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Evidence-Based Acquisition
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Journal mutations
Part of
Egophoricity
Edited by Simeon Floyd, Elisabeth Norcliffe and Lila San Roque
[
Typological Studies in Language
118] 2018
► pp.
499
–
505
◄
previous
Subject index
A
A/B-event
363, 366
access (to knowledge/to an event)
3, 7n2, 9, 270, 348–349, 366–370, 424, 426
differential access
15, Chapter 5
direct access
93–94, 131, 181, 323, 457–458
exclusive access
129
information access (symmetric/asymmetric)
182, 184, 188, 193
mutual/equal access
39, 449
privileged access
2, 7, 9–10, 15, 66–67, Chapter 2, 119, 131, 183, 211, 212, 216, 416, 418, 424, 431, 458, 463, 490 ;
see also
epistemic access
accident
see
volition
acquisition Chapter 14
492
actor
19–21, 29, 41, 62, 81–86, 101, 130–132, 142, 155, 271–272, 284–285, 287, 294–295, 298n17, 299, 311, 316, 338, 380–382, 475–476
addressee interrogative
see
question
adjacency pair
102
see also
question-answer pair
advice-giving
11, 157
affectedness
19n5, 21, 22–24, 327, 332–334, 336–337, 397n10
agency
20, 24, 31, 92, 283, 423, 449
agent
10, 20, 85, 91, 93, 101, 297, 327, 330, 448–449, 475, 478–479, 487–488, 490
agentive/patientive (egophoric form)
19, 23
agentivity
19, 23, 54, 56, 124, 275, 276, 277n6, 295, 298n17, 299, 311, 334
personal agency marker
326
agreement
see
person marking
alterphoric
8, 19, 110, 128, 134
ambiguity, resolution of
49, 157–158, 228, 280
Amdo Sprachbund
37, 173–174, 189–190, 193, 198, 231–232
analogic change
45, 247, 249, 259, 260, 262
animacy
16–17, 81, 88, 272–273
annoyance, expression of
34, 188, 213–215
answer, expectations concerning
27, 122, 156, 163, 210, 286, 287, 353, 360–363, 379, 387, 426 ;
see also
anticipation, rule of; question-answer sequence
anticipation, rule of
278, 280, 287, 290–291, 299, 306, 361, 381, 384, 391, 458, 475–477, 485, 490
areality
36–41, 167, 170, 189–192, 193, 235, 263, 378, 444
aspect (and egophoricity)
16, 57, 87, 99, 113, 134, 143, 145, 176, 179–180, 182, 274, 325
aspectual auxiliary
89–91, 93–100
completive
90, 93
current relevance
90
durative
240, 249, 250, 253, 255–259, 314, 486
imperfective/perfective
3, 16, 19, 22, 25, 26, 38, 44, 80–84, 90, 92, 99, Chapter 3, 143, 145, 146, 150, 179–180, 200, 203, 228, 236, 238, 243, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 253, 255, 256, 257, 260, 264, 397, 492
mirativity and
114, 116, 117, 127–128
origin of egophoric markers and
43–44, Chapter 8
perfect
44, 90
progressive
116, 155n2, 198n2, 248
resultative
44, 176, 200n7, 240, 242, 243, 244, 251, 264, 325, 328–329
assertion
8, 33, 34, 54, 88, 132, 146, 156, 165, 209, 212–213, 220, 288, 309, 321, 351, 361, 363, 458, 463, 479
assertion of confidence
212, 221
assertion of primary knowerhood/epistemic authority
18, 21, 28–29, 31, 34, 36, 53, 66, 131, 311, 416, 466, 480
assertive contexts, restriction to
332, 334
assertive modality
39
assertiveness
30–31, 33, 34, 422, 451, 462
counter-assertive
275
assertor role
8, 309, 311, 318, 350, 378, 380
asymmetry
of epistemic access
101–102, 182, 184, 188, 270, 355, 367, 371, 440, 450
of power
184
see also
egophoric distribution
