The Middle Voice
| University of California, San Diego
This book approaches the middle voice from the perspective of typology and language universals research. The principal aim is to provide a typologically valid characterization of the category of middle voice in terms of which it can be incorporated in a cognitively-based theory of human language. The term “middle voice” has had a wide range of applications in the linguistic literature of this century.
The main thesis in this volume is that there is a coherent, though complex, semantic category of middle voice in human language, which receives grammatical instantiation in many languages. The author claims there is a semantic property crucial to the nature of the middle, which she terms “relative elaboration of events”, that serves as a parameter along which the reflexive and the middle can be situated as semantic categories intermediate in transitivity between one-participant and two-participant events, and which differentiates reflexive and middle from one another.
In this area, most analyses deal with one language and/or are limited to Indo-European languages. This work deals with a subset of middle-marking languages that was chosen so as to observe the highest possible number of different middle systems showing significant independent diachronic development.
[Typological Studies in Language, 23] 1993. xii, 300 pp.
Publishing status: Available
© John Benjamins Publishing Company
Table of Contents
|
Preface
|
ix
|
|
Introduction
|
1
|
|
Middle Voice Systems
|
15
|
|
Reflexive and Associated Middle Situation Types
|
41
|
|
Related Semantic Domains
|
95
|
|
Diachronic Developments
|
151
|
|
Hypotheses and Predictions
|
201
|
|
Notes
|
249
|
|
Appendix A: A checklist for Middle Semantics
|
267
|
|
Data Sources
|
271
|
|
Bibliography
|
273
|
|
Index of Subjects
|
287
|
|
Index of Names
|
293
|
|
Index of Languages
|
297
|
Cited by
Cited by 200 other publications
No author info given
2002. Book Reviews.
Journal of African Languages and Linguistics 23:1 
No author info given
2014.
In Cognitive Modeling [Human Cognitive Processing, 45],
No author info given
2014.
In Profiling Discourse Participants [Pragmatics & Beyond New Series, 246],
No author info given
2014.
In The Spatial Language of Time [Human Cognitive Processing, 42],
No author info given
2015.
In Impersonals and other Agent Defocusing Constructions in French [Human Cognitive Processing, 50],
No author info given
2016.
In Semantic Structure in English [Studies in Functional and Structural Linguistics, 73],
No author info given
2017.
In The Encyclopedic Dictionary of Applied Linguistics: A Handbook for Language Teaching,
► pp. 744 ff.
No author info given
2019.
In A Contrastive Grammar of Brazilian Pomeranian [Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today, 248],
► pp. 273 ff.
No author info given
2019.
In Patient-Subject Constructions in Mandarin Chinese [Studies in Chinese Language and Discourse, 12],
No author info given
2019.
In Typology of Pluractional Constructions in the Languages of the World [Typological Studies in Language, 125],
No author info given
2020.
In The Legacy of Soisalon-Soininen,
► pp. 301 ff.
No author info given
2020.
In The Middle Voice in Baltic [Valency, Argument Realization and Grammatical Relations in Baltic, 5],
No author info given
2020.
In The NP-strategy for Expressing Reciprocity [Typological Studies in Language, 127],
Afonso, Susana
2008. Existentials as impersonalising devices: the case of European Portuguese.
Transactions of the Philological Society 106:2 ► pp. 180 ff.
Afonso, Susana & Francesco Goglia
2015. Linguistic innovations in the immigration context as initial stages of a partially restructured variety: Evidence from SE constructions in the Portuguese of the East Timorese diaspora in Portugal.
Studies in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics 8:1 ► pp. 1 ff.
Ahn, Mikyung & Foong Ha Yap
2017. From middle to passive.
Diachronica 34:4 ► pp. 437 ff.
Ahn, Mikyung & Foong Ha Yap
2021. On the relationship between middles and passives.
Language and Linguistics. 語言暨語言學 22:2 ► pp. 213 ff.
Alexiadou, Artemis
2011. Statives and nominalization1.
Recherches linguistiques de Vincennes :40 ► pp. 25 ff.
Alexiadou, Artemis
2020.
In Complex Words,
► pp. 192 ff.
ALEXIADOU, ARTEMIS & EDIT DORON
2012. The syntactic construction of two non-active Voices: Passive and middle.
Journal of Linguistics 48:1 ► pp. 1 ff.
Andersen, Torben
2014.
