The Middle Voice
This book approaches the middle voice from the perspective of typology and language universals research. The principal aim is to provide a typologically valid characterization of the category of middle voice in terms of which it can be incorporated in a cognitively-based theory of human language. The term “middle voice” has had a wide range of applications in the linguistic literature of this century.
The main thesis in this volume is that there is a coherent, though complex, semantic category of middle voice in human language, which receives grammatical instantiation in many languages. The author claims there is a semantic property crucial to the nature of the middle, which she terms “relative elaboration of events”, that serves as a parameter along which the reflexive and the middle can be situated as semantic categories intermediate in transitivity between one-participant and two-participant events, and which differentiates reflexive and middle from one another.
In this area, most analyses deal with one language and/or are limited to Indo-European languages. This work deals with a subset of middle-marking languages that was chosen so as to observe the highest possible number of different middle systems showing significant independent diachronic development.
[Typological Studies in Language, 23] 1993. xii, 300 pp.
Publishing status: Available
Published online on 3 October 2011
Published online on 3 October 2011
© John Benjamins Publishing Company
Table of Contents
-
Preface | p. ix
-
Introduction | p. 1
-
Middle Voice Systems | p. 15
-
Reflexive and Associated Middle Situation Types | p. 41
-
Related Semantic Domains | p. 95
-
Diachronic Developments | p. 151
-
Hypotheses and Predictions | p. 201
-
Notes | p. 249
-
Appendix A: A checklist for Middle Semantics | p. 267
-
Data Sources | p. 271
-
-
Index of Subjects | p. 287
-
Index of Names | p. 293
-
Index of Languages | p. 297
Cited by (357)
Cited by 357 other publications
Afonso, Susana & Augusto Soares da Silva
Bar-Asher Siegal, Elitzur
Basile, Rodolfo
Compes, Isabel
Conti Jiménez, Carmen
Dadan, Marcin R.
Franceschi, Daniele
Giomi, Riccardo & Guglielmo Inglese
2024. Chapter 6. Underspecification and ambiguity of voice markers. In Vagueness, Ambiguity, and All the Rest [Pragmatics & Beyond New Series, 347], ► pp. 110 ff.
Ongenae, Tim A.F.
Palancar, Enrique L. & Leonardo Carranza Martínez
Rasekh-Mahand, Mohammad & Mehdi Parizadeh
2024. Different functions of ‘rā’ in New Persian. Journal of Historical Linguistics 14:1 ► pp. 31 ff.
Skrzypek, Dominika
Soares da Silva, Augusto
2024. Chapter 9. Constructional changes in Brazilian Portuguese in the 20th century. In Language Change in the 20th Century [Pragmatics & Beyond New Series, 340], ► pp. 261 ff.
Stephenson, Alex, Maïa Ponsonnet & Marc Allassonnière-Tang
Walker, Katherine
Aijón Oliva, Miguel Ángel
Amaral, Luana, Fernando Oliveira & Cândido Oliveira
Beavers, John & I Nyoman Udayana
Chatar-Moumni, Nizha, Caroline Lachet & Audrey Roig
Cigana, Lorenzo & Stéphane Polis
Dahl, Eystein & Liana Tronci
Dom, Sebastian, Leora Bar-el, Ponsiano Sawaka Kanijo & Malin Petzell
DOĞAN, Nuh
Felíu Arquiola, Elena
Gonzalez, Becky
Hofherr, Patricia Cabredo
Inglese, Guglielmo & Andrea Sansò
Inglese, Guglielmo & Jean-Christophe Verstraete
Juul Nielsen, Peter & Lars Heltoft
2023. Indexicality across the boundaries of syntax, semantics and pragmatics. In Ditransitives in Germanic Languages [Studies in Germanic Linguistics, 7], ► pp. 150 ff.
Karaj, David M. & Andrea Sansò
Kocharov, Petr
Luraghi, Silvia
2023. Beyond affectedness – partitive objects and degrees of agenthood in Ancient Greek. Linguistic Variation 23:1 ► pp. 95 ff.
Madrid, Rodrigo Lazaresko
Nordlinger, Rachel
Oltra‐Massuet, Isabel & Elena Castroviejo
Panther, Klaus-Uwe & Linda L. Thornburg
RICHES, Nick
Rodrigues, Cilene & Cilene Rodrigues
SCHNEIDER, ULRIKE
van Gijn, Rik, Justin Case, Martine Bruil, Simon A. Claassen, Karolina Grzech & Nora Julmi
Zaslansky, Matthew
Филимонова, Елизавета Владимировна
Aijón Oliva, Miguel A.
