Article published in:
Translation Spaces
Vol. 9:2 (2020) ► pp. 314–341

The “technological turn” in translation studies

Are we there yet? A transversal cross-disciplinary approach

| Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
For over two decades, Translation Studies (TS) scholars have argued that the discipline is going through a ‘technological turn’. This paper critically questions whether TS has already completed this “paradigmatic” or “disciplinary turn,” “a clearly visible and striking” change of direction that can “perhaps even [amount] to a redefinition of the subject concerned” (Snell-Hornby 2010, 366). After a revision of the notion of ‘turn’ in TS, it will be argued that the ‘technological’ one has been completed and it can, in fact, be assessed “after it is already complete” (ibid). It will be shown how the emergence and consolidation of this turn were “driven not by theoretical developments in cognate areas of inquiry,” but are an “emergent property from new forms of translation practice” (Cronin 2010, 1). As a consequence, it has permeated TS across its different subdisciplines, both in their theoretical apparatus and/or in their research methodologies. In this examination, the picture that emerges is that translation, across TS, has in fact been redefined in one way or another as an instance of “human-computer interaction,” even in contexts such as literary translation.
Keywords: technological turn, translation technology, translation turns, translation theory
Published online: 07 January 2021
https://doi.org/10.1075/ts.19012.jim
References

References

Abuczki, Ágnes, Nijolė Burkšaitienė, Ludivine Crible, Anna Nedoluzhko, Péter Furkó, Giedre Valūnaitė Oleškevičienė, Sigita Rackevičienė, and Šárka Zikánová
2018 “Translation of ‘And’ in a Parallel TED Talk Corpus of English, Czech, Hungarian, Lithuanian and French: Functions and Omissions.” Proceedings of Cross-linguistic Discourse Annotation: Applications and Perspectives (TextLink2018), 4–8. Accessed August 17, 2020. http://​textlink​.ii​.metu​.edu​.tr​/sites​/default​/files​/textlink​_proceedings​.pdf
Alcina, Amparo
2008 “Translation Technologies: Scope, Tools and Resources.” Target 20: 79–102. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Alonso, Elisa and Elisa Calvo
2015 “Developing a Blueprint for a Technology-Mediated Approach to Translation Studies.” Meta : journal des traducteurs / Meta: Translators’ Journal 60 (1): 135–157. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Alves, Fabio and Daniel Couto Vale
2011 “On Drafting and Revision in Translation: A Corpus Linguistics-Oriented Analysis of Translation Process Data.” In Translation: Corpora, Computation, Cognition. Special issue on parallel corpora: Annotation, exploitation, evaluation of parallel corpora, edited by Silvia Hansen-Schirra, Stella Neumann and Oliver Čulo, 89–110. Berlin: Language Science Press.Google Scholar
Alves, Fabio and Amparo Hurtado
2017 “Evolution, Challenges, and Perspectives for Research on Cognitive Aspects of Translation.” In The Handbook of Translation and Cognition, edited by John W. Schwieter and Aline Ferreira, 537–555. New York and London: Routledge. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Angelone, Erik, Ehrensberger-Dow, Maureen and Gary Massey
2019 The Bloomsbury Companion to Language Industry Studies. London: Bloomsbury Academic.Google Scholar
Aragones Lumeras, Ester and Andy Way
2017 “On the Complementarity between Human Translators and Machine.” Hermes. Journal of Language and Communication in Business 56: 21–42. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Aston, Guy
2018 “Acquiring the Language of Interpreters: A Corpus-based Approach.” In Making Way in Corpus-based Interpreting Studies, edited by Mariachiara Russo, Claudio Bandazzoli and Bart DeFrancq, 83–96. Berlin: Springer. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Austermühl, Frank
2001 Electronic Tools for Translators. Manchester: St. Jerome.Google Scholar
Bassnett, Susan and André Lefevere
1991 Translation, History and Culture. London: Pinter Publishers.Google Scholar
Bernardini, Silvia, Adriano Ferraresi, Marichiara Russo, Camille Collard and Bart Defrancq
2018 “Building Interpreting and Intermodal Corpora: A How-to for a Formidable Task.” In New Frontiers in Translation Studies: Making Way in Corpus-based Interpreting Studies, edited by Marichiara Russo, Claudio Bendazzoli and Bart Defrancq, 21–42. Singapore: Springer. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Biau, José R.