In Number – Constructions and Semantics [Studies in Language Companion Series, 151],
► pp. 221 ff.
Arnett, Carlee
2000. A Cognitive Approach to the Old Saxon Processual Passive.
American Journal of Germanic Linguistics and Literatures 12:1 ► pp. 81 ff.
Auderset, Sandra
2021.
In Antipassive [Typological Studies in Language, 130],
► pp. 385 ff.
Bar-Asher Siegal, Elitzur A.
2014. Reciprocal NP-Strategies in Jewish Dialects of Near Eastern Neo-Aramaic in Light of Parallel Semitic Constructions.
Journal of Jewish Languages 2:1 ► pp. 49 ff.
Barry, Elizabeth
2008. One's Own Company:Agency, Identity and the Middle Voice in the Work of Samuel Beckett.
Journal of Modern Literature 31:2 ► pp. 115 ff.
Beavers, John & Cala Zubair
2013. Anticausatives in Sinhala: involitivity and causer suppression.
Natural Language & Linguistic Theory 31:1 ► pp. 1 ff.
Beck, David
1996. Transitivity and Causation in Lushootseed Morphology.
Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 41:2 ► pp. 109 ff.
Bender, M. Lionel, Vit Bubenik, Grazia Crocco Galèas, Beatriz Dukes, Anthony P. Grant, John Hewson, Laura Hidalgo, Laura Hidalgo, Alan S. Kaye, Alan S. Kaye, Helma Pasch, Gary D. Prideaux, Heidi Quinn, Leonard Rolfe, Sharon Rose, W. Wilfried Schuhmacher, W. Wilfried Schuhmacher, Edward J. Vajda, Jana Vizmuller-Zocco & Johanna Wood
1999. Reviews.
<i>WORD</i> 50:1 ► pp. 57 ff.
Benedetti, Marina
2016. Steps in the middle (voice): ancient Greek grammarians, Bopp and beyond.
Historical Linguistics 129:1 ► pp. 154 ff.
Bernander, Rasmus
2018. The neuter in Manda, with a focus on its reinterpretation as passive.
Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies 36:3 ► pp. 175 ff.
Bostoen, Koen, Sebastian Dom & Guillaume Segerer
2015. The antipassive in Bantu.
Linguistics 53:4
Brahim, Ahmed
2001. Passif et moyen dans les langues du pourtour méditerranéen.
Linx :45 ► pp. 107 ff.
Burukina, Irina
2021. Profile of reflexives in Hill Mari.
Folia Linguistica 55:1 ► pp. 127 ff.
Cacoullos, Rena Torres
2002. Le: from pronoun to verbal intensifier.
Linguistics 40:2
Candalija Reina, José Antonio
2015.
In Verb Classes and Aspect [IVITRA Research in Linguistics and Literature, 9],
► pp. 98 ff.
Chavula, Jean
2018. The polysemy of the neuter extension -ik in Citumbuka (N21) and Citonga (N15).
Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies 36:3 ► pp. 197 ff.
Chelliah, Shobhana L. & Willem J. de Reuse
2010.
In Handbook of Descriptive Linguistic Fieldwork,
► pp. 279 ff.
Creissels, Denis
2001. Remarques sur la notion de passif et l’origine des constructions passives.
Linx :45 ► pp. 71 ff.
Croft, William & Keith T. Poole
2004. Inferring Universals from Grammatical Variation: Multidimensional Scaling for Typological Analysis.
SSRN Electronic Journal
Croft, William A.
1995. Review of Klaiman (1991): Grammatical voice.
Studies in Language 19:2 ► pp. 553 ff.
Dahl, Eystein & Chiara Fedriani
2012. The Argument Structure of Experience: Experiential Constructions in Early Vedic, Homeric Greek and Early Latin1.
Transactions of the Philological Society 110:3 ► pp. 342 ff.
Dallmayr, Fred
1999. Rethinking Secularism (with Raimon Panikkar).
The Review of Politics 61:4 ► pp. 715 ff.
Dallmayr, Fred
2002.
In Dialogue Among Civilizations,
► pp. 185 ff.
Dancygier, Barbara & Eve Sweetser
2005.
In Mental Spaces in Grammar,
Danler, Paul
2006. “Parlare senza dirlo” — or — “Speaking without saying it”.
Journal of Language and Politics 5:3 ► pp. 305 ff.
