Subject Index

• absolutive 101–106

• absorption process77

• accusative8, 40, 110–112 , 114–115 , 123–124 , 128, 130–134 , 143, 171, 178, 180, 183–184 , 186, 219–221 , 225, 228, 243

• acquisition 3–5 , 38, 45, 53–54 , 56–57 , 67, 238, 243

• adposition109, 116, 191, 194, 213see also postposition

• adverbial clause2, 4, 6, 8, 87, 109, 116–117 ; , 122, 127–128 ; , 130, 140, 152–153 ; , 155–156 ; , 217, 220–221 ; , 224–228 ; , 233, 235–236 ; , 238, 243see also clausal adjunct

• adversative8, 140, 147, 161, 178, 217–218 , 220–223 , 227–229 , 234–235 , 239–241 , 243

• agentivity17, 194

• areal influence4, 13

• balanced 221–222 ; , 225, 228, 243see also deranked

• bridging context74

• cataphoric 234–235

• cause/reason3, 8, 118, 217–218 , 220, 222–228 , 234–237 , 242–243
  • cause/reason clause 217-218 , 222, 224, 225, 228, 236

• clausal adjunct6, 87–95 ; , 97–102 ; , 105–106 ; see also adverbial clause

• clausal nominalization 172–173 ; see also syntactic nominalization

• clause combination2see also multi-clause construction

• clause dependency2see also dependent clause

• clause embedding54, 57see also embedded clause

• clause linkage marker 109-110 , 131

• clause quotation66

• clause-final position225, 243
  • clause final position33, 44, 228

• clause-initial position42, 221–222 , 225, 228, 243

• comp-que clause 55–56 ; , 60, 62, 66, 75–76 ; see also complement clausecompletive clauseembedded comp-quefree comp-que construction

• complement clause 2-3 ; , 5, 7, 64, 88, 104–105 ; , 140–141 ; , 152–153 ; , 177, 196, 199see also completive clause

• complement-taking verb53, 55, 63

• complementizer5, 32–33 , 42–44 , 55, 139–141 , 154–155 , 185, 195–198 , 202

• completive clause191, 193–196 ; , 199, 202, 212see also complement clause

• complex clause 2–4 , 54, 56, 60, 72, 76, 167, 192, 195, 213, 243

• complex constructions5, 53–55 , 76, 78, 109, 139, 203, 238, 242

• complexity 1–9 , 53–56 , 58, 73, 77, 134, 191–192 , 194–195 , 208, 213–214 , 227, 238, 242–243
  • overt complexity8, 242
  • hidden complexity227, 242
  • spreading of complexity55, 58, 73, 238
  • syntactic complexity 1–4 , 7–9 , 54, 80, 82, 188, 191–192 , 195, 213–216 , 238, 243

• concessive6, 109–110 , 117, 119–120 , 128–129 , 134, 153, 155, 178, 227

• conditional6, 33, 109–110 , 117–120 , 124–126 , 128, 145, 158–159 , 225–227 , 236, 242
  • conditional clause117, 125, 225, 236

• Construction Grammar4, 55, 77

• constructional grounding5, 53–58 , 60, 65, 67, 72, 76–77 , 81, 247

• context-driven interpretation227

• contrastive focus233, 238

• controller 13–14 , 18–22 , 24, 57, 194

• conversational marker 230–231 , 242

• coordination 2–3 , 6, 109, 111, 139–141 , 146, 148, 150–152 , 160, 163, 192, 203, 205, 207, 213

• coordinator7, 139–140 , 142, 146–151 , 153, 160–161 , 163

• dependent clause2, 7, 54-58 , 60, 77, 117, 145, 151, 159, 160, 163, 170, 186, 195, 225-226 , 228, 238, 240see also clause dependency
  • dependent clause subject225

• deranked225, 243see also balanced

• desiderative68, 70–71 , 76–77

• diachrony3, 7, 238, 243

• diachronic4, 7, 27, 53, 139, 142, 144, 153, 156, 160, 167–168 , 178, 184, 191–192 , 197, 213, 231
  • diachronic origin7, 179, 181, 183
  • diachronic shift178, 184

• dialogical scaffolding55, 58

• different-subject (ds) 13–25 ; , 129, 131–133 ; , 182, 187, 198, 224–225 ; , 228, 243–244 ; see also switch-reference