2006 “Teaching Electronic Tools for Translators Online.” In Translation Technology and its Teaching, edited by Anthony Pym, Alexander Perestrenko and Bram Starink, 89–96. Tarragona: Intercultural Studies Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili.Google Scholar
Biel, Łucja and Vielmini Sosoni
2017 “The Translation of Economics and the Economics of Translation.” Perspectives 25 (3): 351–361. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Bowker, Lynne
2002 Computer-Aided Translation Technology. Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press.Google Scholar
Bowker, Lynne and Gloria Corpas
2015 “Translation Technology.” In The Handbook of Computational Linguistics, edited by Ruslan Mitkov. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Bowker, Lynne and Tom Delsey
2016 “Information Science, Terminology and Translation Studies: Adaptation, Collaboration, Integration.” In Border Crossing: Translation Studies and Other Disciplines, edited by Yves Gambier and Luc Van Doorslaer, 73–96. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Bundgaard, Kristine
2017 “Translator Attitudes towards Translator-Computer Interaction – Findings from a Workplace Study.” HERMES – Journal of Language and Communication in Business 56: 125–144. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Braun, Sabine
2015 “Remote Interpreting.” In The Handbook of Interpreting, edited by Holly Mikkelson and Renee Jourdains, 352–367. New York and London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Bywood, Lyndsay, Panayota Georgakopoulou and Thierry Etchegoyhen
2017 “Embracing the Threat: Machine Translation as a Solution for Subtitling.” Perspectives 25 (3): 492–508. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Camara, Lidia
2015 “Motivation for Collaboration in TED Open Translation.” International Journal of Web-Based Communication 11 (2): 210–229.Google Scholar
Chan, Sin-wai
(2007) “Taking a technological turn: the making of A Dictionary of Translation Technology.” 翻譯學報 10(1): 113–130.Google Scholar
(ed) 2014 The Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Technology. New York and London: Routledge. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(ed.) 2018 The Human Factor in Machine Translation. New York and London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Chaume, Frederic
2018 “An Overview of Audiovisual Translation: Four Methodological Turns in a Mature discipline.” Journal of Audiovisual Translation 1 (1): 40–63. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Chesterman, Andrew
2018 “Moving Conceptual Boundaries: So What?” In Moving Boundaries in Translation Studies, edited by Helle Van Dam, Matilde Brogger and Karen Zethsen, 12–25. New York and London: Routledge. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Christensen, Tina P., Marian Flanagan, and Anne Schjoldager
2017 “Mapping Translation Technology Research into Translation Studies: An Introduction to the Thematic Section.” Hermes – Journal of Language and Communication in Business 56: 7–20. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Cronin, Michael
2003 Translation and Globalization. New York and London: Routledge.Google Scholar
2010 ‘The Translation Crowd.’ Tradumática, 8. http://​www​.fti​.uab​.es​/tradumatica​/revista​/num8​/articles​/04​/04central​.htm. Crossref
2013 Translation in the Digital Age. New York and London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Doherty, Stephen
2012 “Investigating the Effects of Controlled Language on the Reading and Comprehension of Machine Translated Texts: A Mixed-Methods Approach Using Eye Tracking.” PhD Dissertation. Dublin City University.Google Scholar
2016 “The Impact of Translation Technologies on the Process and Product of Translation.” International Journal of Communication Studies 9: 1–23.Google Scholar
Doherty, Stephen and Jean L. Kruger
2018a “Development of Eye Tracking.” In The Seeing into Screens: Eye Tracking and the Moving Image, edited by Tessa Dwyer, Claire Perkins, Sean Redmond and Jodi Sita, 46–64. London and New York: Bloomsbury. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2018b “Assessing Quality in Human-and Machine-Generated Subtitles and Captions Translation Quality Assessment.” In Translation Quality Assessment, edited by Joss Moorkens, Sheila Castilho, Federico Gaspari and Stephen Doherty, 179–197. Singapore: Springer. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Dombek, Magdalena
2014 “A Study into the Motivations of Internet Users Contributing to Translation Crowdsourcing: The Case of Polish Facebook User-Translators.” Unpublished Doctoral Thesis. Dublin City University.Google Scholar
Dunne, Keiran
2006 “A Copernican Revolution.” In Perspectives on Localization, edited by Keiran Dunne, 1–11. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Dragsted, Barbara
2006 “Computer-Aided Translation as a Distributed Cognitive Task.” Pragmatics and Cognition 14 (2): 443–464. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Fantinuoli, Claudio