attitude report
307, 315, 474 ;
see also
logophoricity; reported speech
auditory evidence
383, 390 ;
see also
sensory evidential
auxiliary (verb)
43, 89–91, 94–100, 120n9, 176, 177–178, 180–182, 190, 192, 203, 314, 322, 325, 330–336, 356
B
best possible grounds (evidential)
54, 274, 288, 323–326
binary distinction
16, 38, 55, 59, 117, 148, 169, 199–200, 226–228, 236, 242, 279, 318, 367
boasting
208, 218
bodily (process/state)
184, 294, 356–357, 413, 488 ;
see also
volition
borrowing
110n1, 192, 202n9, 238, 239, 251–252, 254, 317n11
broad/narrow definition (of egophoricity, evidentiality)
2, 9, 19, 27, 41, 48, 52, 57, 66–68, 273, 277, 326, 406
Buddhism
96, 110n1, 170, 174
C
case marking
186–187, 272–273, 289–292, 297, 299–300
causative
14, 89–100
certainty
30–31, 129, 133, 134, 184, 188, 209, 211, 236, 242, 254, 274, 323, 329, 423, 427
uncertainty
128, 129, 134, 157, 187, 285, 360
clause-chaining
18, 383
closeness
see
intimacy
co-reference (in reported speech)
45, 62–64, 83–84, 147–148, 182, 204–206, 308, 327, 339, 350–351, 475–476
cognitive state
97, 354, 356–357 ;
see also
access, volition
command
34, 35n12, 246n12, 462n12
directive
18, 418
imperative
18, 89, 91, 180, 228, 408n1, 420, 453, 462n12
response to a command
427, 459
commitment (of speaker/addressee)
184, 187, 274, 348, 359, 360–362, 427
common ground
141, 367 ;
see also
shared knowledge
common knowledge (evidential)
124n11, 159, 166, 178
complex perspective
see
perspective
complex predicate
291, 291n14
concern, expression of
210, 228
confirmation
189
confirmation, request for
35n12, 364, 451–453, 458
confirmative suffix
243, 251
congruence (and sentence type markers)
356, 363, 366
congruent/non-congruent
8, 60, 283, 286, 307, 477, 483, 485, 487, 488
conjunct-disjunct
8, 33, 45, 49–50, 57, 62–64, 79–80, 84–86, 109, 116–117, 142, 147, 148, 167n5, 177, 198, 206, 221, 229, 230, 252n15, 277, 306, 347, Chapter 12, 407, 413, 419, 438, Chapter 15
conservative dialect
252
conservative register
94
constatif
380
contact
see
language contact
contact language
see
lingua franca
content interrogative/question
see
question
control
92, 93, 121, 146, 155, 178, 186, 209, 211, 222, 285, 294, 349, 350, 358, 416, 418, 427, 432, 488
control/non-control verb
80–83, 85, 86, 90, 91, 204n12, 475
lack of control
150, 160, 186–187, 203–204, 208, 210, 213–214, 227, 255, 289, 290, 417, 423
conversation (genre or data)
82n4, 90, 91, 126, 130, 131, 133, 187, 188, Chapter 7, 230, Chapter 9, 410n2, 422, 425, 429n7, Chapter 14
conversation analysis
361
copula
11–13, 17, 32, 42–43, 46, 112–113, 119–120, 122, 178–179, 192, 200, 228, 236, 247, 248, 260, 294, 313n7, 335–336
coreference
see
co-reference
creolization
173
cyclical change
307
D
de se
85n6, 307, 326, 338, Chapter 15
default
choice of marking
61, 81–83, 121, 132, 237, 238, 243, 245, 367
distributional pattern
9–11, 18, 24–27, 85
epistemic gradient
361, 361n11, 364
inference/interpretation
11n4, 47, 85, 133, 178, 180, 190, 279
lexical semantics
81, 85
deictic centre or deictic shift
64–65, 392, 393, 394, 419 ;
see also
perspective
denial
33, 220, 215
deontic (modality)
454, 462n12
desiderative
157, 293–294