• discontinuity8, 217–218 , 234–235 , 241

• discourse marker8, 217–218 , 222, 229–230 , 233–236 , 239–244

• discourse sequence64, 66, 72

• embedded clause1, 55–56 ; 60, 75see also clause embedding

• embedded comp-que55, 59, 62, 64, 75see also comp-que clausefree comp-que construction

• embedded language5, 29

• embedded question5, 32, 42–43

• embedding predicate 96–97 , 105

• enchronic73

• enclitic144, 147, 149–151 , 155–156 , 170

• Exoskeletal Frame Model (EFM)5, 27–28 , 34–37 , 39, 41–42 , 45–46

• experiencer4, 17, 24

• explicitness-driven maturation8, 217, 242

• exponent38, 40–42 , 44–46

• feature matrix 37–38 , 40–46

• final clause14, 18, 149see also initial clause

• final particle225, 228, 238, 242see also initial particle

• final position33, 44, 102, 118, 157, 178, 224–225 , 227–228 , 238, 243see also initial position
  • clause-final position
  • clause final position

• final segment 102–104

• final verb7, 14–17 , 20, 23–24

• finite 15–16 , 18, 65, 79, 141, 144–145 , 148–153 , 156–158 , 161, 163, 171–178 , 182, 184–186 , 195–197 , 200, 203, 206, 221see also nonfinite, non-finite, non-finite chain-medial clause
  • finite clause153, 156–158 , 163, 171–172

• finiteness2, 15, 149–150 , 159, 174

• frame5, 27–30 ; , 33–35 ; , 37–42 ; , 44–46 ; , 48, 53, 58, 62, 68, 70–72 ; , 74, 77, 122, 238see also Exoskeletal Frame Model (EFM)Matrix Language Frame Model (MLFM)

• free comp-que construction53, 56, 59, 67–68 ; , 70, 72, 74, 76–78 ; see also comp-que clauseembedded comp-que

• functional morphology31, 38, 41, 45

• genitive110, 112, 114–115 , 123–124 , 134, 144, 172, 174, 178, 180, 185–186

• grammaticalization3, 6–8 , 139, 142, 154–155 , 160–163 , 191–193 , 195, 197–198 , 200, 202, 209, 211–214 , 217, 226, 230–231 , 236, 238, 241, 243–244

• hierarchical1, 7, 80, 167, 184–185

• incoordination240

• individual difference 59–60 , 72

• informational structure6, 87, 89–95 , 97–106

• initial clause 150–151 ; , 161, 235 97–106 ; see also final clause

• initial marker6, 111

• initial particle117, 121, 133see also final particle

• initial position 7–8 ; , 42–43 ; , 109, 211, 221–222 ; , 225–226 ; , 228, 230–232 ; , 234, 236–237 ; , 239–240 ; , 243see also final position

• insubordination3, 8, 53, 57, 237–238 , 240, 243

• interclausal116, 146, 148, 218, 226, 236, 242–243
  • interclausal connective8, 217–218 222, 229–231 , 233, 236, 241–244
  • interclausal connectivity 2–3 , 217, 222, 231
  • interclausal integration2see also clause embedding

• interjection232

• language contact 3–5 , 13, 24–25 , 27–28 , 45, 48, 179, 230

• language mixing5, 27–28 , 30–31 , 34–36 , 38, 42, 45, 47–49 , 247

• linker133, 195

• logophoric68, 70–71 , 76–77

• manner6, 109–110 , 118, 127–128 , 141, 153, 204
  • manner clause116, 120, 124–125 , 127, 155

• Matrix Language Frame Model (MLFM)5, 28–31 ; , 33–35 ; , 37–39 ; , 41, 46see also Exoskeletal Frame Model (EFM)

• medial 14–15 ; , 18, 148–151 ; , 160–161 ; , 163, 233, 243see also non-finite chain-medial clauses

• mixed category181

• mixed status7, 167, 179

• modal verb7, 191–193 , 195–198 , 200, 202, 213

• morpheme16, 30, 33, 39, 41, 89, 109, 114–115 , 120, 140, 143, 150, 153, 155–160 , 162, 179

