Nicholas Evans | CoEDL | Linguistics, Australian National University
Honoré Watanabe | ILCAA, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies
This chapter has a triple function, as an introduction to the phenomenon of insubordination with particular exemplification from the Australian language Kayardild, a review article drawing together the last decade of research on the topic, and a reasoned synthesis of the chapters comprising this volume, organised around a number of interwoven thematic strands.Insubordination, we argue, is a key site for understanding the dynamic and constant interplay of parole and langue, i.e. of actual spoken data in discourse on the one hand, and grammatical models used by speakers (or grammarians) on the other. It is also a prime example of the benefits that can be reaped by seeing the sentences that underlie utterances as collaboratively constructed during dyadic interaction.Since the typological survey and initial model of insubordination put forward by Evans (2007), many studies have extended our empirical coverage of the phenomenon in the languages of the world, found new functions for structures originating through insubordination, or challenged aspects of the original model. Particularly important have been the development of improved mechanisms for representing constructional meaning, increasing attention to the grammar of interaction and actual conversational data, better incorporation of prosody into our models of syntax and conversation, and the use of corpora of actual rather than elicited speech. All these trends have enriched our understanding of the variety of functions that insubordination can discharge, and the embedding of its evolution in actual conversational practice. Once such functions are taken into account, insubordination ceases to be seen as an odd and marginal aberration, and instead appears as a typologically widespread consequence of speakers’ search for formal means of embedding their utterances in the wider discourse, whether dyadic or narrative.
2009Doing Referring in Murriny Patha Conversation. PhD dissertation, University of Sydney.
Blythe, Joe
2013Preference organization driving structuration: Evidence from Australian Aboriginal interaction for pragmatically motivated grammaticalization. Language 89(4): 883–919.
1999Language, linear precedence and parentheticals. In The Clause in English. In Honour of Rodney Huddleston [Studies in Language Companion Series 45], Peter Collins & David Lee (eds), 33–52. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Buscha, Annerose
1976Isolierte Nebensätze im dialogischen Text. Deutsch als Fremdsprache 13: 274–279.
Cable, Seth
2011Insubordination in Tlingit: An areal effect?Northwest Journal of Linguistics 5(1): 1–38.
Debaisieux, Jeanne-Marie
2006La distinction entre dépendance grammaticale et dépendance macrosyntaxique comme moyen de résoudre les paradoxes de la subordination. Faits de Langue 28: 119–132.
Debaisieux, Jeanne-Marie, Deulofeu, Henri-José & Martin, Philippe
2008Pour une syntaxe sans ellipse. In Ellipse et effacement: Du schème de phrase aux règles discursives, Jean-Christophe Pitavy & Michèle Bigot (eds), 225–246. Saint-Étienne: Publications de l’Université de Saint Étienne.
Dench, Alan & Evans, Nicholas
1988Multiple case-marking in Australian languages. Australian Journal of Linguistics 8: 1–48.
Deulofeu, José
1988La syntaxe de que en français parlé et le problème de la subordination. Recherches sur le Français Parlé 8: 79–104.
Deulofeu, José
1999Problèmes méthodologiques de l’analyse morphosyntaxique de que en français contemporain. Recherches sur le Français Parlé 15: 163–198.
Enfield, Nick & Levinson, Stephen C
(eds)2006Roots of Human Sociality: Culture, Cognition and Interaction. Oxford: Berg.
Evans, Nicholas
1985A Grammar of Kayardild, with Historical-comparative Notes on Tangkic. PhD dissertation, Australian National University.
Evans, Nicholas
1988Odd topic marking in Kayardild. In Complex Sentence Constructions in Australian Languages [Typological Studies in Language 15], Peter Austin (ed.), 219–266. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Evans, Nicholas
1993Code, inference, placedness and ellipsis. In The Role of Theory in Linguistic Description, William A. Foley (ed.), 243–280. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Evans, Nicholas
1995aA Grammar of Kayardild. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Evans, Nicholas
1995bMultiple case in Kayardild: Anti-iconicity and the diachronic filter. In Double Case. Agreement by Suffixaufnahme, Frans Plank (ed.), 396–428. Oxford: OUP.
Evans, Nicholas
2003aTypologies of agreement: Some problems from Kayardild. Transactions of the Philological Society 101(2): 203–234.
Evans, Nicholas
2003bIntroduction: Comparative Non-Pama-Nyungan and Australian historical linguistics. In The Non-Pama-Nyungan Languages of Northern Australia: Comparative Studies of the Continent’s Most Linguistically Complex Region, Nicholas Evans (ed.), 3–25. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.
Evans, Nicholas
2007Insubordination and its uses. In Finiteness: Theoretical and Empirical Foundations, Irina Nikolaeva (ed.), 366–431. Oxford: OUP.
