Chapter 2
The essive in Finnish
This chapter presents an empirical study of the distribution of a marker referred to as the ‘essive’ in Finnish. The description of the properties of this marker follows the linguistic questionnaire that captures the contexts in which essive and/or translative markers may occur in the Uralic languages. The study specifically investigates the opposition between permanent and impermanent state in non-verbal predications. The linguistic domains involved are non-verbal main predication, secondary predication, complementation, and manner, temporal, and circumstantial adverbial phrases. The use of the marker in the essive sense (associated with state) is contrasted with its use in expressing the translative sense (associated with change). Finally, the syntactic position of elements marked by this form is discussed in relation to the position of focus constituents.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
-
1.1Standard case inflection for nouns
-
1.2The semantic border zones of the essive and other cases
-
2.Non-verbal predicates and copula constructions
- 2.1Predicate types in Finnish
- 2.2Basic copula constructions
-
2.3Semi-copular constructions
- 2.4The quasi-construction
- 3.Secondary predicates – secondary predications
- 3.1Depictives
- 3.2Circumstantial secondary predicates
- 3.3Temporal secondary predicates
-
4.Predicative complements
- 5.Adverbials
- 5.1Manner adverbials
- 5.2Clausal adverbials
- 6.Temporality and location
- 6.1Temporality
- 6.2Location
- 7.Comparative and simile
- 8.Essive versus translative
-
9.Word order and focus
- 10.Other uses
- 10.1Verbal participles
- 10.2Augmentative
-
11.Summary
-
Notes
-
References
References
Creissels, Denis
2008 Spatial cases. In
The Oxford Handbook of Case,
Andrej Malchukov &
Andrew Spencer (eds), 609–625. Oxford: OUP.
Hakulinen, Auli & Karlsson, Fred
1979 Nykysuomen lauseoppia (
Modern Finnish syntax). Helsinki: Finnish Literature Society.
Hakulinen, Auli, Vilkuna, Maria, Korhonen, Riitta, Koivisto, Vesa, Heinonen, Tarja Riitta & Alho, Irja
2004 Iso suomen kielioppi (
A descriptive grammar of Finnish). Helsinki: Finnish Literature Society.
Haspelmath, Martin
1997 From Space to Time. Temporal Adverbials in World’s Languages [
Lincom Studies in Theoretical Linguistics 3]. Munich: Lincom.
Haspelmath, Martin
2009 Terminology of case. In
The Oxford Handbook of Case,
Andrej Malchukov &
Andrew Spencer (eds), 505–517. Oxford: OUP.
Hengeveld, Kees
1992 Non-verbal Predication. Theory, Typology, Diachrony. Berlin: Mouton.
Himmelmann, Nikolaus P. & Schultze-Berndt, Eva F.
2005 Issues in the syntax and semantics of participant-oriented adjuncts. An introduction. In
Secondary Predication and Adverbial Modification. The Typology of Depictives,
Nikolaus P. Himmelmann &
Eva F. Schultze-Berndt (eds),1–67. Oxford: OUP.
Huumo, Tuomas & Ojutkangas, Krista
Hynönen, Emmi
2013 Essiivisijaisten lekseemien leksikaalistumisjatkumo (Lexicalization continuum of essive-case state-denoting lexemes).
Virittäjä 117: 551–579.
Hynönen, Emmi
2016 Suomen essiivi (Finnish essive).
Annales Universitatis Turkuensis C 425. Turku: University of Turku.
[URL]
Itkonen, Erkki
1966:
Kieli ja sen tutkimus (Language and its research). Porvoo: WSOY.
Karlsson, Fred
1999 Finnish. An Essential Grammar. London: Routledge.
Lakoff, George & Johnson, Mark
1980:
Metaphors We Live By. Chicago IL: Chicago University Press.