diachrony (of egophoricity)
28n11, 41–48, 53, 65, 80, 94–100, 113, 120n9, 189–192, Chapter 8, 331n15
direct evidential
8, 30, 44, 46, 59, 133, 155, 159–162, 165, 166, 190, 192, 239, 240, 242, 243, 245, 264, 288n12, 318–326, 397–399
direct experience/knowledge
3, 4, 38, 86, 102, 128, 132, 133, 134, 144, 157, 177, 178, 229, 243, 253, 277n6, 281, 290–291, 298–299, 322, 332–333, 382, 481
directive
see
command
disambiguate
see
ambiguity
discourse context
157–158, 201n8, 211, 219, 222
discourse role
9, 67, 80, 102, 309, 311, 318
distancing (effect)
110, 185–186, 227, 229, 237, 252, 355, 424
double marking
262, 264, 257
doubt
97, 134, 211–213
dreams
131, 380, 382, 386, 387, 414
Drukpa Künle
125, 125n13, 130
dubitative
128, 280, 285 ;
see also
doubt; certainty
E
ego evidentiality
9n3, 139–140, 177–188, 190, 192–193, 326–334, 380, 400
as a product of default inference
11n4, 47
use/non-use in questions
57, 306, 334, 337
egophoric/non-egophoric distribution
4–5, 9–10, 37, 39, 40
diachronic perspectives on
41–48, Chapter 2, Chapter 8
epiphenomenal
49, Chapter 12, Chapter 13
evidentials and
55, Chapter 10, Chapter 12, Chapter 13
indexical
48–50
mirativity and
59–61, Chapter 3
motivations for
Chapter 2, Chapter 5, 277–278, Chapter 11, Chapter 14, Chapter 15
variation and flexibility
18–36, Chapter 7, Chapter 10, Chapter 11 ;
see also
person sensitivity
elicited data
82n4, 83n5, 115, 117, 120, 121, 129, 131, 132, 140, 158–163, 167, 169, 174, 207, 210, 211, 217, 228, 230, 260, 273n1, 276, 278, 284, 288n12, 312n5, 347n3, 386, 390, 418, 427
interference from language of elicitation
163n4
embedded clause
62, 63n23, 81, 83, 83n5, 84, 142, 148, 281, 327, 429 ;
see also
reported speech
embodied experience
9, 48, 277n6
emotion
63, 83, 97, 100, 158–160, 290–293, 326–327, 356, 481
endopathic
20, 22–23, 272–273, 289, 296, 299, 413
endophoric (evidential)
327, 332, 336, 397
epistemic
access
7, 280, 348, 356, 357, 363, 430, 431, 458
authority
7, 17, 21, 27, 29, 34, 81–86, 90, 100, 286, 309, 318, 355, 358–359, 371, 379, 407, 418, 451–452, 466–467, 476, 482, 492
argument
295
evaluation
102
gradient
348, 361–362
marking
270, 349, 372
modality
166, 222, 273, 285, 323
source
8, 45, 86, 102–103, 309, 408, 476
stance
188, 193, 363, 366, 368–370
status
93, 102, 103, 165, 363–364, 366
ergativity
92, 420n4
errors (in child speech)
441, 455, 459–461, 466
evidentiality
evidential authority
382
evidential macro-categories
398, 400
evidential origo
56, 310, 311, 328, 333
relationship to egophoricity
8, 48, 53–58, Chapter 5, Chapter 6, 287–289, Chapter 10, Chapter 12, 409–414
role in the development of egophoric marking
47, Chapter 8
see also
best possible grounds; direct; ego; endophoric; external; factual; firsthand; hearsay; indirect; inferential; participatory; reported; sensory; visual
existential copula or clause
17, 20n6, 32, 42–43, 58, 113, 117–118, 120, 127, 177–178, 192, 253, 291n14, 332, 430
experiencer (role)
20, 24, 30, 54, 87–88, 92–93, 101, 159, 160, 186, 272, 289–298, 310, 334, 356, 389–390, 447–449, 454, 481
experiential
17, 90, 93, 142–143, 150, 253, 298, 327, 332n17
external evidential
3, 328
external possessor
20, 28n11
external/observable behavior