2018 “Interpreting and Technology: The Upcoming Technological Turn.” In Interpreting and Technology, edited by Claudio Fantinuoli, 1–12. Berlin: Language Science Press.Google Scholar
Flynn, Peter and Yves Gambier
2011 “Methodology in Translation Studies.” In The Handbook of Translation Studies, vol. 2, edited by Yves Gambier and Luc Van Doorslaer, 88–96. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Folaron, Debbie
2006 “A Discipline Coming of Age in the Digital Age. Perspectives on localization.” In Perspectives in Localization, edited by Keiran Dunne, 195–222. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2010 “Networking and Volunteer Translators.” In The Handbook of Translation Studies, vol. 1, edited by Yves Gambier and Luc van Doorslaer, 231–234. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Gambier, Yves
2001 (Multi) Media Translation: Concepts, Practices and Research. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Gambier, Yves and Luc van Doorslaer
2016 Border Crossings: Translation Studies and Other Disciplines. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Ghassemiazghandi, Mozhgan and Tengku Mahadi
2018 “Quality Estimation of Machine Translation for Literature.” In The Human Factor in Machine Translation, edited by Sin-Wai Chan, 183–208. New York and London: Routledge. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Gile, Daniel
2004 “Response to Invited Papers.” Translation Research and Interpreting Research, edited by Cristina Schäffner, 124–127. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Halverson, Sandra
2016 “Cognitive Translation Studies and The Merging of Empirical Paradigms: The Case of ‘Literal Translation’.” Translation Spaces 4 (2): 310–340. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Hermans, Theo
2013 “What is Not Translation?” In The Routledge Handbook of Translation Studies, edited by Carmen Millán-Varela and Federica Bartrina, 75–87. New York and London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Holmes, James
(1988) 2000 “The Name and the Nature of Translation Studies.” In The Translation Studies Reader, edited by Lawrence Venuti, 172–185. New York and London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Hvelplund, Kristian T. and Barbara Dragsted
2018 “Genre Familiarity and Translation Processing.” In Innovation and Expansion in Translation Process Research, edited by Isabel Lacruz and Rita Jaakelainen, 55–76. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Irribarren, Teresa
2018 “Subaltern Mediators in the Digital Landscape.” Target 29 (2): 319–338. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Ji, Meng
2012 “Hypothesis Testing in Corpus-Based Literary Translation Studies.” In Quantitative Methods in Corpus-Based Translation Studies, edited by Michael Oakes and Meng Ji, 53–72. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Jiménez-Crespo, Miguel A.
2009 “The Effect of Translation Memory Tools in Translated Web Texts: Evidence from a Comparative Product-Based Study.” Linguistica Antverpiensia, 8: 213–232.Google Scholar
2013 Translation and Web Localization. New York and London: Routledge. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2017a Crowdsourcing and Online Collaborative Translations: Expanding the Limits of Translation Studies. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2017b “Mobile Apps and translation Crowdsourcing: The Next Frontier in the Evolution of Translation.” Tradumática 14: 75–84. Accessed August 17, 2020. http://​revistes​.uab​.cat​/tradumatica​/article​/view​/167​/pdf​_31
2018 “Localization Research in Translation Studies: Moving Expanding the Limits or Blurring the Line.” In Moving Boundaries in Translation Studies, edited by Helle Van Dam, Matilde Brogger and Karen Korning Zethsen, 12–25. New York and Amsterdam: Routledge.Google Scholar
2020 “Localization.” In The Encyclopedia of Translation Studies, Mona Baker and Gabriela Saldanha, 299–304. New York and London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Jiménez-Crespo, Miguel and Maribel Tercedor
2012 “Applying Corpus Data to Define Needs in Web Localization Training.” Meta : journal des traducteurs / Meta: Translators’ Journal 58 (2): 998–1021. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Jiménez-Serrano, Oscar
2019 “Tecnologías de la interpretación. Introducción.” Tradumatica 17: 20–32.Google Scholar
Kenny, Dorothy
(ed) 2017 Human Issues in Translation Technology. New York and London: Routledge. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2001 Lexis and Creativity in Translation. New York and London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Kruger, Jean L., Doherty, Stephen, Fox, Wendy, and de Lissa, Peter
2018 “Multimodal Measurement of Cognitive Load During Subtitle Processing: Same-Language Subtitles for Foreign Language Viewers.” In New Directions in Cognitive and Empirical Translation Process Research, edited by Isabel Lacruz and Ritta Jääskeläinen, 267–294. London: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Kozinets, Robert V.
