“A pretty village is a welcome sight”
A contrastive study of the promotion of physical space in official tourism websites
This paper analyses adjectival descriptions used to frame and promote physical space in tourism texts in English and in Greek, and
how any differences are negotiated in translation. A comparison is drawn across three categories of space (human-made, natural,
and abstract) to investigate how each locality affects and is affected by linguistic choices. Methodologically, a corpus
triangulation approach is employed, combining corpora created from three types of tourism websites: original or non-translated
Greek websites; their translations into English; and non-translated websites in English. Results reveal that, while important
differences are observed between English and Greek non-translated texts, translations tend to stay very close to their source
texts, with small differences observed across the three categories of space. This study contributes to both tourism and
translation studies by offering insight into how space is framed across languages, which can inform, and ultimately, transform,
translation practice.
Article outline
- Introduction
- Language of tourism
- Physical space
- The language of euphoria
- Translation challenges
- Data and methods
- Results
- Nouns and adjectives
- English vs. Greek
- Translated vs. non-translated English
- Source vs. target texts
- Controlled promotion
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgements
- Notes
-
Corpus reference
-
References
References
Corpus reference
The corpus under study is composed of 475,577 words extracted from 1,512 texts originating from various tourism websites listed below. It has been compiled and created under the supervision of Dr Sofia Malamatidou, Department of Modern Languages, University of Birmingham. The data has been collected from online sources during the months of June, July and August 2017.[ p.331 ]
Project Leader: Dr Sofia Malamatidou
Size: 475,577 words; 1,512 texts
Compilation: 2017 - work in progress
Language: English and Greek non-translated, and English translated
Project Home Page: https://www.birmingham.ac.uk/research/activity/bct/research/index.aspx
Funding: University of Birmingham research grant
Affiliation: University of Birmingham
Texts compiled from the following online sources:
Discover Greece. Accessed July 15, 2017. https://www.discovergreece.com.
Incredible Crete. Accessed July 15, 2017. https://www.incrediblecrete.gr.
Visit England. Accessed July 15, 2017. https://www.visitengland.com.
Visit Greece. Accessed July 15, 2017. www.visitgreece.gr.
Visit Scotland. Accessed July 15, 2017. https://www.visitscotland.com.
Visit Wales. Accessed July 15, 2017. http://www.visitwales.com.
Agorni, Mirella
2012 “
Tourism Communication: The Translator’s Responsibility in the Translation of Cultural Difference.”
PASOS: Revista de Turismo y Patrominio Cultural 10 (4): 5–11.


Biber, Douglas, Stig Johansson, Geoffrey Leech, and Susan Conrad
1999 Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English. Harlow: Longman.

Bollinger, Dwight
1967 “
Adjectives in English: Attribution and Predication.”
Lingua 181: 1–34.


Cappelli, Gloria
2007 Sun, Sea, Sex and the Unspoilt Countryside. 2nd edition. Pari: Pari Publishing.

Cappelli, Gloria
2008 “
The Translation of Tourism-Related Websites and Localization: Problems and Perspectives.” In
Voices on Translation, edited by
A. Baicchi, 97–115. Rome: Bulzoni Editore.

Dann, Graham
1996 The Language of Tourism. Oxon: CAB International.

Dann, Graham
2001 “
The Self-Admitted Use of Cliché in the Language of Tourism.”
Tourism, Culture & Communication 31: 1–14.


Fijo León, Maria Isabel, and Adrian Fuentes Luque
2013 “
A Corpus-Based Approach to the Compilation, Analysis, and Translation of Rural Tourism Terms.”
Meta 58(1): 212–26.


Francesconi, Sabrina
2006 “
Touring Tourism Discourses: The Case of Scotland Underground.” In
Translating Tourism: Linguistic/Cultural Representations, edited by
Oriana Palusci and
Sabrina Francesconi, 57–72. Trento: Trento University Press.

Francesconi, Sabrina
2014 Reading Tourism Texts: A Multimodal Analysis. Briston, Tonawanda, and Ontario: Channel View Publications.


Goddard, Angela
2002 The Language of Advertising: Written Texts. 2nd edition. London and New York: Routledge.

Gotti, Maurizio
2006 “
The Language of Tourism as Specialized Discourse.” In
Translating Tourism: Linguistic/Cultural Representations, edited by
Oriana Palusci and
Sabrina Francesconi, 15–34. Trento: Trento University Press.

Halliday, M. A. K.
2004 Introduction to Functional Grammar. London and New York: Routledge.

Hickey, Leo
2004 “
Perlocutionary Pursuits: Persuading Of/that/to.” In
Pragmatics at Work: The Translation of Tourist Literature, edited by
Maria Pilar Navarro Errasti,
Rosa Lorés Sanz, and
Silvia Murillo Ornat, 57–79. Bern: Peter Lang.

Hughes, George
1992 “
Tourism and the Geographical Imagination.”
Leisure Studies 111: 31–42.