67, 92–93, 100, 160–162, 291, 426
F
factivity
490
factual evidential
8, 40, 47, 54–55, 178, 180, 187–189, 192–193, 384n6, 397–400, 412
factuality
30–31, 124n11, 241, 389–390, 391, 399
finiteness/non-finiteness
18, 44, 45, 65, 80–84, 89, 93, 96, 100, 243, 251, 273, 381
first language acquisition
see
acquisition
first person
first person effects
83, 103, 277, 398, 400
first person question
see
question
first person statement
see also
person marking
see
statement
firsthand (evidential or knowledge)
150, 298, 318–319, 324, 334, 356 ;
see also
direct
flexibility/inflexibility (of egophoric marking)
5, 9, 20, 21, 27–34, 38, 50, 53, 56, 193, Chapter 7, 278, 283–389, 414, 424, 429n7, 465n15
fluid verb
83, 86 ;
see also
verb class
focus marker
319n12, 420n4
folktale
183–184, 187–188, 227, 230, 242n7
force dynamic
85
formulaic utterance
455, 461–462
frequency
23, 66–67, 99, 220, 241, 299, 363, 388, 410
future tense (or time) and egophoricity
24–25, 43, 139, 146, 156–158, 163, 167, 169, 180, 184, 200, 211, 227–228, 236, 238, 276–277, 314, 322–323, 329, 415–427, 431–433, 456–467
G
general knowledge
55, 60, 141, 288n12, 323, 477
Genghis Khan
231
grammaticalisation
42, 46, 102, 120n9, 154, 181, 359, 360, 477, 483, 491
grammaticality (judgement)
93n9, 121, 156, 164, 169, 220, 335, 380, 411, 416, 419, 422, 428, 481n2
greeting
89, 210, 219, 428
H
hearsay (evidence or evidential)
115, 145, 159, 241, 380, 381n4, 392, 394, 398, 409
Highlands Papua New Guinea evidentiality area
383
Himalayan linguistic area
154, 167, 170
hybrid (reported speech)
see
reported speech
I
illocutionary force or type
34, 80–81, 86, 103, 360, 364, 462n12 ;
see also
speech act
imperative
see
command
impersonal predicate or construction
30, 80–81, 83, 86, 175, 297, 381–382, 390, 448–449
implicature
of argument identity
46, 48–49, 53, 101, 275–279, 396, 409–410, 411–412
of certainty
323
of mirative meaning
59, 287n11
of non-volition
85, 101
of participatory meaning
47
independent pronoun
52, 313, 316
indexicality (and egophoric marking)
48–53, 64, 80, 85–86, 101, 102, 226, 230, 270, 309, 311, 315–316, 318, 405, 408–409, 431, 440
indirect (evidential, experience, or knowledge)
38, 44, 54, 154, 160, 166–168, 177, 190–192, 229, 232, 238, 239, 240–249, 253–255, 264–265, 277n6, 319, 378, 398, 411n3, 482, 486
indirect speech
see
reported speech
inference
128, 134, 192, 241, 325
pragmatic inference
362
see also
default inference
inferential (evidential)
54–55, 58, 82, 110, 128, 131, 143, 145, 159–160, 287, 287n11, 328, 380, 383, 398, 409, 412, 413, 414, 482–483 ;
see also
sensory-inferential
inflexibility
see
flexibility
informant
28n11, 49–50, 168, 295, 309, 311, 359, 367, Chapter 13, 463, 476–477
information source
see
evidentiality
information-seeking question
see
question
inner state
80, 83, 93–103, 349, 370 ;
see also
internal state
innovation (of egophoric-like marking)
27, 99, 167, 170, Chapter 8, 336
instigator
85, 178, 187, 191, 381, 387, 395, 413–44, 423, 432 ;
see also
intention; volition
insult
34, 122
intention (and non-intention)
14, 29–30, 59, 90, 116, 119, 121, 139, 145, 180, 184–185, 186, 209, 214, 236, 276–277, 283–285, 329, 354, 382, 387, 399, 415, 439, 451, 463, 465, 467, 486–489