2010 Netnography: Doing Ethnographic Research Online. London: SAGE.Google Scholar
Latour, Bruno
2005 Reassembling the Social: An Introduction to Actor-Network Theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Lave, Jean and Etienne Wenger
1991 Situated Learning. Legitimate Peripheral Participation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Laviosa, Sara
2002 Computer-based Translation Studies. Amsterdam: Rodopi.Google Scholar
Leontiev, Aleksej
1987 Activity, Consciousness, and Personality. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
Liang, Wayne Wen-Chu
2016 “Translators’ behaviors from a Sociological Perspective – A Parallel Corpus Study of Fantasy Fiction Translation in Taiwan.” Babel 62 (1): 39–66. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Littau, Karin
2016 “Translation and the Materialities of Communication.” Translation Studies 9 (1): 82–96. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Loffredo, Eugenia and Manuela Perteghella
2006 Translation and Creativity: Perspectives on Creative Writing and Translation Studies. New York: Bloomsbury.Google Scholar
Lagoudaki, Elina
2006 “Translation Memories Survey 2006. Users’ Perceptions Around TM Use.” In Translation and the Computer, edited by ASLIB, 28: 1–29. London, England. Accessed August 17, 2020. http://​mt​-archive​.info​/Aslib​-2006​-Lagoudaki​.pdf
Leblanc, Matthieu
2013 “Translators on Translation Memory (TM). Results of an Ethnographic Study in Three Translation Services and Agencies.” Translation and Interpreting 5 (2): 1–13.Google Scholar
Malmkjaer, Kirsten
2013 “Where are We? From Holmes Map until Now.” In The Routledge Handbook of Translation Studies, edited by Carmen Millán-Varela and Federica Bartrina, 31–44. New York and London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Marais, Kobus
2014 Translation Theory and Development Studies: A Complexity Theory Approach. New York and London: Routledge. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Martín-Mor, Adriá
2012 “Valoració d’un Curs de Tecnologies de la Traducció a distància.” Tradumàtica 10: 230–236.Google Scholar
Mayoral, Ricardo
1997 “Sincronización y Traducción Subordinada: De la Traducción Audiovisual a la Localización de Software y su Integración en la Traducción de Productos Multimedia.” In Proceedings of the First Symposium on Multimedia Localization, edited by Ricardo Mayoral and Antonio Tejada. Granada: Departamento de Lingüística Aplicada a la Traducción e Interpretación. Accessed August 17, 2020. http://​www​.ugr​.es​/~rasensio​/docs​/Multimedia​_.pdf
McDonough-Dolmaya, Julie
2011 “A Window into the Profession: What Translation Blogs Have to Offer Translation Studies.” The Translator 17(1): 77–104. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2012 “Analyzing the Crowdsourcing Model and its Impact on Public Perceptions of Translation.” The Translator 182: 167–191. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2018” “Mapping Translation Blog Networks and Communities.” In Moving Boundaries in Translation Studies, edited by Helle Van Dam, Matilde Brogger and Karen Zethsen, 98–112. New York-London: Routledge. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Melby, Alan and Terry Warner
1995 The Possibility of Language: A Discussion of the Nature of Language, with Implications for Human and Machine Translation. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Mellinger, Chris and Nike Pokorn
2018 “Community Interpreting, Translation and Technology.” Translation and Interpreting Studies 13 (3): 337–341. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Mesipuu, Maarit
2012 “Translation Crowdsourcing and User-Translator Motivation at Facebook and Skype.” Translation Spaces 1: 33–53. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Moorkens, Joss
2018 “Eye Tracking as a Measure of Cognitive Effort for Post-editing Machine Translation.” In Eye Tracking and Multidisciplinary Studies on Translation, edited by Callum Walker and Federico M. Federici, 55–70. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Moorkens, Joss and Sharon O’Brien
2017 “Assessing User Interface Needs of Post-Editors of Machine Translation.” In Human Issues in Translation Technology, edited by Dorothy Kenny, 109–130. London and New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Moorkens, Joss, Antonio Toral, Sheila Castilho, and Andy Way
2018 “Translators’ Perceptions of Literary Post-editing Using Statistical and Neural Machine Translation.” Translation Spaces 7 (2): 240–262. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Munday, Jeremy
2008 Introducing Translation Studies. New York and London: Routledge.Google Scholar
O’Brien, Sharon
2008 “Processing Fuzzy Matches in Translation Memory Tools: An Eye-tracking Analysis.” In Looking at Eyes. Eye-tracking Studies of Reading and Translation Processing, edited by Susanne Göpferich, Arnt Lykke Jakobsen, Inger M. Mees, 79–102. Copenhagen: Samfundslitteratur.Google Scholar
