.Google Scholar
Read, John. 1988. “Measuring the vocabulary knowledge of second language learners.” RELC Journal 19 (2): 12–25. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Redmond, Phil. 2010. “Chrissie Maher–a story of inspiration and aspiration.” Liverpool Daily Post. Liverpool: Trinity Mirror North West & North Wales.Google Scholar
Reisner, Edward H. 1925. Nationalism and Education since 1789: a Social and Political History of Modern Education. London: The Macmillan Company.Google Scholar
Renouf, Antoinette. 1987. “Corpus Development” In Looking Up: An Account of the COBUILD Project in Lexical Computing, edited by John Sinclair, 10–40. London: HarperCollins.Google Scholar
Rey, Alain. 1990. “Definitional Semantics: Its Evolution in French Lexicography.” Meaning and Lexicography, edited by Jerzy Tomaszczyk and Barbara Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk, 43–55. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Riemer, Nick. 2006. “Reductive Paraphrase and Meaning: A Critique of Wierzbickian Semantics.” Linguistics and Philosophy 29: 347–79. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Richards, Jack C. 1974. Word Lists: Problems and Prospects. RELC Journal 5 (2): 69–84. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Ronald, James. 2002. “L2 Lexical Growth through Extensive Reading and Dictionary Use: A Case Study.” In Proceedings of the Tenth EURALEX International Congress, EURALEX 2002. Vol 2, edited by Anna Braasch and Claus Povlsen, 765–772. Copenhagen.Google Scholar
Rundell, Michael. 1988. “Changing the Rules: Why the Monolingual Learner’s Dictionary Should Move Away from the Native Speaker Tradition.” In ZüriLEX’ 86 Proceedings, edited by Mary Snell-Hornby, 127–138. Tübingen: Francke Verlag.Google Scholar
. 2006. “Learner’s Dictionaries.” In Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics, 2nd ed., edited by Keith Brown, Anne Anderson, Laurie Bauer, Margie Berns, Jim Miller, and Graeme Hirst, 739–743. Oxford: Elsevier. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2008a. “Recent Trends in English Pedagogical Lexicography.” In Practical Lexicography A Reader, edited by Thierry Fontenelle, 221–243. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
. 2008b. “More Than One Way to Skin a Cat: Why Full-Sentence Definitions Have Not Been Universally Adopted.” In Practical Lexicography A Reader, edited by Thierry Fontenelle, 197–209. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
. 2015. “From Print to Digital: Implications for Dictionary Policy and Lexicographic Conventions.” Lexikos 25: 301–322. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Russo, John P. 1989. I.A. Richards. His Life and Work. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Sager, Juan, and Marie-Claude L’Homme. 1994. “A Model for the Definition of Concepts: Rules for Analytical Definitions in Terminological Databases.” Terminology, Vol. 1 (2): 351–373. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Sager, Juan, and Kyo Kageura. 1994. “Concepts Classes and Conceptual Structures: Their Role and Necessity in Terminology.” ALFA: Terminology and Special Linguistics 7 (8): 191–216.Google Scholar
Sager, Juan. C., and Augustin Ndi-Kimbi. 1995. “The Conceptual Structure of Terminological Definitions and their Linguistic Realisations: A Report on Research in Progress.” Terminology 2 (1): 61–85. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
San Martin, A., and Marie-Claude L’Homme. 2014. “Definition Patterns for Predicative Terms in Specialized Lexical Resources.” In Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC’14). (Reykjavik, Iceland) European Language Resources Association (ELRA), May 2014, edited by Nicoletta Calzolari, Khalid Choukri, Thierry Declerck, Hrafn Loftsson, Bente Maegaard, Joseph Mariani, Asuncion Moreno, Jan Odijk, and Stelios Piperidis.Google Scholar
Santini, Marina, and Serge Sharoff, eds.. 2007. Proceedings of the CL 2007 Colloquium: Towards a Reference Corpus of Web Genres. Birmingham, UK.Google Scholar
Seppälä, Selja. 2015. “An Ontological Framework for Modeling the Contents of Definitions,” Terminology 21 (1): 23–50. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Seppälä, Selja, Alan Ruttenberg, and Barry Smith. 2016. “The Functions of Definitions in Ontologies.” In Formal Ontology in Information Systems: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference (FOIS 2016), July 6–9 2016, Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications, vol. 283, edited by Roberta Ferrario and Werner Kuhn, 37–50. Annecy, France: IOS Press.Google Scholar