access to intention
3, 4, 15, 457–458
intentional act or action
59, Chapter 2, 387, 413, 439, 475, 486, 399
intentional modality
6, 15
intentive marker
415–421, 424–427, 432–433, 463–464, 465
interactional principles/pressures
7, 27, 36, 53, 66–68, 80, 170, 280, 358, 366, 371, 405, 441, 466
interactional data
see
conversation
internal evidence
8
internal state
66, 88, 100–102, 185, 289–294, 320–321, 332, 490
see also
inner state
internal state verb
158–160, 161, 165–166, 169
interrogative flip
see
anticipation, rule of
intersubjectivity
68, 182–183, 364n13
intimacy
33, 35, 90, 128, 131, 133, 179, 212, 220, 424–425, 451, 461
intonation
155, 214, 361, 365, 451
intransitivity
see
transitivity
involuntary
see
volition
involvement
2, 4, 19, 19n5, 21, 22, 28, 36, 41, 44, 49, 54, 56, 102, 130, 178, 183, 187, 199, 215, 215n17, 219, 222, 226, 246n12, 270, 275, 276, 278, 280, 283, 288, 290–291, 295, 296, 298, 299, 310, 311, 326, 349, 354, 356–360, 369, 410, 415, 438
addressee involvement
33, 34, 348
assertor’s involvement
8, 378, 380, 383
peripheral involvement
31–33
speaker involvement
33, 34, 65, 176, 182, 186, 192, 199, 209, 211, 219, 222
irony
34, 100, 482–490 ;
see also
sarcasm
isolating language
175
J
judge
8, 310n3, 476
K
K+/K−
363–364
King Vikramaditya
94
knowledge source
140, 141, 151, 440
L
lama
124, 183, 184, 188
language contact
37, 116n6, 170, 174, 175, 190, 198, 199n4, 202n9, Chapter 8, 297n16
language isolate
40, 317n11
language socialisation
441, 451, 467
legend
94, 125–126, 392
liberality
28
see also
flexibility
lingua franca
174, 231, 235
locus of information/knowledge
8, 165, 450, 458–459
locutor/non-locutor
8, 50, 306, 313–314, 476
logophoricity
62–65, 81, 83, 84, 307, 381–382, 392, 394–396, 483–485 ;
see also
reported speech
M
markedness
see
pragmatic markedness
mirativity
46, 58–62, Chapter 3, 185, 191–192, 208–209, 283n8, 287n11, 329n13, 359, 477, 482–492
multiple perspective
see
perspective
N
narrative (genre or data)
35, 82n4, 91, 93, 124–128, 130–132, 141, 145–147, 162, 183, 187–188, 238, 384, 386, 393, 407, 419
narrative suffix
240, 249, 250, 253, 259–263
written text
94
narrow
semantic narrowing
100, 237, 256, 257, 264–265
see
broad/narrow
natural speech (data)
51, 111, 123, 131, 166, 260, 270, 273–276, 278, 299, 442, 449
negation
18, 114, 120, 200, 215n17, 260–262, 461
nominalisation
18, 45, 81, 112, 414
non-finite
see
finite
non-first person
non-first person and new knowledge
46
non-first person pronouns
313, 316
non-first person statement
see also
person marking
see
statement
non-firsthand
see
firsthand
non-locutor
see
locutor
non-visual
see
sensory
number
see
subject number
O
objective
see
subjective/objective
obligatoriness
of core argument reference
49, 53, 141, 182, 271, 406
of egophoric/non-egophoric markers
9–10, 13, 19, 21, 23, 90, 141, 175, 226, 283, 287–288, 299, 315, 317, 335, 476
of interrogative marking
51
oblique case
186
observable state or behaviour
15, 67, 93, 160–163, 164, 166, 169, 288, 291–293, 323, 367–370, 409, 415
oral tradition
162
origo
8, 9n3, 15, 56, 310–311, 328, 333–334, 431
ouï-dire
380
P
paradigm