2012 “Translation as Human-Computer Interaction.” Translation Spaces 1: 101–122. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2013 “The Borrowers: Researching the Cognitive Aspects of Translation.” Target 25 (1): 5–17. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
O’Brien, Sharon and Maureen Ehrensberger-Dow
2015 “Ergonomics of the Translation Workplace: Potential for Cognitive Friction.” Translation Spaces 4 (1): 98–118. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
O’Brien, Sharon and Owen Conlan
2018 “Moving Towards Personalising Translation Technology.” In Moving Boundaries in Translation Studies, edited by Helle Van Dam, Matilde Brogger and Karen Zethsen, 81–97. New York and London: Routledge. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
O’Brien, Sharon, Maureen Ehrensberger-Dow, Megan Connolly and Marcel Hasler
2017 “Irritating CAT Tools Features that Matters to Translators.” Hermes 56: 145–162.Google Scholar
O’Hagan, Minako
1996 Coming Industry of Teletranslation. London: Multilingual Matters.Google Scholar
2013 “The Impact of New Technologies on Translation Studies: A Technological Turn?” In The Routledge Handbook of Translation Studies, edited by Carmen Millán-Varela and Francesca Bartrina, 503–518. New York and London: Routledge.Google Scholar
2016 “Massively Open Translation: Unpacking the Relationship Between Technology and Translation in the 21st Century.” International Journal of Communication 10 (2016): 929–946.Google Scholar
2017 “Deconstructing Translation Crowdsourcing with the Case of A Facebook Initiative: A Translation Network of Engineered Autonomy and Trust?” In Human Issues in Translation Technology, edited by Dorothy Kenny, 25–44. Florence, US: Taylor and Francis.Google Scholar
(ed) 2020 The Routledge Handbook of Translation Technology. New York and London: Routledge.Google Scholar
O’Hagan, Minako and Carmen Mangiron
2014 Videogame Localization. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Olohan, Maeve
2011 “Translators and Translation Technology: The Dance of Agency.” Translation Studies 4(3): 342–357. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2014 “Why do you Translate? Motivation to Volunteer and TED translation.” Perspectives: Studies in Translatology 7 (1): 17–33.Google Scholar
2017 “Technology, Translation and Society: A Constructivist, Critical Theory Approach.” Target 29 (2): 264–283. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Olvera-Lobo, María Dolores, Bryan Robinson, Jose Senso, Ricardo Muñoz Martín, Eva Muñoz-Raya, Miguel Murillo-Melero, Enrique Quero-Gervilla, Rosa Castro-Prieto, and Tomás Conde-Ruano
2009 “Teleworking and Collaborative Work Environments in Translation Training.” Babel 55 (2): 165–180. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Orrego-Carmona, David
2011 “The Empirical Study of Non-Professional Subtitling: A Descriptive Approach.” MA Dissertation. Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Spain.Google Scholar
Pavesi, Maria
2018 “Corpus-based Audiovisual Translation Studies: Ample Room for Development.” In The Handbook of Audiovisual Translation Studies, edited by Luis Pérez-González, 315–333. New York and London: Routledge. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Pickering, Andrew
1995 The Mangle of Practice: Time, Agency and Science. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Pérez-González, Luis
2018 “Rewiring the Circuitry of Audiovisual Translation: Introduction.” In The Routledge Handbook of Audiovisual Translation, edited by Luis Pérez-González, 1–12. New York and London: Routledge. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Pym, Anthony
2004 The Moving Text: Localization, Translation and Distribution. Amsterdam-Philadelphia: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2010 Translation Theories Explained. London and New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Quah, Chiew Kin
2006 Translation and Technology. Houndmills and New York: Palgrave Macmillan. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Reineke, Detlef
(ed) 2005 Traducción y Localización. La Palmas de Gran Canaria: Anroart Ediciones.Google Scholar
Remael, Aline
2010 “Audiovisual Translation.” In The Handbook of Translation Studies, vol. 1, edited by Yves Gambier and Luc van Doorslaer, 12–17. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Risku, Hanna
2014 “Translation Process Research as Interaction Research: From Mental to Sociocognitive Processes.” Minding Translation – MonTI Special Issue 1: 331–353.Google Scholar
Risku, Hanna and Angela Dickinson
2009 “Translators as Networkers: The Role of Virtual Communities.” Hermes 42: 49–70.Google Scholar