David Crellin, Robert Samuel
2015. The Syntax and Semantics of the Perfect Active in Literary Koine Greek.
Transactions of the Philological Society 113 ► pp. 1 ff.
de Benito Moreno, Carlota
2021. Is there really an aspectual se in Spanish?.
Folia Linguistica 55:1 ► pp. 195 ff.
de Benito Moreno, Carlota
2021. Is there really an aspectual se in Spanish?.
Folia Linguistica 55:1 ► pp. 195 ff.
Devylder, Simon
2017. Cutting and Breaking the Embodied Self.
CogniTextes :Volume 16
Diessel, Holger
2019.
In The Grammar Network,
Dion, Marie-France
2005. Du projet à la promesse. Analyse syntaxique et critique de la forme de Genèse 12,1-3 et 12,7.
Studies in Religion/Sciences Religieuses 34:1 ► pp. 99 ff.
Dobrovie-Sorin, Carmen
2017.
In The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Syntax, Second Edition,
► pp. 1 ff.
Dom, Sebastian, Leonid Kulikov & Koen Bostoen
2016. The middle as a voice category in Bantu: Setting the stage for further research.
Lingua Posnaniensis 58:2 ► pp. 129 ff.
Dom, Sebastian, Leonid Kulikov & Koen Bostoen
2018. Valency-decreasing derivations and quasi-middles in Bantu: A typological perspective.
Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies 36:3 ► pp. 165 ff.
Dom, Sebastian, Guillaume Segerer & Koen Bostoen
2015. Antipassive/associative polysemy in Cilubà (Bantu, L31a).
Studies in Language 39:2 ► pp. 354 ff.
Drożdż, Grzegorz
2016.
In Studies in Lexicogrammar [Human Cognitive Processing, 54],
► pp. 1 ff.
Enger, Hans-Olav
2019. Baerman, Matthew (ed): The Oxford Handbook of Inflection.
Morphology 29:1 ► pp. 133 ff.
Enger, Hans-Olav & Tore Nesset
1999. The Value of Cognitive Grammar in Typological Studies: the Case of
Norwegian and Russian Passive, Middle and Reflexive.
Nordic Journal of Linguistics 22:1 ► pp. 27 ff.
Eroms, Hans-Werner & Bernadett Modrián-Horváth
2019.
In ,
► pp. 48 ff.
Estrada Fernández, Zarina
2005. The Pronominal Form ‐a as a Middle Marker in Pima Bajo.
International Journal of American Linguistics 71:3 ► pp. 277 ff.
Fabrizio, Claudia
2019.
In Historical Linguistics 2015 [Current Issues in Linguistic Theory, 348],
► pp. 134 ff.
Fernández Garay, Ana
2007. Sistemas sintácticos en Tehuelche.
International Journal of American Linguistics 73:1 ► pp. 114 ff.
Garcia de la Maza, Casilda
2016.
In Atypical predicate-argument relations [Lingvisticæ Investigationes Supplementa, 33],
► pp. 115 ff.
Georgakopoulos, Thanasis & Stéphane Polis
2018. The semantic map model: State of the art and future avenues for linguistic research.
Language and Linguistics Compass 12:2 ► pp. e12270 ff.
George, Coulter H.
2005.
In Expressions of Agency in Ancient Greek,
Gildea, Spike & Joana Jansen
2018.
In Typological Hierarchies in Synchrony and Diachrony [Typological Studies in Language, 121],
► pp. 129 ff.
Givón, T.
2015.
In The Diachrony of Grammar,
González, Raúl Eduardo
2016. Indexación de argumentos no-sujeto promovidos por aplicativos en toba del este de Formosa (Argentina).
Forma y Función 29:2 ► pp. 39 ff.
Gonzálvez-García, Francisco
2017.
In Constructing Families of Constructions [Human Cognitive Processing, 58],
► pp. 135 ff.
Guerrero Medina, Pilar
2014.
In The Functional Perspective on Language and Discourse [Pragmatics & Beyond New Series, 247],
► pp. 133 ff.
Guérois, Rozenn & Koen Bostoen
2018. On the origins of passive allomorphy in Cuwabo (Bantu P34).
Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies 36:3 ► pp. 211 ff.
Góralczyk, Iwona & Joanna Łozinska-Bastek
2016.
