Bernd Heine | Institut für Afrikanistik, Universität zu Köln, Germany
Gunther Kaltenböck | Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik, Universität Wien, Austria
Tania Kuteva | University of Düsseldorf | SOAS, University of London
The chapter is concerned more generally with what, following Evans (2007), we call insubordinated (or insubordinate) clauses, that is, with the conventionalized main clause use of what, prima facie, appear to be formally subordinate clauses. Insubordinated clauses are, as we argue here, information units that are coopted from a construction type [matrix clause – subordinate clause] where the matrix clause is implied but not formally expressed. Based on recent findings on discourse grammar analysis (Kaltenböck et al. 2011; Heine et al. 2013), three basic types of insubordinated clauses are distinguished and the nature of such clauses is accounted for with reference to the mechanism of cooptation from one domain of grammar to another.
1997“I think” – an English modal particle. Modality in Germanic Languages: Historical and Comparative Perspectives, Toril Swan & Olaf Jansen-Westvik (eds), 1–47. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Arroyo, José Luis Blas
2011From politeness to discourse marking: The process of pragmaticalization of muy bien in vernacular Spanish. Journal of Pragmatics 43: 855–874.
Auer, Peter & Günthner, Susanne
2005Die Entstehung von Diskursmarkern im Deutschen – ein Fall von Grammatikalisierung? In Grammatikalisierung im Deutschen, [Linguistik - Impulse & Tendenzen 9], Torsten Leuschner, Tanja Mortelmans & Sarah De Groodt (eds), 335–362. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.
Bayer, Klaus
1973Verteilung und Funktion der sogenannten Parenthese in Texten. Deutsche Sprache 1: 64–115.
Blakemore, Diane
1987Semantic Constraints on Relevance. Oxford: Blackwell.
Brinton, Laurel J
2008The Comment Clause in English: Syntactic Origins and Pragmatic Development [Studies in English Language]. Cambridge: CUP.
Buscha, Annerose
1976Isolierte Nebensätze im dialogischen Satz. Deutsch als Fremdsprache 13: 274–279.
D’Hertefelt, Sarah
2013Independent conditional clauses in Germanic languages. Paper presented at
Compex Sentences International Workshop
, Leuven, 16 November.
de Vries, Mark
n.d. The syntax of nonsubordination: Parenthesis, appositions and grafts. Unpublished MS.
2010On the status of discourse markers. Acta Linguistica Hungarica 57(1): 3–28.
Dik, Simon C
1997The Theory of Functional Grammar, Part 2: Complex and Derived Constructions [Functional Grammar Series 21]. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Ducrot, Oswald & Bourcier, Daniele
1980Les mots du discours. Paris: Minuit.
Espinal, M. Teresa
1991The representation of disjunct constituents. Language 67: 726–762.
Evans, Nicholas
2007Insubordination and its uses. In Finiteness: Theoretical and Empirical Foundations, Irina Nicolaeva (ed.), 366–431. Oxford: OUP.
Evans, Nicholas
2009Insubordination and the grammaticalisation of interactive presuppositions. Paper presented at
Methodologies in Determining Syntactic Change Conference
, Osaka, March.
Frank-Job, Barbara
2006A dynamic-interactional approach to discourse markers. In Approaches to Discourse Particles, Kerstin Fischer (ed.), 395–413. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Fujii, Seiko
2012Insubordination of conditional constructions in Japanese. Paper presented at the
symposium on Dynamics of Insubordination, Research Institut for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa
, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, October 25–28.
Furkó, Bálint Péter
2005The Pragmatic Marker – Discourse Marker Dichotomy Reconsidered: The Case of well and of course. PhD dissertation, Debreceni Egyetem, Bölcsészettudományi Kar, Debrecen.
Grenoble, Lenore
2004Theticals in Russian. Journal of Pragmatics 36(11): 1953–1974.
Haegeman, Liliane
2003Conditional clauses: External and internal syntax. Mind and Language 18(4): 317–339.