Schmitt, Norbert. 2000. Vocabulary in Language Teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Schmitt, Norbert, and Diane Schmitt. 2014. “A reassessment of frequency and vocabulary size in L2 vocabulary teaching.” Language Teaching 47 (04): 484–503. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Sutarsyah, Cucu, Nation, I. S. Paul, and Graeme Kennedy. 1994. “How Useful is EAP Vocabulary for ESP? A Corpus Based Study.” RELC Journal 25 (2): 34–50. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Seretny, Anna. 1998. Definicje i definiowanie. Cracow: Zakład Wydawniczy “NOMOS”.Google Scholar
Schul, James E., and Gregory E. Hamot. 2011. “An Engaged Pragmatist: Uncovering and Assessing Ernest Horn’s View of Moral Education.” Journal of Social Studies Research 35 (2): 277–298.Google Scholar
Shaw, Claire. 2013. Is English Still the Dominant Language of Higher Education? – Live Chat. The Guardian. Accessed September 2, 2017. https://www.theguardian.com/higher-education-network/2013/feb/13/english-language-international-higher-education
Simpson, John A. 1990. “English Lexicography After Johnson to 1945.” In Wörterbücher Dictionaries Dictionnaires. An International Encyclopedia of Lexicography. 2 vol., (1989–91), edited by Franz J. Hausmann, Oskar Reichmann, Herbert E. Wiegand, and Ladislav Zgusta, 1953–1966. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Sinclair, John M. 1984. “Naturalness in Language.” In Corpus Linguistics. Recent Developments in the Use of Computer Corpora in English Language Research, edited by Jan Aarts and Willem Meijs, 203–10. Amsterdam: Rodopi.Google Scholar
ed.. 1987. Looking Up: An account of the COBUILD Project in lexical computing and the development of the Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary. London: Collins ELT.Google Scholar
1991. Corpus, Concordance, Collocation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Sin-Wai, Chan. 2015. “Computer-Aided Translation: Major Concepts.” In Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Technology, edited by Sin-Wai Chan, 32–67. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Smith, Richard C. ed.. 2003. “Introduction.” In Teaching English as a Foreign Language, 1912–1936. Pioneers of ELT. Volume III Michael West, ix–xxvi. London and New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
2015. Lawrence Faucett’s Life and Career. Accessed March 6, 2018. https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/al/research/collections/elt_archive/halloffame/faucett/life
Snider, James G., and Charles E. Osgood, ed.. 1969. Semantic Differential Technique: A Sourcebook. Chicago: Aldine.Google Scholar
Sobkowiak, Włodzimierz, and Marek Kuczyński. 2002. “Phonetics and Ideology of Defining Vocabularies.” In EURALEX’ 2002 Proceedings, Copenhagen, 13–17 August 2002, edited by Anna Braasch and C. Povlsen, 495–502. Copenhagen: Center fro Sprogteknologi.Google Scholar
Staehr, Lars S. 2009. “Vocabulary Knowledge and Advanced Listening Comprehension in English as a Foreign Language.” Studies in Second Language Acquisition 31 (4): 577–607. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Stein, Gabriele. 1979. “The Best of British and American Lexicography.” Dictionaries 1:1–23. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 1989. “Recent Developments in EFL Dictionaries.” In Learners’ Dictionaries: State of the Art, edited by Makhan L. Tickoo, 10–41. Singapore: SEAMEO Regional Language Centre.Google Scholar
. 2002a. Better Words. (selected essays by G. Stein on Dictionary Criticism). Exeter: University of Exeter Press.Google Scholar
. 2002b. Developing Your English Vocabulary. A Systematic New Approach. Tübingen: Stauffenburg Verlag.Google Scholar
. 2016. “Some Thoughts on the Issue of Core Vocabularies. A Response to Vaclav Brezina and Dana Gablasova: ‘Is There a Core General Vocabulary?’ Introducing the New General Service List.” Applied Linguistics 38(5): 759–763.Google Scholar
Sterkenburg, Piet van, ed.. 2003. A Practical Guide to Lexicography. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Stubbs, Michael. 1986. “Language development, lexical competence and nuclear vocabulary.” Educational Linguistics, edited by Michael Stubbs, 98–115. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Summers, Della. 1988. “English Language Teaching Dictionaries: Past, Present, and Future.” English Today 4 (2): 10–16. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Svensén, Bo. 1993. Practical Lexicography: Principles and Methods of Dictionary-Making. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Swanepoel, Piet. 1994. “Problems, Theories and Methodologies in Current Lexicographic Semantic Research.” In EURALEX 1994 Proceedings. Papers submitted to the 6th EURALEX International Congress on Lexicography in Amsterdam (Vrije Universiteit) 1994, edited by Willy Martin, Willem Meijs, and Margreet Moerland, 11–26. Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Sweet, Henry. 1899. “The Practical Study of Languages: A Guide for Teachers and Learners.” London: J. M. Dent. [Reprinted 2003. Lexicography Critical Concepts. vol. 2, edited by Reinhard R.K. Hartmann, 257–268. London: Routledge.]Google Scholar
