Chapter published in:
Uralic Essive and the Expression of Impermanent State
Edited by Casper de Groot
[Typological Studies in Language 119] 2017
► pp. 309–323

Chapter 13
The Udmurt essive and its functional counterparts

This chapter describes forms and constructions in Udmurt, a language without an essive or translative case marker, where other Uralic languages may use the essive or translative. The description of the properties of these forms and constructions follows the linguistic questionnaire that captures the contexts in which essive and/or translative markers in the Uralic languages may occur. The study specifically investigates the opposition between permanent and impermanent state in non-verbal predications. The linguistic domains involved are non-verbal main predication, secondary predication, complementation, manner, temporal, and circumstantial adverbial phrases. The use of the marker in the essive sense (associated with state) is contrasted to that of the translative (associated with change). Finally, the syntactic position of elements marked by this form is discussed in relation to the position of focus constituents.
Keywords: Udmurt, depictive, inessive case, instrumental case, impermanent state, non-verbal predication, individual-level predicate, focus
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
    • 1.1Background
    • 1.2The case system in Udmurt
  • 2.Non-verbal predicates
  • 3.Secondary predication
  • 4.Predicative complements
  • 5.Adverbials
  • 6.Comparative and simile expressions
  • 7.Essive versus translative
  • 8.Word order
  • 9.Conclusions
  • Note
  • References
Published online: 30 November 2017
https://doi.org/10.1075/tsl.119.13edy
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