2, 5, 42, 61, 80, 119, 120–123, 156–159, 166–167, 219, 274, 306, 311, 313, 321, 337, 427, 447, 465, 466
and contrastive meanings
46, 47, 54, 55, 59, 99, 142
and diachrony
42, 46, 47, 59, Chapter 8
paradigm gap
27, 99, 381
participation framework
270
particpatory evidential or knowledge
8, 15, 47, 55, 58, 288, 326–327, 337, Chapter 12, 408, 410, 412–413, 433, 447
participle
39, 44, 81, 89, 93, 96
patient
19–23, 332, 186, 332n17
Pema Lingpa
126
perception (and evidentiality)
3, 63, 141, 236–237, 310, 325, 328, 399n11
direct perception
58–59, 142, 382
perception verbs
429–430
performative
84, 183, 427, 475
performative evidential
326
person marking or person reference
2, 17, 39, 48, 153, 269–270, 300, 307–312, 455, 466, 380–382, 473
associative agreement
28
co-occurrence with egophoric marking
36, 40, 49, 98, 440
interpretation of egophoric markers as
8, 23, 25n9, 38, 48–53, 56, 62, 221, 270, 275, 306, 309, 313–315, 327–328, 428, 447–448
comparison with egophoric markers
154, 193, 270, 295–298, 311, 316–318, 359n10, 371, 448–449, 459, 465–466
first person/non-first person agreement
8, 25n9, 48, 50, 249, 313, 333, 445, 447
source for egophoric markers
47, 65, 331n15
person sensitivity
2, 4, 9, 10–11, 18–24, 25, 27, 35, 40, 48, 52–53, 55, 57, 275–278, 299–300, 349, 410, 415, 463, 465n15
personal affectedness (evidential)
327, 332–334, 397n10
personal agency (evidential)
326
personal knowledge
2, 3, 8, 9–10, 17–18, 24, 30, 33, 34, 49, 93, 116, 119, 129, 134, 151, 311, 380, 406, 440, 444, 462, 462n12
personal taste
310n3, 476
perspective
9n3, 185, 193, 199n3, 287, 466
complex epistemic perspective
177, Chapter 11
multiple (and/or complex) perspective
64, 181, 270, 281, 298n17, 365, 366, 419
perspective shift
4, 9, 10–11, 34–36, 55–56, 57, 148, 179, 278, 282, 290, 310–311, 328–329, 333–334, 414, 416, 429
speaker perspective (category or system) Chapter 7, Chapter 8
plurality and egophoricity
16–18, 90, 158, 160, 161–162, 164–165, 282–283, 292, 331, 335, 336, 429, 491
polarity
113
politeness
41, 155, 187, 462n12
possession (or possessor)
17, 20–21, 33, 178–179, 186, 201–202, 275n4, 332, 412
pragmatics
117n7, 155, 226, 229, 273n2, 275, 360, 363
pragmatic context
52, 199, 216n19, 221, 222
pragmatic effect
28, 219, 220, 289, 387, 431, 432, 465n15, 490
pragmatic force
210, 213, 214, 217, 220
pragmatic markedness
27, 31, 33, 64, 156, 169, 204, 213, 217, 219, 285, 298, 386, 387, 388, 389, 396
pragmatic neutrality
207, 211, 213, 214n16, 215–219, 220
pragmatic principle
10, 80, 87, 101, 103
predicate class
see
verb class
primary knower
2, 7–9, 17–18, 25, 27, 28–29, 49–52, 56, 63–64, 66–68, 167, 309, 438
private predicate or state
24, 289, 300, 357, 369
privileged access
see
access
promise
415, 427, 433
prompt
451–452
propositional attitude
85
psychological predicate or state
15, 354, 356, 357, 358, 360, 364
purposive
463
Q
Qinghai linguistic area/complex
see
Amdo Sprachbund
question (or interrogative)
content question
200n6, 203, 279–280, 286, 317, 335, 390, 391, 443n2, 450–451
first person question
27, 33, 38, 60, 88, 118, 122, 163, 165, 179, 190, 285–286, 290, 379, 381, 387, 390, 396, 419, 423–424, 453–454, 456, 457, 480, 485