Larjavaara, Matti
1995 Savon (n)nA-supiini ((n)nA-supine in Savonian dialects of Finnish). In
Murteiden matkassa. Juhlakirja Alpo Räisäsen 60-vuotispäiväksi,
Marjatta Palander (ed.), 132–141. Joensuu: Faculty of Humanities of the University of Joensuu.
Leinonen, Marja
2008:
Depictive secondary predicates in Finnish. In
Secondary Predicates in Eastern European Languages and Beyond,
Christoph Schroeder,
Gerd Hentschel &
Winfried Boeder (eds), 167–188. Oldenburg: BIS-Verlag.
[URL]
Mielikäinen, Aila
1978:
Aktiivin II partisiippi Etelä-Savon murteissa (The past active participle in South Savo dialects).
Virittäjä 82: 101–121.
Nichols, Johanna
1978 Secondary predicates.
Proceedings of the 4th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society,
February 18–20, 114–127. Berkeley CA: BLS.
Nichols, Johanna
1981 Predicate Nominals. A Partial Surface Syntax of Russian. Berkeley CA: University of California Press.
Nose, Masahiko
2007 Word order positions of the Finno-Ugric essive case forms.
Asian and African Languages and Linguistics 2007(2): 103–114.
Nykysuomen sanakirja
(
Dictionary of Modern Finnish)
1951–1996 13th edn. Porvoo: WSOY.
Onikki-Rantajääskö, Tiina
2001 Sarjoja. Nykysuomen paikallissijaiset olotilanilmaukset kielen analogisuuden ilmentäjinä (
Patterns and analogy. A case study of state-denoting local case constructions in modern Finnish). Helsinki: Finnish Literature Society.
Onikki-Rantajääskö, Tiina
2006 Metonymy in locatives of state. In
Grammar from the Human Perspective. Case, Space and Person in Finnish [
Current Issues in Linguistic Theory 277],
Marja-Liisa Helasvuo &
Lyle Campbell (eds), 67–100. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Pajunen, Anneli
2000 Suomen ominaisuuspredikaatio ja tyyppi olla sairaana
.
Näkökulmia kielitypologiaan,
Anneli Pajunen (ed.), 36–87. Helsinki: Finnish Literature Society.
Pajunen, Anneli
2001 Argumenttirakenne. Asiaintilojen luokitus ja verbien käyttäytyminen suomen kielessä (
Argument structure. A taxonomy of states of affairs and the syntactic behaviour of verbs in Finnish). Helsinki: Finnish Literature Society.
Pustet, Regina
2003 Copulas. Universals in the Categorization of the Lexicon. Oxford: OUP.
Salminen, Taru
2000 Morfologiasta moniäänisyyteen: Suomen kielen kvasirakenteen merkitys, käyttö ja kehitys (
From morphology to polyphony. Meaning, function and evolution of the quasi-construction in Finnish). Helsinki: Finnish Literature Society.
Särkkä, Tauno
1969 Itämerensuomalaisten kielten eksessiivi (
The exessive case of the Baltic-Finnic languages). Helsinki: Finnish Literature Society.
Schultze-Berndt, Eva F. & Himmelmann, Nikolaus P.
2004:
Depictive secondary predicates in crosslinguistic perspective.
Linguistic Typology 8: 59–131.
Setälä, Eemil Nestor
1891 Suomen kielen lauseoppi (Finnish syntax), 3rd rev. edn. Helsinki.
Stassen, Leon
1997 Intransitive Predication. Oxford – New York: Oxford University Press.
Sulkala, Helena & Karjalainen, Merja
1992:
Finnish. London: Routledge.
Ylikoski, Jussi
2003 Havaintoja suomen ns. viidennen infinitiivin käytöstä (English summary: Remarks on the use of the proximative verb form (the so-called 5th infinitive) in Finnish.
Sananjalka 45: 7–44.
Cited by
Cited by 3 other publications
den Dikken, Marcel & Éva Dékány
Huumo, Tuomas & Krista Teeri-Niknammoghadam
Kagan, Olga
2020.
The Semantics of Case,
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 21 march 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.