• motion verb 7–8 , 191, 193, 203, 209, 212–213

• multi-clause construction1see also clause combination

• node1

• nominalizing suffix 175–176 , 178–181 , 184–186

• nominative8, 29, 110–112 , 115, 122–124 , 128, 130–131 , 134, 143, 171, 219–221 , 225, 228, 243

• nonfinite, non-finite57, 148, 150–151 , 158, 173, 175–176 178, 195–196
  • non-finite chain-medial clause 149–150

• non-morphemic approach6, 90

• null theory 35–36 , 41

• oblique 111–112 , 114, 170, 172, 182, 186, 244

• ontogeny3, 8, 54, 238, 243

• overlapping reference4, 13, 18–20 , 24

• person (grammatical)13, 19–20 , 22, 24

• phasal verbs7, 191, 197, 200, 212

• phatic operator232

• postposition29, 90–93 ; , 98–101 ; , 104, 110, 114–115 ; , 123, 141, 155see also adposition

• pragmatic8, 68, 77, 111, 130, 143, 174, 227, 234–235 , 238–240 , 242, 244
  • pragmatic bootstrapping77

• pragmaticalization230

• purpose6, 109–110 , 112, 116–120 , 122–124 , 130, 151, 153, 156, 225–227 , 242
  • purpose clause117, 124, 226

• reason3, 8, 33, 117–119 , 123, 127, 131–132 , 134, 141, 153, 155, 217–218 , 220, 222–228 , 234–237 , 242–243 see also cause/reason
  • reason clause117, 127, 131, 141, 155see also cause/reason clause

• recursivity54

• relative clause 2-3 , 31, 58, 87–88 , 91–102 , 105, 114, 140–141 , 152–153 , 155, 188, 205

• rule1

• same-subject (ss) 13–14 ; , 16, 65, 129, 131–132 ; , 151, 177, 182, 186, 196, 198, 224, 227-228 ; see also different-subject (ds)switch-reference

• semantic absorption77

• serial verb construction7, 191–193 , 203, 212–213 , 215–216

• serialization 3–4 , 209, 212–213

• source construction71, 76

• speech act verb65

• “starting small” effects55

• stative7, 126, 167–168 , 175, 179, 181–182 , 184

• stimulus17

• subject value87

• subordinate clause6, 87–90 , 95, 97–99 , 101–102 , 105, 113, 139–142 , 152–153 , 156–162 , 238, 240

• subordination3, 6, 28, 109, 111, 113, 121, 124, 129, 139–141 , 150–152 , 157, 160, 163, 167, 176, 178, 192, 203, 213

• subordinator110, 113–114 , 116–119 , 123–124 , 126–127 , 131, 139–141 , 151–156 , 160, 162–163 , 176–177 , 182, 185–186 , 195, 240
  • final subordinator6, 109–111 , 118–119 , 126, 128, 131–132 , 134
  • general subordinator110, 117, 124
  • initial subordinator7, 109–110 , 116, 118–119 , 121–122 , 128
  • specific subordinator110, 124
  • temporal subordinator154

• switch-reference4, 6, 8, 13–15 ; , 17–18 ; , 20, 23–25 ; , 109–110 ; , 129–130 ; , 134, 221–222 ; , 224–225 ; , 228, 243see also different-subject (ds)same-subject (ss)

• syntactic integration2, 196, 200, 225, 243see also interclausal integration

• syntactic nominalization7, 167–168 ; , 175, 181, 184see also clausal nominalization

• taboo14, 21

• target 13–14 , 18–22 , 24, 55–56 , 59, 72–73 , 76–77

• temporal6, 87, 89–97 , 99–102 , 104–105 , 109–110 , 112, 118–120 , 122, 125–128 , 132, 153–154 , 178, 181–182 , 184–185 , 203, 207–208 , 211, 213, 225–227 , 233, 239–240 , 242, 244
  • temporal clause120, 122, 125–128 , 132, 153, 178, 181–182 , 225, 233
  • temporal properties6, 87, 89, 90–91 , 96–97
  • temporal morphology 99–102 , 104–106
  • temporal conjunction178, 185
  • temporal posteriority clause225
  • temporal value 91–96 , 101, 104–106

• thematic reorientation8, 217–218 , 234, 241

• topic-shift8, 217–218 , 234–236

• topicality17, 26

• typology 13–14 , 28, 30, 45, 80–81 , 192, 201, 210