Evans, Nicholas
2009Insubordination and the grammaticalisation of interactive presuppositions. Paper presented at
conference on Methodologies in Determining Morphosyntactic Change
, Osaka, Museum of Ethnography, March.
Fujii, Seiko
1992On the idiomaticity of conditional constructions in Japanese. In CIL1992: Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Congress of Linguists, André Crochetiere, Jean-Claude Boulanger & Conrad Ouellon (eds), 59–62. Québec: Les Presses De l’Université Lavel.
Fujii, Seiko
2000A corpus-based study of reduced conditionals in Japanese conversation. In Selected papers from AILA’99 Tokyo. Proceedings of the 1999 International Congress of Applied Linguistics. Tokyo: Waseda Univesity Press.
2011Gramática de construcciones en interacción. Propuesta de un modelo y aplicación al análisis de estructuras independientes con marcas de subordinación en español. PhD dissertation, Universitat de Barcelona. [URL]
Grosz, Patrick Georg
2011On the Grammar of Optative Constructions. PhD dissertation, MIT.
Guy, Gregory R
1996Post-Saussurean linguistics: Towards an integrated theory of language. In (N)WAVES and MEANS: A selection of papers from NWAVE 24 [University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics 3:1], Miriam Meyerhoff (ed.), 1–24.
Hale, Kenneth
1976The adjoined relative clause in Australia. In Grammatical Categories in Australian Languages, Robert M.W. Dixon (ed.), 78–105. Canberra: AIATSIS.
Hale, Kenneth
1982Some essential features of Warlpiri verbal clauses. In Papers in Warlpiri grammar: In Memory of Lothar Jagst, Steven Swartz (ed.), 217–315. Darwin: SIL-AAB.
Heine, Bernd & Reh, Mechtild
1984Grammaticalisation and Reanalysis in African Languages. Hamburg: Helmut Buske.
Heritage, John & Raymond, Geoffrey
2005The terms of agreement: Indexing epistemic authority and subordination in Talk-in-Interaction. Social Psychology Quarterly 68: 15–38.
Himmelmann, Nikolaus P
2014Asymmetries in the prosodic phrasing of function words: Another look at the suffixing preference. Language 90(4): 927–960.
Jespersen, Otto
1917Negation in English and Other Languages. København: Bianco Lunos Bogtrykkeri.
2007Discourse structure. In Language Typology and Syntactic Description, Vol. 2: Complex Constructions, Timothy Shopen (ed.), 301-371. Cambridge: CUP.
Keen, Sandra
1983Yukulta. In Handbook of Australian languages, Vol. 3, Robert M.W. Dixon & Barry Blake (eds), 191–304. Canberra: ANU Press.
Lakoff, Robin
1968Abstract Syntax and Latin Complementation. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
Lehmann, Christian
1985Grammaticalization. Synchronic variation and diachronic change. Lingua e Stile 20: 303-318.
Levinson, Stephen C
1988Putting linguistics on a proper footing: Explorations in Goffmann’s concepts of participation. In Erving Goffmann. Exploring the Interaction Order, Paul Drew & Anthony Wooton (eds), 161–227. Abingdon: Polity Press.
Levinson, Stephen C
2006On the human “interaction engine”. In Enfield & Levinson, 39–69.
Lombardi Vallauri, Edoardo
2003“Pragmaticizzazione” dell’incompletezza sintattica nell’italiano parlato: Le ipotetiche sospese. In Il parlato italiano, Federico Albano Leoni, Francesco Cutugno, Massimo Pettorino & Renata Savy (eds). Napoli: Atti del Convegno Nazionale, D’Auria Editore.
Lombardi Vallauri, Edoardo
2004Grammaticalization of syntactic incompleteness: Free conditions in Italian and other languages. SKY Journal of Linguistics 17: 189–215.
Lombardi Vallauri, Edoardo
2005Come era il parlato di lingue antiche: Le ipotetiche libere. Studi Italiani di Linguistica e Applicata 2: 225–255.
Lombardi Vallauri, Edoardo
2009Ipotetiche libere nel non parlato. In Sintassi storica e sincronica dell'italiano: Subordinazione, coordinazione, giustapposizione (Atti del X Congresso Internazionale SILFI, Basilea, giugno-luglio 2008), Angela Ferrari (ed.), 1333–1355. Firenze: Franco Cesati.
2013Verbalisation and insubordination in Siberian languages. In Shared Grammaticalization. With Special Focus on the Transeurasian Languages [Studies in Language Companion Series 132], Martine Robbeets & Hubert Cuyckens (eds), 177–208. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
McConvell, Patrick
1982How Lardil became accusative. Lingua 55:141–179.
