Chapter published in:
Diverse Scenarios of Syntactic Complexity
Edited by Albert Álvarez González, Zarina Estrada-Fernández and Claudine Chamoreau
[Typological Studies in Language 126] 2019
► pp. 27–49

Models of grammar and the outcomes of long-term language contact

Language mixing in Dakkhini

| Norwegian University of Science and Technology NTNU
| University of Delhi & University of Hyderabad (formerly)

In this paper, we lay the groundwork for an explanation of the language mixing outcomes witnessed in the grammar of contemporary Dakkhini, which is the result of long-term diachronic contact between Hindi/Urdu and Telugu. We argue that an Exoskeletal Frame Model is well suited to account both for Dakkhini-type contact outcomes, and for “online” code-switching outcomes. The key element of our model is the assumption of a distinction between an underlying abstract syntactic skeleton and the instantiation of that skeleton by functional and lexical exponents. In the case of Dakkhini, we argue that the syntactic skeleton is mainly provided by Telugu, whereas both the functional and lexical exponents by and large are provided by Hindi/Urdu.

Keywords: code-switching, Dakkhini, exoskeletal frame, language contact, language mixing
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Theories of language mixing outcomes: The MLFM
  • 3.Dakkhini
    • 3.1Dakkhini: Basic facts
    • 3.2Dakkhini: Some examples
    • 3.3Dakkhini and the MLFM
  • 4.An exoskeletal frame model: EFM
    • 4.1The EFM is a generative competence model
    • 4.2The structure and properties of the EFM
    • 4.3How the EFM deals with CS type mixing data
  • 5.An exoskeletal EFM analysis of Dakkhini
    • 5.1Dakkhini and the EFM
    • 5.2Dakkhini and the complementizer ki
    • 5.3Dakkhini and Bol ke
    • 5.4Wider implications of our analysis
  • 6.Conclusion
  • Acknowledgements
  • Abbreviations
  • Notes
  • References
Published online: 04 July 2019
https://doi.org/10.1075/tsl.126.02afa
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Cited by 2 other publications

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2018. . In Norwegian Discourse Ellipsis [Studies in Germanic Linguistics, 2], DOI logo
Riksem, Brita Ramsevik, Maren Berg Grimstad, Terje Lohndal & Tor A. Åfarli
2019. Language mixing within verbs and nouns in American Norwegian. The Journal of Comparative Germanic Linguistics 22:2 ► pp. 189 ff. DOI logo

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