Allassonnière-Tang, Marc, Stéphane Robert & Sylvie Voisin
Allassonnière-Tang, Marc, Stéphane Robert & Sylvie Voisin
Bondarenko, Alice
Chung, Siaw-Fong
Döhler, Christian
2022. Expressions of directed caused accompanied motion in Komnzo. In Caused Accompanied Motion [Typological Studies in Language, 134], ► pp. 273 ff.
Fernández, Beatriz & Ane Berro
Hornkohl, Aaron
Luchina, Elena
Mayr, Paul
Miura, Ayumi
2022. Review of Castro-Chao, Noelia. 2021. Argument Structure in Flux: The Development of Impersonal Constructions in Middle and Early Modern English, with Special Reference to Verbs of Desire. ISBN: 978-3-034-34189-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3726/b17694. Research in Corpus Linguistics 10:1 ► pp. 213 ff.
Modicom, Pierre-Yves, F. Neveu, S. Prévost, A. Steuckardt, G. Bergounioux & B. Hamma
Oikonomou, Despina & Artemis Alexiadou
Pacchiarotti, Sara & Leonid Kulikov
Post, Mark W. & Yankee Modi
Schäfer, Lea
Toro, Francisca, Verónica Orqueda & Demian Inostroza
Auderset, Sandra
2021. Chapter 12. The antipassive and its relationship to person markers. In Antipassive [Typological Studies in Language, 130], ► pp. 385 ff.
de Benito Moreno, Carlota
de Benito Moreno, Carlota
de Benito Moreno, Carlota
Fried, Mirjam
2021. Discourse-referential patterns as a network of grammatical constructions. Constructions and Frames 13:1 ► pp. 21 ff.
Garr, W. Randall
Kettnerová, Václava, Markéta Lopatková & Anna Vernerová
Kettnerová, Václava, Markéta Lopatková & Anna Vernerová
Kokorniak, Iwona
Kokorniak, Iwona
2022. Chapter 5. Contrast and analogy in aspectual distinctions of English and Polish. In Analogy and Contrast in Language [Human Cognitive Processing, 73], ► pp. 115 ff.
Lewandowski, Wojciech
Luraghi, Silvia, Guglielmo Inglese & Daniel Kölligan
Mithun, Marianne
2021. Chapter 2. Antipassive propensities and alignment. In Antipassive [Typological Studies in Language, 130], ► pp. 43 ff.
Mitkovska, Liljana
Moyse-Faurie, Claire
2021. Chapter 5. Antipassive constructions in Oceanic languages. In Antipassive [Typological Studies in Language, 130], ► pp. 149 ff.
Moyse‐Faurie, Claire
Olthof, Marieke, Eva van Lier, Tjeu Claessen, Swintha Danielsen, Katharina Haude, Nico Lehmann, Maarten Mous, Elisabeth Verhoeven, Eline Visser, Marine Vuillermet & Arok Wolvengrey
Payne, Doris L.
2021. Chapter 14. The profile and development of the Maa (Eastern Nilotic) antipassive. In Antipassive [Typological Studies in Language, 130], ► pp. 447 ff.
Puddu, Nicoletta
2021. Verbal vs. nominal reflexive constructions. In Linguistic Categories, Language Description and Linguistic Typology [Typological Studies in Language, 132], ► pp. 367 ff.
Rodríguez-Piedrabuena, Sandra & José M. Jiménez Delgado
Sapién, Racquel-María, Natalia Cáceres Arandia, Spike Gildea & Sérgio Meira
2021. Chapter 3. Antipassive in the Cariban family. In Antipassive [Typological Studies in Language, 130], ► pp. 65 ff.
Say, Sergey
2021. Chapter 6. Antipassive and the lexical meaning of verbs. In Antipassive [Typological Studies in Language, 130], ► pp. 177 ff.