In Studies in Lexicogrammar [Human Cognitive Processing, 54],
► pp. 161 ff.
Haas, Florian
2017. Motivating an English-German contrast in word-formation.
Languages in Contrast 17:2 ► pp. 183 ff.
Halm, Tamás
2020. Grammaticalization without Feature Economy.
Diachronica 37:1 ► pp. 1 ff.
Han-Pile, Béatrice
2020. ‘The doing is everything’: a middle-voiced reading of agency in Nietzsche.
Inquiry 63:1 ► pp. 42 ff.
Hardy, Donald E.
2003. Face and the middle voice in Flannery OConnors fiction.
Journal of Literary Semantics 32:2
Hartmann, M.
2007. KAUFMANN, I.: Medium und Reflexiv. Eine Studie zur Verbsemantik.
Kratylos 52:1 ► pp. 171 ff.
Heaton, Raina
2018. Intransitivizing morphology.
Language and Linguistics Compass 12:12 ► pp. e12305 ff.
Heaton, Raina
2020. Antipassives in Crosslinguistic Perspective.
Annual Review of Linguistics 6:1 ► pp. 131 ff.
Heaton, Raina
2021.
In Antipassive [Typological Studies in Language, 130],
► pp. 549 ff.
Heine, Bernd
2005. On reflexive forms in creoles.
Lingua 115:3 ► pp. 201 ff.
Hendriks, Petra, John C. J. Hoeks & Jennifer Spenader
2014. Reflexive choice in Dutch and German.
The Journal of Comparative Germanic Linguistics 17:3 ► pp. 229 ff.
Holvoet, Axel, Marta Grzybowska & Agnieszka Rembiałkowska
2015.
In Voice and Argument Structure in Baltic [Valency, Argument Realization and Grammatical Relations in Baltic, 2],
► pp. 181 ff.
Hopper, Paul J. & Elizabeth Closs Traugott
2003.
In Grammaticalization,
Inglese, Guglielmo
2017. A synchronic and diachronic typology of Hittite reciprocal constructions.
Studies in Language 41:4 ► pp. 956 ff.
Inglese, Guglielmo & Chiara Zanchi
2020. Reciprocal constructions in Homeric Greek: A typological and corpus-based approach.
Folia Linguistica 54:s41 ► pp. 117 ff.
Jacques, Guillaume
2015. The spontaneous-autobenefactive prefix in Japhug Rgyalrong.
Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 38:2 ► pp. 271 ff.
Jacques, Guillaume, Aimée Lahaussois & Dhan Bahadur Rai
2016. Reflexive paradigms in Khaling.
Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 39:1 ► pp. 33 ff.
Janic, Katarzyna
2016. Synchronic and diachronic aspects of valency-reducing devices in Oceanic languages.
Lingua Posnaniensis 58:2 ► pp. 151 ff.
Janic, Katarzyna
2021.
In Antipassive [Typological Studies in Language, 130],
► pp. 249 ff.
Jerro, Kyle
2018. Change-of-state paradigms and the middle in Kinyarwanda.
Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies 36:3 ► pp. 235 ff.
Jisa, Harriet
2005.
In Perspectives on Language and Language Development,
► pp. 357 ff.
Kazenin, Konstantin I.
1994. On the Lexical Distribution of Agent-preserving and Object-preserving Transitivity Alternations.
Nordic Journal of Linguistics 17:2 ► pp. 141 ff.
Kittilä, Seppo
2015.
In Valence Changes in Zapotec [Typological Studies in Language, 110],
► pp. 345 ff.
Kleyner, Svetlana
2019. Changed In Translation: Greek Actives Become Gothic Passives.
Transactions of the Philological Society 117:1 ► pp. 112 ff.
Kokorniak, Iwona
2021. An aspectual contour of phrasal verb constructions with English think
.
Poznan Studies in Contemporary Linguistics 57:1 ► pp. 165 ff.
Koontz-Garboden, Andrew
2009. Anticausativization.
Natural Language & Linguistic Theory 27:1 ► pp. 77 ff.
Koontz-Garboden, Andrew & Itamar Francez
2010. Possessed properties in Ulwa.
Natural Language Semantics 18:2 ► pp. 197 ff.
Koptjevskaja-Tamm, Maria
2006.
In Linguistic Areas,
► pp. 182 ff.
Kouwenberg, N. J. C.