information-seeking question
286, 353, 354, 439
inherent bias in questions
362
polar question
25, 122, 203, 210, 255–256, 257, 258, 279, 317, 335, 348, 360–362, 371, 390, 443n2, 449, 480
rhetorical question
33, 122, 350, 353, 354, 363, 364, 379, 381, 382, 386–387, 389, 396, 411, 419, 424, 426
second person question
26–27, 33, 38, 41, 68, 79, 80, 81, 86, 96, 118, 121, 124, 148, 151, 156, 179, 181, 190, 277, 287, 296, 336, 338–339, 379, 384, 389, 391, 396, 412, 416–417, 424, 440, 445, 446, 454, 455, 458, 461, 465, 466, 475, 477, 481, 483, 484, 485
tag question
27, 115, 348, 353, 354, 364
third person question
5, 10, 122, 384, 391, 392, 396, 410n2, 423, 428, 432, 438, 447, 462, 465
question-answer (pair or sequence)
187, 212–220, 222, 278, 280, 440, 449–452, 458–459 ;
see also
adjacency pair
quirky case
272, 297n16
quotative
65, 147, 159, 182, 190, 350–351, 398
see also
reported speech
quotative faithfulness
64, 205–207, 419
R
reanalysis
44, 47, Chapter 8
reported evidential
83–84, 162, 181–182, 192, 316, 322, 332n16, 386, 392–394, 398
reported speech
9, 11, 35, 36, 55–56, 62–66, 83–84, 139, 147–148, 182, 205–207, 277n5, 280, 281–282, 292, 299, 306, 309, 311, 318, 327–328, 334, 339, 395, 419, 425, 475–476, 480–481
direct
65, 182, 281–282, 315, 381, 394–395, 420, 429
hybrid/semi-direct
19n5, 35, 64, 65, 419–421, 425, 429, 447
indirect
315–316, 381, 392–394
in the development of egophoric marking
45, 65
request
219–220, 446
request for information
128, 287, 354n7, 361, 364, 423
response to request
214–215, 276, 461
responsibility
85, 179, 182, 184–186, 204, 218, 222, 279, 280, 413
for information
65, 227, 299, 309
révélatif
380
rhetorical effects
33–34, 432 ;
see also
question, rhetorical
rigidity
see
flexibility
routinised speech practice
89, 451, 453, 461
rule of anticipation
see
anticipation, rule of
S
sarcasm
122, 446 ;
see also
irony
scope
56, 166, 270, 490
broad/narrow scope
28, 129
participant/propositional scope
28, 28n11, 311, 359
second language
174
self-ascription
2, 48, 53, 82, 85–86, 101, Chapter 15
self-correction
127
self-representation
85
semantic space
128, 134, 377, 397, 399
semi-direct speech
see
reported speech
sensory (evidential)
30, 54, 57, 274, 288n12, 318–321, 324, 326, 328, 333–334, 337, 398, 400, 410, 413, 444, 486
sensory-inferential evidential
177–193 ;
see also
visual-sensory
sensory predicate
88, 321
sentence type
2, 10, 24–27, 52, 279, 296, 309, 313, Chapter 11, 382, 406, 408, 431, 441, 454, 455, 465 ;
see also
question, statement, speech act type
shared information or knowledge
17, 18, 27, 100, 132–133, 141, 188, 193, 211, 228, 283, 288–289, 355, 410n2
shiftability
9–10, 18–19, 34–36, 55, 57 ;
see also
perspective shift
social cognition
10, 439
speaker stance
see
stance
speech act
50, 52, 66, 86, 102–103, 299, 349, 351, 360, 363, 366, 371, 427, 491
speech act participant
8, 49, 51, 53, 169, 177, 184, 188, 193, 276, 298, 351, 378, 405, 490
speech act role
2, 309, 359 ;
see also
assertion; boast; command; confirmation; denial; greeting; insult; promise; prompt; question; request; sentence type; statement; tease; threat; wondering
speech report
see
reported speech
spontaneous interaction