Risku, Hanna and Florian Windhanger
2013 “Extended Translation: A Sociocognitive Research Agenda.” Target 13: 33–45. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Risku, Hanna, Regina Rogl and Christina Pein-Weber
2016 “Mutual Dependencies: Centrality in Translation Networks.” Jostrans: The Journal of Specialized Translation 25: 1–22. Accessed August 17, 2020. http://​www​.jostrans​.org​/issue25​/art​_risku​.pdf
Roukonen, Kaisa and Minna Koskinen
2017 “Dancing with Technology: Translators Narratives on the Dance of Human and Machine Agency in Translation Work.” The Translator 23 (3): 310–323. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Ruano, Pablo
2017 “Corpus Methodologies in Literary Translation Studies: An Analysis of Speech Verbs in Four Spanish Translations of Hard Times.” Meta : journal des traducteurs / Meta: Translators’ Journal 62 (1): 94–113. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Rundle, Christopher and Vicente Rafael
2016 “History and Translation.” In Border Crossings: Translation Studies and Other Disciplines, edited by Yves Gambier and Luc van Doorslaer, 23–48. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Saldanha, Gabriela
2009 “Linguistic Approaches.” In Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies, 2nd edition, edited by Mona Baker and Gabriela Saldanha, 148–52. London and New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Sandrini, Peter
2016 “Towards a Digital Translation Policy.” In Language in the Digital Era. Challenges and Perspectives, edited by Daniel Dejica, ‎Gyde Hansen and ‎Peter Sandrini, 50–59. Berlin: De Gruyter.Google Scholar
Secară, Alina, Merten, Pescalin and Yamile Ramírez
2009 “What’s in Your Blend? Creating Blended Resources for Translator Training.” The Interpreter and Translator Trainer 3 (2): 275–294.Google Scholar
Snell-Hornby, Mary
2006 The Turns of Translation Studies. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2010 “The Turns in Translation Studies.” In The Handbook of Translation Studies, vol. 1, edited by Yves Gambier and Luc van Doorslaer, 366–370. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Teixeira, Carlos and Sharon O’Brien
2018 “Overcoming Methodological Challenges of Eye Tracking in the Translation Workspace.” In Eye Tracking and Multidisciplinary Studies on Translation, edited by Callum Walker and Federico M. Federici, 33–54. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Toral, Antonio and Andy Way
2014 “Machine-Assisted Translation of Literary Text: A Case Study.” Translation Spaces 4 (2): 240–267. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2018 “What Level of Quality can Neural Machine Translation Attain on Literary Text?” In Translation Quality Assessment: From Principles to Practice, edited by Joss Moorkens, Sheila Castilho, Federico Gaspari and Stephen Doherty, 263–287. New York: Springer International Publishing. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Van Dam, Helle, Matile Brogger, and Karen Zethsen
(eds) 2018 Moving Boundaries in Translation Studies. New York and London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Vandepitte, Sonia
2017 “Recognizing Social Aspects of Translation.” In The Handbook of Translation and Cognition, edited by John W. Schwieter and Aline Ferreira, 165–175. New York and London: Routledge. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Vasconcellos, Muriel
1988 Technology as Translation Strategy. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Wolf, Michaela
2007 “Introduction: The Emergence of a Sociology of Translation.” In Constructing a Sociology of Translation, edited Michaela Wolf and Alexandra Fukari, 1–36. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2017 “A ‘Performative Turn’ in Translation Studies? Reflections from a Sociological Perspective.” Translation and Performance 9(1): 27–44.Google Scholar
Wolf, Michaela and Alexandra Fukari
(eds) 2007 Constructing a Sociology of Translation. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Youdale, Roy
2019 Using Technology in the Translation of Literary Style: Challenges and Opportunities. New York and London: Routledge. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Zanettin, Federico
2017 “Issues in Computer-Assisted Literary Translation Studies.” Intralinea. Special Issue: Corpora and Literary Translation Issues in Computer-Assisted Literary Translation Studies 2017. Accessed August 17, 2020. http://​www​.intralinea​.org​/specials​/article​/issues​_in​_computer​_assisted​_literary​_translation​_studies
Zubillaga, Zuriñe, Naroa Uribarri and Ibon Sanz
2015 “Building a Trilingual Parallel Corpus to Analyse Literary Translations from German into Basque.” In New Directions in Corpus-based Translation Studies, edited by Claudio Fantinuoli and Federico Zanettin, Berlin: Language Science Press.Google Scholar