Soares da Silva, Augusto, Susana Afonso, Dafne Palú & Karlien Franco
Sőrés, Anna
Uchihara, Hiroto & Ambrocio Gutiérrez
Wegner, Dennis
Zakaria, Muhammad
Zhang, Ding
Zhang, Ding
Halm, Tamás
Han-Pile, Béatrice
Inglese, Guglielmo & Chiara Zanchi
Laughren, Mary & Maïa Ponsonnet
2020. Ear and belly in Warlpiri descriptions of cognitive and emotional experience. Pragmatics & Cognition 27:1 ► pp. 240 ff.
Lopez-Ozieblo, Renia
Puerma Bonilla, Javier
Ratkus, Artūras
Robert, Stéphane
2020. On the grammatical uses of the ‘head’ in Wolof. In Body Part Terms in Conceptualization and Language Usage [Cognitive Linguistic Studies in Cultural Contexts, 12], ► pp. 134 ff.
Salaberri, Iker
2020. Grammaticalization of reflexivity in Basque. Journal of Historical Linguistics 10:1 ► pp. 1 ff.
Schumacher, Stefan
2020. Chapter 15. The perfect system of Old Albanian (Geg variety). In Perfects in Indo-European Languages and Beyond [Current Issues in Linguistic Theory, 352], ► pp. 506 ff.
Taube, Dana
2020. Chapter 10. Voice distinctions. In Usage-Based Studies in Modern Hebrew [Studies in Language Companion Series, 210], ► pp. 331 ff.
Teng, Stacy Fang-ching
2020. The three agent demoting prefixes (ki-, m-u-, kur-) in Katripul Puyuma. Concentric. Studies in Linguistics 46:1 ► pp. 21 ff.
Voitila, Anssi
Willim, Ewa
2020. Chapter 7. Polish impersonal middles with a dative as syntactically derived experience events. In Beyond Emotions in Language [Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today, 263], ► pp. 245 ff.
Yates, Anthony D. & John Gluckman
Enger, Hans-Olav
Eroms, Hans-Werner & Bernadett Modrián-Horváth
Fabrizio, Claudia
2019. Chapter 7. Where do Italian -ata nouns come from?. In Historical Linguistics 2015 [Current Issues in Linguistic Theory, 348], ► pp. 134 ff.
Holvoet, Axel
Khanina, Olesya & Andrey Shluinsky
Khomchenkova, Irina, Polina Pleshak & Natalia Stoynova
Kleyner, Svetlana
Kuteva, Tania, Bernd Heine, Bo Hong, Haiping Long, Heiko Narrog & Seongha Rhee
Palma Gutiérrez, Macarena
Romagno, Domenica
2019. Chapter 13. State representation and dynamic processes in Homeric Greek. In Historical Linguistics 2015 [Current Issues in Linguistic Theory, 348], ► pp. 272 ff.
Rovai, Francesco
2019. Chapter 10. Impersonal passives and the suffix -r in the Indo-European languages. In Historical Linguistics 2015 [Current Issues in Linguistic Theory, 348], ► pp. 188 ff.
Testelets, Ya.G.
Vallejos, Rosa
Vázquez, Glòria & Ana Fernández-Montraveta
Willems, Dominique & Filip Verroens
Ye, Zhengdao
Bernander, Rasmus
Chavula, Jean
Georgakopoulos, Thanasis & Stéphane Polis
Georgakopoulos, Thanasis & Stéphane Polis
Gildea, Spike & Joana Jansen
2018. Chapter 4. The development of referential hierarchy effects in Sahaptian. In Typological Hierarchies in Synchrony and Diachrony [Typological Studies in Language, 121], ► pp. 129 ff.
Guérois, Rozenn & Koen Bostoen
Heaton, Raina
Heaton, Raina
2021. Chapter 17. Antipassive and antipassive-like constructions in Mayan languages. In Antipassive [Typological Studies in Language, 130], ► pp. 549 ff.
Hernández-Green, Néstor
Jerro, Kyle
Marie Laurence, Knittel, F. Neveu, B. Harmegnies, L. Hriba & S. Prévost
Melis, Chantal & Marcela Flores
2018. Chapter 6. The dative experiencer of Spanish gustar. In Studies in Historical Ibero-Romance Morpho-Syntax [Issues in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics, 16], ► pp. 123 ff.
Petter, Margarida Maria Taddoni, Esmeralda Vailati Negrão & Evani Viotti
2018. Chapter 9. The Africa-Brazil continuum. In The Portuguese Language Continuum in Africa and Brazil [Issues in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics, 20], ► pp. 211 ff.