see
conversation
stance
220, 222, 286, Chapter 11, 423
epistemic stance
188, 193
epistemological stance
379
stance triangle
364–367
statement (or declarative)
first person
2, 14, 41, 60, 66, 85, 96, 118, 151, 155, 159, 161, 165, 168, 178, 187–188, 192–193, 259, 277, 296, 316, 339, 378, 386–387, 396, 399n11, 412, 429n8, 458, 461, 477, 478, 481, 483, 484, 485, 490
non-first person
4, 5, 26, 180, 183–184, 192–193, 211, 227, 308, 381, 411, 428
second person
34, 88, 96, 131, 155–156, 159, 253, 382, 388–389, 396, 410
third person
61, 66, 118, 125, 132, 144, 153, 156, 157, 159, 161, 166, 168, 216, 378, 382, 384, 389, 390, 395, 396, 412, 438, 447, 480, 481
stative
159, 241, 247, 257, 314, 330, 430–431
story-telling
see
narrative
strong/weak ego
5, 28 ;
see also
scope
subject agreement
see
person marking
subject number
16–17, 57, 331, 396
subjective/objective marking
8, 12, 20, 25, 30–31, 44, Chapter 7, Chapter 8
subjectivity
7n2, 10, 101, 249, 310n3
subordinate clause
18, 45, 351, 353, 480
sudden realization
127, 128 ;
see also
mirative
T
tag question
see
question
tease
68, 461–462
temperature predicate
13, 87–89, 92–93, 101, 290, 297–298, 334, 481
tense (and egophoricity or evidentiality)
16, 21–22, 43–44, 61, 81, 142–143, 190, 241, 242, 260, 314, 331, 355, 396, 407, 428–431, 440, 447, 449, 465 ;
see also
future
theory of mind
86, 101, 441
threat
422–423
tone
26n10, 42, 113, 154
topic-comment structure
154, 175
transitivity
24, 38, 98–99, 271–273, 289–290, 296, 448
split intransitivity
30, 50, 272
triadic interaction
450–451
trigger (for egophoric or logophoric marking)
21, 24, 35, 63n23, 201, 202, 288, 457
tripartite system
177
truth value
177, 215
U
uncertainty
see
certainty
undergoer
14–15, 16, 18, 19, 21–24, 41, 43, 56, 271–273, 290–291, 294–295, 296, 299, 332–334, 379
unexpectedness
see
mirativity
ungrammaticality
see
grammaticality
V
validational
209
verba dicendi
204, 205n14, 207, 221
verb class
14, 29, 30, 38, 80–83, 86, 90–93, 149, 150, 155–163, 168–169, 204n12, 272–273, 289–295, 297, 359, 390, 481 ;
see also
control; emotion; fluid verb; observable state; private predicate; temperature predicate; volition
veridical status
209
viewpoint
35, 63, 86, 384, 387, 409, 414, 415, 458
visual (evidence or evidential)
14, 35, 47, 54, 55–56, 93, 100, 142, 155, 159, 161, 162, 165, 166, 168, 311, 319–320, 321–322, 324, 325, 337, Chapter 12, 409–414, 421, 462n12
visual-sensory evidential
14, 32, 47, 384–385, 384n6, 388–389, 391, 395, 400, 462n12
volition/non-volition
14–15, 20, 29–30, 38, 129, 149–151, 169–170, 177–178, 184, 186–187, 190–193, 209, 227–228, 229, 236–237, 283–285, 286, 289, 294–295, 330–331, 350, 356, 358, 380, 382, 398–399, 400, 413, 417, 422–423, 432, 487–488
stem aspiration contrast indicating volition
150
volitional/non-volitional verb or predicate
38, 155–158, 149, 164, 294, 330, 356, 447–448
vowel harmony
243, 258, 446
W
witness
128, 133, 145, 162–163, 242, 319, 321–325, 384, 389, 392, 394–395, 421, 423
direct witness
102, 141, 144
visual or eye-witness
55n20, 142, 254 ;
see also
visual evidentiality, sensory evidentiality
wondering (speech act)
212, 423–424, 426, 443n2
Z
zombie
183, 184, 188