Šcerba, Lev. 1995. “Towards a General Theory of Lexicography.” (translated by Farina, D.) International Journal of Lexicography 8 (4): 305–349.Google Scholar
Taylor, John R. 1995. Linguistic categorization. Prototypes in linguistic theory. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Thorndike, Edward L. 1921. The Teacher’s Word Book. Columbia University: Teachers College.Google Scholar
Thorndike, Edward L., and Irving Lorge. 1944. The Teacher’s Word Book of 30,000 Words. Oxford: Bureau of Publications, Teachers Co.Google Scholar
Thouin, Benoît. 1982. “The Meteo System.” In Practical Experience of Machine Translation: Proceedings of Translating and the Computer 1981, edited by Veronica Lawson, 39–44.Google Scholar
Tickoo, Makhan L. 2008. Harold E. Palmer: From Learner-teacher to Legend. Hydrabad: Orient Longman.Google Scholar
Tomaszczyk, Jerzy. 1979. Dictionaries: Users and Uses, Glottodidactica 12: 103–19.Google Scholar
Tono, Yukio. 1989. “Can a Dictionary Help One Read Better?” In Lexicographers and their Works. (Exeter Linguistic Studies Volume 14), edited by Gregory James, 192–200. University of Exeter.Google Scholar
Trask, Robert L. 1996. Historical Linguistics. London: Arnold.Google Scholar
Trier, Jost. 1931. Der Deutsche Wortschatz im Sinnbezirk des Verstandes: Die Geschichte eines Sprachlichen Feldes I. Von den Anfängen bis zum Beginn des 13. Jhdts. Heidelberg: Winter.Google Scholar
Ungerer, Friedrich, and Hans-Jörg Schmid. 2006. An Introduction to Cognitive Linguistics. Harlow: Pearson Longman.Google Scholar
VOA Special English Word Book A–Z. 2009. Washington, D.C. www.VOASpecialEnglish.com.Google Scholar
WaCKy. 2017. The ukWaC unigrams (lemmas). Accessed May 10, 2017. https://wacky.sslmit.unibo.it/doku.php?id=frequency_lists.
Waring, Rob, and Misako Takaki. 2003. “At What Rate Do Learners Learn and Retain New Vocabulary from Reading a Graded Reader?Reading in a Foreign Language 15 (2): 130–163.Google Scholar
Webb, Stuart. 2007. “The Effects of Repetition on Vocabulary Knowledge.” Applied Linguistics 28 (1): 46–65. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Webb, Stuart, Paul I. S. Nation. 2008. “Evaluating the Vocabulary Load of Written Text.” TESOLANZ Journal 16: 1–10.Google Scholar
Weinreich, Uriel. 1980. On Semantics. Edited by William Labov and Beatrice S. Weinreich. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Wekker, Herman, and Phil Hyams. 1979. “De Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English.” Review Article. Levende Talen 342: 406–417.Google Scholar
West, Michael. 1926. Bilingualism (with Special Reference to Bengal). Calcutta: Government of India. (Reprinted in: Richard C. Smith. ed. 2003. Vol. 3, 1–392).Google Scholar
. 1927a. The Construction of Reading Material for Teaching a Foreign Language. London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
. 1927b. The New Method Readers for Students of English. Longmans, Green and Co.Google Scholar
. 1935. Definition Vocabulary. Bulletin no. 4 of the Department of Educational Research. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.Google Scholar
. 1953. A General Service List of English Words with Semantic Frequencies and a Supplementary Word-List for the Writing of Popular Science and Technology (GSL). London: Longmans.Google Scholar
. 1954. “Vocabulary Selection and the Minimum Adequate Vocabulary.” English Language Teaching 8 (4): 121–126. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 1960. Teaching English in Difficult Circumstances: Teaching English as a Foreign Language with Notes on the Technique of Textbook Constructions. London: Longmans, Green.Google Scholar
West, Michael, E. Swenson, K. M. Fawkes, F. L. Russell, and Wilf J. de Magellanes. 1934. A Critical Examination of Basic English. Bulletin of Department of Educational Research, University of Toronto, 2: 1–53.Google Scholar
Whitcut, Janet. 1978. “Lexicography in Controlled Vocabulary.” Paper presented at the AILA conference. Montreal 1978.
