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Nominalization in Languages of the Americas
Edited by Roberto Zariquiey, Masayoshi Shibatani and David W. Fleck
[Typological Studies in Language 124] 2019
► pp. 15–167

Chapter 2
What is nominalization? Towards the theoretical foundations of nominalization

| Rice University

過而不改、是謂過矣

(孔子)

This paper discusses foundational issues in nominalization, focusing on empirical, conceptual, and theoretical problems that have plagued the field for years. Current definitions of nominalization are based on narrow observations on verbal-based nominalizations, while languages across the globe display nominal-based ones, many of which share morphology with the former. Nominalization morphology in many languages also applies to units larger than words, yielding grammatical nominalizations besides lexical nominalizations. The imbalance in the past studies, which have focused on so-called relative clauses at the expense of grammatical nominalizations, has resulted in a lopsided view on the relationship between the two. This, in turn, has led to the mishandling of different manifestations of nominalizations as if they are derivatives of relative clauses, as suggested by the widely used terms such as “headless relative clause” and “internally-headed relative clause”. We demonstrate that these, including the ordinary restrictive relative clause, are not independent grammatical structures but are epiphenomena arising from the uses of grammatical nominalizations. A clear distinction between structures and their use is a theoretical prerequisite in arriving at a satisfactory understanding of the nature of grammatical nominalizations and their role in grammar.

Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Defining nominalization
    • 2.1Nominalization as a metonymic process
    • 2.2Meaning range and the nature of lexical nominalizations
    • 2.3Inputs to nominalization processes
    • 2.4Outputs of nominalization processes
  • 3.Verbal-based grammatical nominalization
    • 3.1Event nominalizations
    • 3.2Argument nominalizations
      • 3.2.1Role markers
  • 4.Formal representations of verbal-based nominalizations
  • 5.Structures and their use
    • 5.1NP-use and modification-use of grammatical nominalizations
    • 5.2NP-use of event nominalizations: So-called “internally-headed RCs”
    • 5.3NP-use of event nominalizations: So-called “complement clauses”
    • 5.4NP-use of argument nominalizations: So-called “headless/free relative clauses”
    • 5.5Modification-use of argument nominalizations: So-called “relative clauses”
  • 6.Sentences, clauses, and nominalizations
    • 6.1Tense and nominalization
    • 6.2Functional definitions of clauses, sentences, and nominalizations
    • 6.3Insubordination
    • 6.4Evidence that nominalizations are not clauses or sentences
      • 6.4.1Plural marking
      • 6.4.2Classifier marking
  • 7.Nominal-based nominalizations
  • 8.Structure, use, and form
    • 8.1From NP-use markers to nominalizers
  • 9.Summary and implications
    • 9.1Implications
  • Acknowledgements
  • List of less commonly used abbreviations
  • Notes
  • References
Published online: 8 August 2019
DOI logo
https://doi.org/10.1075/tsl.124.02shi
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2019. Chapter 14. Clausal nominalization in Kakataibo (Panoan). In Nominalization in Languages of the Americas [Typological Studies in Language, 124], ► pp. 515 ff. DOI logo
Zariquiey, Roberto
2019. Chapter 15. Nominalization and switch-reference in Iskonawa (Panoan, Peru). In Nominalization in Languages of the Americas [Typological Studies in Language, 124], ► pp. 537 ff. DOI logo
Álvarez González, Albert
2019. Chapter 7. The ‘relative’ illusion and the origin of non-subject nominalizers in Cahita (Uto-Aztecan). In Nominalization in Languages of the Americas [Typological Studies in Language, 124], ► pp. 301 ff. DOI logo

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