Heine, Bernd
2013On discourse markers: Grammaticalization, pragmaticalization, or something else?Linguistics 51(6): 1205–1247.
Heine, Bernd, Kaltenböck, Gunther & Kuteva, Tania
2015Some observations on the evolution of utterance-final particles. In Final Particles, [Trends in Linguistics, Studies and Monographs 284]. Sylvie Hancil, Alexander Haselow & Margje Post (eds), 111–140. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.
2007And-parenthetical clauses. In Parentheticals [Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today 106], Nicole Dehé & Yordanka Kavalova (eds), 145–172. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Kuroda, Sige-Yuki
1972The categorical and the thetic judgment: Evidence from Japanese syntax. Foundations of Language 9: 153–185.
Lambrecht, Knud
1994Information Structure and Language Form. Cambridge: CUP.
McGregor, William B
1997Semiotic Grammar. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Mithun, Marianne
2008The extension of dependency beyond the sentence. Language 84(1): 69–119.
Mosegaard Hansen, Maj-Britt
1998The semantic status of discourse markers. Lingua 104(3-4): 235–260.
Mosegaard Hansen, Maj-Britt
2008Particles at the Semantics/pragmatics Interface: Synchronic and Diachronic Issues. A Study with Special Reference to the French Phrasal Adverbs. Oxford: Elsevier.
1995Zur Syntax von Parenthesen. Linguistische Berichte 156: 85–108.
Rhee, Seongha
2002From silence to grammar: Grammaticalization and ellipsis in Korean. Paper presented at the
conference on New Reflections on Grammaticalization II
, University of Amsterdam, April 3–6.
2006Theticity. In Pragmatic Organization of Discourse in the Languages of Europe, Giuliano Bernini & Marcia L. Schwartz (eds), 255–308. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Siepmann, Dirk
2005Discourse Markers across Languages: A Contrastive Study of Second-level Discourse Markers in Native and Non-native Text with Implications for General and Pedagogic Lexicography. Abingdon: Routledge.
2000Zur Beschreibung der Syntax des français parlé (mit einem Exkurs zu “thetisch” und “kategorisch”). In Diskursanalyse: Untersuchungen zum gesprochenen Französisch, Barbara Wehr & Helga Thomaßen (eds), 239–289. Frankfurt: Peter Lang.
Weuster, Edith
1983Nicht-eingebettete Nebensätze mit Verb-Endstellung. Zur Wortstellungsproblematik im Deutschen [Studien zur Deutschen Grammatik 20], Klaus Olszok & Edith Weuster (eds), 7–87. Tübingen: Niemeyer.
Wilson, Deirdre & Sperber, Dan
1993Linguistic form and relevance. Lingua 90: 1–25.
2022. On the extended uses of -ki and -m nominalization constructions as face-threat mitigators in Korean. Lingua 274 ► pp. 103230 ff.
Farahani, Mehrdad Vasheghani & Zahra Ghane
2022. Unpacking the function(s) of discourse markers in academic spoken English: a corpus-based study. The Australian Journal of Language and Literacy 45:1 ► pp. 49 ff.
Ghane, Zahra & Mehrdad Vasheghani Farahani
2022. Function and translation of the thetical you know: a parallel corpus-based investigation of English and Persian. Corpora 17:3 ► pp. 363 ff.
Kaltenböck, Gunther & Evelien Keizer
2022. Insubordinateif-clauses in FDG: Degrees of independence. Open Linguistics 8:1 ► pp. 675 ff.
Kruijsdijk, Iris, Nina van der Vlugt & Jenneke van der Wal
2021. The Insubordination of If- and That-Clauses from Archaic to Post-Classical Greek: A Diachronic Constructional Typology. Symbolae Osloenses 95:1 ► pp. 2 ff.
la Roi, Ezra
2022. Insubordination in Archaic and Classical Latin: commands, requests, wishes and assertives. Journal of Latin Linguistics 21:1 ► pp. 23 ff.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 19 july 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.