Seraku, Tohru & Nana Tohyama
Widmer, Manuel
2018. Transitivity markers in West Himalayish. Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 41:1 ► pp. 75 ff.
Zahir, Zalmai
2018. Chapter 9. Incipient hierarchical alignment in four Central Salish languages from the Proto-Salish middle. In Typological Hierarchies in Synchrony and Diachrony [Typological Studies in Language, 121], ► pp. 309 ff.
Ahn, Mikyung & Foong Ha Yap
Ahn, Mikyung & Foong Ha Yap
2021. On the relationship between middles and passives. Language and Linguistics. 語言暨語言學 22:2 ► pp. 213 ff.
Giacalone Ramat, Anna
Gonzálvez-García, Francisco
2017. Chapter 5. Exploring inter-constructional relations in the constructicon. In Constructing Families of Constructions [Human Cognitive Processing, 58], ► pp. 135 ff.
Haas, Florian
2017. Motivating an English-German contrast in word-formation. Languages in Contrast 17:2 ► pp. 183 ff.
Inglese, Guglielmo
2017. A synchronic and diachronic typology of Hittite reciprocal constructions. Studies in Language 41:4 ► pp. 956 ff.
Inglese, Guglielmo
Inglese, Guglielmo
Inglese, Guglielmo
Inglese, Guglielmo
Inglese, Guglielmo
Lander, Yury & Alexander Letuchiy
2017. Valency-decreasing operations in a valency-increasing language?. In Verb Valency Changes [Typological Studies in Language, 120], ► pp. 286 ff.
Malchukov, Andrej L.
2017. Markedness effects in applicative formation. In Verb Valency Changes [Typological Studies in Language, 120], ► pp. 4 ff.
Meulleman, Machteld
2017. Michel Achard. 2015. Impersonals and other Agent Defocusing Constructions in French
. Constructions and Frames 9:2 ► pp. 321 ff.
Mohammadirad, Masoud & Mohammad Rasekh-Mahand
Mohammadirad, Masoud & Mohammad Rasekh-Mahand
Olthof, Marieke
Peregrina Llanes, Manuel, Albert Álvarez González & Zarina Estrada-Fernández
2017. Transitivity and valency-changing operations in Huasteca Nahuatl. In Verb Valency Changes [Typological Studies in Language, 120], ► pp. 82 ff.
Viti, Carlotta
2017. Semantic and cognitive factors of argument marking in ancient Indo-European languages. Diachronica 34:3 ► pp. 368 ff.
Wolfsgruber, Anne C.
2017.
On, Se and related valency alternations in Medieval French.
Lingvisticae Investigationes
40:1 ► pp. 59 ff.
Wolfsgruber, Anne C.
Zhang, Ying
Benedetti, Marina
Boro, Krishna
Croft, William
Dom, Sebastian, Leonid Kulikov & Koen Bostoen
Dom, Sebastian, Leonid Kulikov & Koen Bostoen
Drożdż, Grzegorz
Garcia de la Maza, Casilda
2016. The argument-structure configuration of English middle and related structures. In Atypical predicate-argument relations [Lingvisticæ Investigationes Supplementa, 33], ► pp. 115 ff.
González, Raúl Eduardo
González, Raúl Eduardo
Góralczyk, Iwona & Joanna Łozinska-Bastek
2016. The conceptual structure of reflexivity in The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Manuscript E. In Studies in Lexicogrammar [Human Cognitive Processing, 54], ► pp. 161 ff.
Jacques, Guillaume, Aimée Lahaussois & Dhan Bahadur Rai
Janic, Katarzyna
Janic, Katarzyna
Janic, Katarzyna
2021. Chapter 8. Variation in the verbal marking of antipassive constructions. In Antipassive [Typological Studies in Language, 130], ► pp. 249 ff.
Lahaussois, Aimée
Narrog, Heiko
2016. Exaptation in Japanese and beyond. In Exaptation and Language Change [Current Issues in Linguistic Theory, 336], ► pp. 93 ff.
Nau, Nicole & Jurgis Pakerys
Zúñiga, Fernando
Candalija Reina, José Antonio
2015. Argumental comitative and reciprocity in Spanish. In Verb Classes and Aspect [IVITRA Research in Linguistics and Literature, 9], ► pp. 98 ff.
