Peter Arkadiev | Institute of Slavic Studies of the Russian Academy of
Sciences | Russian State University for the
Humanities
Alexander Letuchiy | Higher School of Economics | Russian Language Institute of the Russian Academy of
Sciences
The article focuses on antipassive formation in
Adyghe and Kabardian (Circassian < West Caucasian), polysynthetic
languages with ergative alignment of basic morphosyntax. The
Circassian antipassive is typologically unusual in several respects. First, it is
derived not only from transitive, but also from intransitive verbs:
in these cases, it eliminates the indirect object. Thus, antipassive
in Circassian targets an object argument, but not necessarily the
direct object, contradicting the general ergative patterning.
Second, the Circassian antipassive is expressed by the change of the
root-final vowel, which complicates the determination of the
direction of the valency change. Third, although the Circassian
antipassive mainly fulfils the semantic functions typologically
associated with antipassives, sometimes the syntactic type of the
argument (i.e. nominal vs. clause) is relevant for the choice of the
valency frame as well.
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