Hughes, George
1998 “
Tourism and the Semiological Realization of Space.” In
Destinations: Cultural Landscapes of Tourism, edited by
Greg Ringer, 17–32. London and New York: Routledge.

Kelly, Dorothy
1997 “
The Translation of Texts from the Tourist Sector: Textual Conventions, Cultural Distance and Other Constrains.”
TRANS 21: 33–42.

Kevin, Meethan
2001 Tourism in a Global Society: Place, Culture, Consumption. New York: Palgrave.

Kilgarriff, Adam, Vít Baisa, Jan Bušta, Miloš Jakubíček, Vojtěch Kovář, Jan Michelfeit, Pavel Rychlý, and Vít Suchomel
The Sketch Engine: Ten Years On.”
Lexicography 1 (1): 7–36. Software available from:
[URL]. Accessed 28 January 2018.

Leech, Geoffrey
1996 English in Advertising: A Linguistic Study of Advertising in Great Britain. London: Longman.

Malamatidou, Sofia
2018 Corpus Triangulation: Combining Data and Methods in Corpus-Based Translation Studies. London and New York: Routledge.

Manca, Elena
2008 “
‘Immerse yourself in the Traditions of the Simply Way of Life’: Analysing English Translation of Italian Agriturismi Websites.”
RITT. Rivista Internazionale di Technica della Traduzione 101: 33–46. Trieste: EUT Edizioni Università di Trieste.
[URL]
Martínez, Patricia
2000 “
Problems of Language Use in the Translation of Tourist Brochures: The Systemic Functional Grammar as a Serviceable Tool for Translation Decisions.” In
Discourse and Community: Doing Functional Linguistics, edited by
Eija Ventola,
Language in Performance Series 211: 273–90. Tübingen: Gunter Narr.

Mayo, Edward J., and Lance P. Jarvis
1981 The Psychology of Leisure Travel: Effective Marketing and Selling Travel Services. Boston: CBI Publishing.


Myers, Greg
1994 Words in Ads. London: Edward Arnold Publication.

Navarro Errasti, Maria Pilar, Rosa Lorés Sanz, and Silvia Murillo Ornat
(eds) 2004 Pragmatics at Work: The Translation of Tourist Literature. Bern: Peter Lang.

Olohan, Maeve
2004 Introducing Corpora in Translation Studies. London and New York: Routledge.


Panosso Netto, Alexander
2009 “
What is Tourism? Definitions, Theoretical Phases and Principles.” In
Philosophical Issues in Tourism, edited by
John Tribe,
Aspects of Tourism Series 371: 43–61. Bristol: Channel View Publications.


Pierini, Patrizia
2009 “
Adjectives in Tourism English on the Web: A Corpus-Based Study.”
CÍRCULO de Lingüística Aplicada a La Comunicación (clac) 401: 93–116.

Rayson, Paul
n.d.
Log-Likelihood Calculator. Accessed 20 February 2018.
[URL]
Scott, Michael
2017 WordSmith Tools Version 7. Stroud: Lexical Analysis Software.

Short, J. R., L. M. Benton, W. B. Luce, and J. Walton
1993 “
Reconstructing the Image of an Industrial City.”
Annals of the Association of American Geographers 83 (2): 207–24. Cambridge: Blackwell Publishers.

Smecca, Paola Daniela
2009 “
Tourist Guidebooks and the Image of Sicily in Translation.”
Perspectives: Studies in Translatology 17 (2): 109–119.


Sulaiman, Mohamed Zain
2014 “
Translating the Style of Tourism Promotional Discourse: A Cross Cultural Journey into Stylescapes.”
Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences 1181: 503–10.


Thurlow, Crispin, and Adam Jaworski
2010 Tourism Discourse: Language and Global Mobility. London: Palgrave.

Tomka, Goran
2013 “
Who’s This Space?: Clichés, Identities and Places.” In
Marketing Places and Spaces: Shifting Tourism Flows, 5th Advances in Tourism Marketing Conference Proceedings, Algarve, 2–4 October.
Travlou, Penny
2002 “
Go Athens: A Journey to the Centre of the City.” In
Tourism: Between Place and Performance, edited by
Simon Coleman and
Mike Crang, 108–127. New York and Oxford: Berghahn Books.

Urry, John, and Jonas Larsen
2011 The Tourist Gaze 3.0. London: SAGE Publications.


Valdeón, Roberto A.
2009 “
Info-Promotional Material Discourse and Its Translation: The Case of the Asturias Tourist Board Texts.”
Across Languages and Cultures 10 (1): 21–47.


Wahab, Salah, and Chris Cooper
(eds) 2001 Tourism at the Age of Globalisation. London and New York: Routledge.

Cited by
Cited by 1 other publications
Kefala, Stavroula
2021.
The pragmatics of translated tourism advertising.
Journal of Pragmatics 173
► pp. 88 ff.

This list is based on CrossRef data as of 17 may 2023. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.