David Crellin, Robert Samuel
Dom, Sebastian, Guillaume Segerer & Koen Bostoen
2015. Antipassive/associative polysemy in Cilubà (Bantu, L31a). Studies in Language 39:2 ► pp. 354 ff.
Givón, T.
Holvoet, Axel, Marta Grzybowska & Agnieszka Rembiałkowska
2015. Middle voice reflexives and argument structure in Baltic. In Voice and Argument Structure in Baltic [Valency, Argument Realization and Grammatical Relations in Baltic, 2], ► pp. 181 ff.
Jacques, Guillaume
2015. The spontaneous-autobenefactive prefix in Japhug Rgyalrong. Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 38:2 ► pp. 271 ff.
Jansegers, Marlies, Clara Vanderschueren & Renata Enghels
Kittilä, Seppo
2015. Chapter 16. Valence change. In Valence Changes in Zapotec [Typological Studies in Language, 110], ► pp. 345 ff.
Kulikov, Leonid & Nikolaos Lavidas
2015. Reconstructing passive and voice in Proto-Indo-European. In Proto-Indo-European Syntax and its Development [Benjamins Current Topics, 75], ► pp. 101 ff.
Kulikov, Leonid & Nikolaos Lavidas
2017. Between Passive and Middle. In Contrastive Studies in Verbal Valency [Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today, 237], ► pp. 298 ff.
Kurras, Paola Cotticelli & Alfredo Rizza
2015. Reconstructing Proto-Indo-European categories. In Proto-Indo-European Syntax and its Development [Benjamins Current Topics, 75], ► pp. 7 ff.
Levin, Beth
Nau, Nicole & Axel Holvoet
2015. Voice in Baltic. In Voice and Argument Structure in Baltic [Valency, Argument Realization and Grammatical Relations in Baltic, 2], ► pp. 1 ff.
Nordrum, Lene
2015. Exploring spontaneous-event marking though parallel corpora. Languages in Contrast 15:2 ► pp. 230 ff.
Pitteroff, Marcel
Safir, Ken
Schäfer, Florian & Margot Vivanco
2015. Reflexively marked anticausatives are not semantically reflexive. In Romance Languages and Linguistic Theory 2013 [Romance Languages and Linguistic Theory, 8], ► pp. 203 ff.
Schäfer, Florian & Margot Vivanco
Spathas, Giorgos, Artemis Alexiadou & Florian Schäfer
Wiemer, Björn & Marta Grzybowska
2015. Converse relations with the reflexive marker in Lithuanian and Polish. In Voice and Argument Structure in Baltic [Valency, Argument Realization and Grammatical Relations in Baltic, 2], ► pp. 211 ff.
Andersen, Torben
2014. Chapter 9. Number in Dinka. In Number – Constructions and Semantics [Studies in Language Companion Series, 151], ► pp. 221 ff.
Bar-Asher Siegal, Elitzur A.
Będkowska-Kopczyk, Agnieszka
Camugli Gallardo, Catherine & Takuya Nakamura
Guerrero Medina, Pilar
2014. A lexico-paradigmatic approach to Englishsetting-constructions. In The Functional Perspective on Language and Discourse [Pragmatics & Beyond New Series, 247], ► pp. 133 ff.
Hendriks, Petra, John C. J. Hoeks & Jennifer Spenader
Niclot, Domenico
2014. From semantic roles to evaluative markers. The dative and affected possessors. In Perspectives on Semantic Roles [Typological Studies in Language, 106], ► pp. 271 ff.
Pratas, Fernanda
Rousseau, André
Shibasaki, Reijirou
2014. More Thoughts on the Grammaticalization of Personal Pronouns. In Grammaticalization – Theory and Data [Studies in Language Companion Series, 162], ► pp. 129 ff.
SIEMUND, PETER
Siemund, Peter
2018. Modeling World Englishes from a cross-linguistic perspective. In Modeling World Englishes [Varieties of English Around the World, G61], ► pp. 133 ff.
Beavers, John & Cala Zubair
Laks, Lior
Lauwers, Peter & Els Tobback
Nogueira, Antonia Fernanda de Souza
Tucker, Gordon H.
2013. Review of Medina (2011): Morphosyntactic alternations in English: Functional and cognitive perspectives. Functions of Language 20:2 ► pp. 307 ff.