Meakins, Felicity
2016No fixed address: The locative in insubordinate clauses in Gurindji Kriol. In Loss and Renewal: Australian Languages since Colonisation, Felicity Meakins & Carmel O’Shannessy (eds), 367–396. Berlin: De Gruyter.
Mithun, Marianne
2008The extension of dependency beyond the sentence. Language 81(1): 69–119.
Montolío, Estrella
1999¡Si nunca he dicho que estuviera enamorada de él! Sobre construcciones independientes introducidas por si con valor replicativo. Oralia 2: 37–70.
2000Framing effect in Japanese non-final clauses: Toward an optimal grammar-pragmatics interface. Berkeley Linguistic Society 23: 471–480.
Panther, Klaus-Uwe & Thornburg, Linda L
2005Motivation and convention in some speech act constructions: A cognitive linguistic approach. In Reviewing Linguistic Thought: Converging Trends for the 21st Century, Sophia Marmaridou, Kiki Nikiforidou & Eleni Antonopoulou (eds), 53–76. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
1999Semantics. In The MIT Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences, Robert A. Wilan & Frank C. Keil (eds), 739–742. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
Robbeets, Martine
2009Insubordination in Altaic. Journal of Philology. Ural-Altaic Studies 1: 61–79.
Rodríguez Ramalle, Teresa María
2008Estudio sintáctico y discursivo de algunas estructuras enunciativas y citativas del español. Revista Española de Lingüística Aplicada 21: 269–288.
Round, Erich
2012Kayardild Morphology and Syntax. Oxford: OUP.
San Roque, Lila
2008An Introduction to Duna Grammar. PhD dissertation, Australian National University.
Schegloff, Emmanuel
1982Discourse as an interactional achievement: Some uses of ‘uh huh!’ and other things that come between sentences. In Georgetown University Roundtable on Languages and Linguistics, Deborah Tannen (ed.), 71–93. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press.
Schlobinski, Peter
n.d. The function of non-embedded daß-clauses in therapeutic discourse. Ms.
Schwenter, Scott
1996The pragmatics of independent si-clauses in Spanish. Hispanic Linguistics 8(2): 316–351.
Schwenter, Scott
1999Sobre la sintaxis de una construcción coloquial: Oraciones independientes con si. Annuari de Filologia XXI(9): 87–100.
Simone, Raffaele
2010Espaces instables entre coordination et subordination. In La parataxe, Marie-José Béguelin, Mathieu Avanzi & Gilles Corminboeuf (eds), 231–254. Bern: Peter Lang.
Stirling, Lesley
1999Isolated if-clauses in Australian English. In The Clause in English. In Honour of Rodney Huddleston [Studies in Language Companion Series 45], Peter Collins & David Lee (eds), 273–294. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Verstraete, Jean-Christophe, D’Hertefelt, Sarah & Van linden, An
1983Nicht-eingebettete Nebensätze mit Verb-Endstellung. Zur Wortstellungsproblematik im Deutschen, Klaus Olszok and Edith Weuster (eds), 7–87. Tübingen: Niemeyer.
2022. Háthogy esetleg netalántán azt gondolnátok rólam.... Jelentés és Nyelvhasználat 9:1 ► pp. 43 ff.
Fedriani, Chiara
2021. Conditional clauses as polite modifiers in Latin:si placetbetween pragmaticalization and language contact. Transactions of the Philological Society 119:3 ► pp. 346 ff.
2021. The Insubordination of If- and That-Clauses from Archaic to Post-Classical Greek: A Diachronic Constructional Typology. Symbolae Osloenses 95:1 ► pp. 2 ff.
Labiano, Mikel
2023. Griego antiguo εἰ μή … γε. Respuesta no preferida replicativa e insubordinación. Cuadernos de Filología Clásica. Estudios griegos e indoeuropeos 33 ► pp. 69 ff.
Miller, Jim & Andreea S. Calude
2020. Speaking and Writing English. In The Handbook of English Linguistics, ► pp. 547 ff.
2022. Esettanulmány a vizuális modalitású nem verbális viselkedés multimodális kommunikációban betöltött szerepéről. Jelentés és Nyelvhasználat 9:1 ► pp. 59 ff.
Shagal, Ksenia, Pavel Rudnev & Anna Volkova
2022. Multifunctionality and syncretism in non-finite forms: an introduction. Folia Linguistica 56:3 ► pp. 529 ff.
Stoenica, Ioana-Maria & Simona Pekarek Doehler
2021. Fonctionnement macro-syntaxique et dimension anaphorique des relatives produites post hoc : une analyse interactionnelle et multimodale. Langue française N° 210:2 ► pp. 101 ff.
Visapää, Laura
2022. Infinitives of affect and intersubjectivity: on the indexical interpretation of the Finnish independent infinitives. Cognitive Linguistics 33:3 ► pp. 521 ff.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 12 april 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.