. 1986. “The Training of Dictionary Users.” In Lexicography An Emerging International Profession, edited by Robert Ilson, 111–122. London: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar
. 1988. “Lexicography in Simple Language.” International Journal of Lexicography 1 (1): 49–55. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Wiegand, Herbert E. 1994. “Elements of a Theory Toward a So-called Lexicographic Definition.” In Wiegand, Herbert E. 1999. Semantics and Lexicography. Selected Studies (1976–1996), 203–282, edited by Antje Immken and Werner Wolski. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer.Google Scholar
Wingate, Ursula. 2002. The Effectiveness of Different Learner Dictionaries. An Investigation into the Use of Dictionaries for Reading Comprehension by Intermediate Learners of German. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Widdowson, H. G. 1968. “The Teaching of English Through Science.” In Language in Education, edited by Julian Dakin, Brian Tiffen, and H. G. Widdowson. London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Wierzbicka, Anna. 1972. Semantic Primitives. Frankfurt.Google Scholar
. 1985. Lexicography and Conceptual Analysis. Ann Arbor: Karoma Publishers, Inc.Google Scholar
. 1996. Semantic Primes and Universals. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
. 2003. Cross-Cultural Pragmatics: The Semantics of Human Interaction. 2nd ed. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2014. Imprisoned in English. The Hazards of English as a Default Language. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Wilks, Yorick, Dan Fass, Cheng-ming Guo, James E. McDonald, Tony Plate, and Brian M. Slator. 1988. “Machine Tractable Dictionaries as Tools and Resources for Natural Language Processing.” In Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (Coling-88) Budapest, Vol. 2, 750–755, Association for Computational Linguistics. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Williams, Christopher. 2004. “Legal English and Plain Language: An introduction.” ESP Across Cultures 1: 111–124.Google Scholar
Wojcik, Richard H. 2006. “Controlled Languages.” In Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics, 2nd ed., edited by Keith Brown, Anne Anderson, Laurie Bauer, Margie Berns, Jim Miller, and Graeme Hirst, 136–142. Oxford: Elsevier. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Xiao, Richard. 2008. “Well-known and influential corpora.” In Corpus Linguistics: An International Handbook, Vol. 1, edited by Anke Lüdeling and Merja Kytö, 383–456. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Xu, Hai. 2012. “A Critique of the Controlled Defining Vocabulary in Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English.” Lexikos 22: 367–381. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Xue, Guoyi, and Paul I. S. Nation. 1984. “A University Word List.” Language Learning and Communication 3 (2): 215–229.Google Scholar
Youngblood, Alison M., and Keith S. Folse. 2017. “Survey of Corpus-Based Vocabulary Lists for TESOL Classes.” MEXTESOL Journal 41 (1): 1–15.Google Scholar
Zakaluk, Beverley L., and S. Jay Samuels. 1996. “Issues Related to Text Comprehensibility: The Future of Readability.” Revue Québécoise de Linguistique 25 (1): 41–59. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Zarechnak, Michael. 2000. “The early days of GAT-SLC.” In Early Years in Machine Translation. Memoirs and Biographies of Pioneers, edited by W. John Hutchins, 111–128. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Zipf, George K. 1935. The Psycho-Biology of Language: An Introduction to Dynamic Philology. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin.Google Scholar
Żmigrodzki, Piotr. 2003. Wprowadzenie do leksykografii polskiej. Katowice: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego.Google Scholar