Zhang, Ze Shun
ALEXIADOU, ARTEMIS & EDIT DORON
Dahl, Eystein & Chiara Fedriani
Messineo, Cristina
Messineo, Cristina & Ana Gerzenstein
Mitkovska, Liljana & Eleni Bužarovska
Mitkovska, Liljana & Eleni Bužarovska
Siloni, Tal
Alexiadou, Artemis
Chelliah, Shobhana L. & Willem J. de Reuse
Koontz-Garboden, Andrew & Itamar Francez
Martin Maiden, John Charles Smith & Adam Ledgeway
Næss, Åshild
2010. Review of Butler & Arista (2008): Deconstructing Constructions. Studies in Language 34:4 ► pp. 934 ff.
Næss, Åshild
Næss, Åshild
Næss, Åshild
Koontz-Garboden, Andrew
Moreton, Emma
Schäfer, Florian
Schäfer, Florian
Afonso, Susana
Albright, Adam
Barry, Elizabeth
Blevins, Juliette
Bybee, Joan L.
Garrett, Andrew
Harris, Alice C.
Haspelmath, Martin
Hopper, Paul J.
Kiparsky, Paul
Kuteva, Tania & Bernd Heine
Nichols, Johanna
Nichols, Johanna
Whitman, John
Fernández Garay, Ana
Hartmann, M.
McGregor, William B.
McGregor, William B.
2014. The ‘say, do’ verb in Nyulnyul, Warrwa, and other Nyulnyulan languages is monosemic. In Events, Arguments, and Aspects [Studies in Language Companion Series, 152], ► pp. 301 ff.
Danler, Paul
2006. “Parlare senza dirlo” — or — “Speaking without sayingit”. Journal of Language and Politics 5:3 ► pp. 305 ff.
Dobrovie‐Sorin, Carmen
Dobrovie‐Sorin, Carmen
Koptjevskaja-Tamm, Maria
Nouguier Voisin, Sylvie
Dion, Marie-France
Estrada Fernández, Zarina
Jisa, Harriet
Kouwenberg, N. J. C.
Signes-Codoñer, Juan
2005. The definitions of the Greek Middle Voice between Apollonius Dyscolus and Constantinus Lascaris. Historiographia Linguistica 32:1-2 ► pp. 1 ff.
Croft, William & Keith T. Poole
Palancar, Enrique L.
Donald E. Hardy
Sansò, Andrea
2003. Review of Croft (2001): Radical Construction Grammar. Syntactic Theory in Typological Perspective. Studies in Language 27:3 ► pp. 671 ff.
Sansò, Andrea
Strauss, Susan
van der Auwera, Johan, Nina Dobrushina & Valentin Goussev
Oya, Toshiaki
Oya, Toshiaki
Brahim, Ahmed
Creissels, Denis
NILI MANDELBLIT
SAKAMOTO, MAKI
Arnett, Carlee
Pountain, Christopher J.
Bender, M. Lionel, Vit Bubenik, Grazia Crocco Galèas, Beatriz Dukes, Anthony P. Grant, John Hewson, Laura Hidalgo, Laura Hidalgo, Alan S. Kaye, Alan S. Kaye, Helma Pasch, Gary D. Prideaux, Heidi Quinn, Leonard Rolfe, Sharon Rose, W. Wilfried Schuhmacher, W. Wilfried Schuhmacher, Edward J. Vajda, Jana Vizmuller-Zocco & Johanna Wood
Dallmayr, Fred
Dallmayr, Fred
Drettas, Georges
Drettas, Georges
Enger, Hans-Olav & Tore Nesset
Turley, Jeffrey S.
TANIGUCHI, KAZUMI
Beck, David
Croft, William A.
Kazenin, Konstantin I.
[no author supplied]
[no author supplied]
[no author supplied]
[no author supplied]
[no author supplied]
[no author supplied]
[no author supplied]
[no author supplied]
[no author supplied]
[no author supplied]
[no author supplied]
[no author supplied]
2019. References. In A Contrastive Grammar of Brazilian Pomeranian [Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today, 248], ► pp. 273 ff.
[no author supplied]
[no author supplied]
[no author supplied]
[no author supplied]
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 8 november 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.
Subjects
Main BIC Subject
CF: Linguistics
Main BISAC Subject
LAN009000: LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES / Linguistics / General