2005. Reflections on the Gt-Stem in Akkadian.
Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und Vorderasiatische Archäologie 95:1-2
Kulikov, Leonid & Nikolaos Lavidas
2015.
In Proto-Indo-European Syntax and its Development [Benjamins Current Topics, 75],
► pp. 101 ff.
Kulikov, Leonid & Nikolaos Lavidas
2017.
In Contrastive Studies in Verbal Valency [Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today, 237],
► pp. 298 ff.
Kurras, Paola Cotticelli & Alfredo Rizza
2015.
In Proto-Indo-European Syntax and its Development [Benjamins Current Topics, 75],
► pp. 7 ff.
Kuteva, Tania, Bernd Heine, Bo Hong, Haiping Long, Heiko Narrog & Seongha Rhee
2019.
In World Lexicon of Grammaticalization,
Lívia Körtvélyessy & Pavol Štekauer
2020.
In Complex Words,
Lahaussois, Aimée
2016. Reflexive derivations in Thulung.
Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 39:1 ► pp. 49 ff.
Laks, Lior
2013. Why and how do Hebrew verbs change their form? A morpho-thematic account.
Morphology 23:3 ► pp. 351 ff.
Lander, Yury & Alexander Letuchiy
2017.
In Verb Valency Changes [Typological Studies in Language, 120],
► pp. 286 ff.
Levin, Beth
2015. Semantics and Pragmatics of Argument Alternations.
Annual Review of Linguistics 1:1 ► pp. 63 ff.
Lewandowski, Wojciech
2021. Constructions are not predictable but are motivated: evidence from the Spanish completive reflexive.
Linguistics 59:1 ► pp. 35 ff.
Lopez-Ozieblo, Renia
2020. A multimodal cognitive approach to aid the conceptualization of Spanish utterances with ‘se’.
Cognitive Linguistics 31:4 ► pp. 677 ff.
Martin Maiden, John Charles Smith & Adam Ledgeway
2010.
In The Cambridge History of the Romance Languages,
Malchukov, Andrej L.
2017.
In Verb Valency Changes [Typological Studies in Language, 120],
► pp. 4 ff.
Maldonado, Ricardo
2002. Objective and subjective datives.
Cognitive Linguistics 13:1 ► pp. 1 ff.
MANDELBLIT, NILI
2001. The grammatical marking of conceptual integration: From syntax to morphology.
Cognitive Linguistics 11:3-4
Marie Laurence, Knittel, F. Neveu, B. Harmegnies, L. Hriba & S. Prévost
2018. Retour vers le Médiopassif.
SHS Web of Conferences 46 ► pp. 12009 ff.
McGregor, William B.
2007. Ergative Marking of Intransitive Subjects in Warrwa.
Australian Journal of Linguistics 27:2 ► pp. 201 ff.
McGregor, William B.
2014.
In Events, Arguments, and Aspects [Studies in Language Companion Series, 152],
► pp. 301 ff.
Melis, Chantal & Marcela Flores
2018.
In Studies in Historical Ibero-Romance Morpho-Syntax [Issues in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics, 16],
► pp. 123 ff.
Meulleman, Machteld
2017. Michel Achard. 2015. Impersonals and other Agent Defocusing Constructions in French
.
Constructions and Frames 9:2 ► pp. 321 ff.
Mithun, Marianne
2021.
In Antipassive [Typological Studies in Language, 130],
► pp. 43 ff.
Mitkovska, Liljana
2021. The network of reflexive dative constructions in South Slavic.
Poznan Studies in Contemporary Linguistics 57:1 ► pp. 59 ff.
Mitkovska, Liljana & Eleni Bužarovska
2012. An Alternative Analysis of the English Get-Past Participle Constructions.
Journal of English Linguistics 40:2 ► pp. 196 ff.
Mitkovska, Liljana & Eleni Bužarovska
2020. Quasi-passive reflexive constructions: Bridging autonomous and passive situations.
Linguistic Typology 0:0
Mohammadirad, Masoud & Mohammad Rasekh-Mahand
2017. Instrumental semantic map in Western Iranian languages.
STUF - Language Typology and Universals 70:4 ► pp. 579 ff.
Moreton, Emma
2009. Book Review: The Body in Flannery O’Connor’s Fiction by Donald E. Hardy, 2007. Columbia, South Carolina: University of South Carolina Press, pp. ix + 188 ISBN 978 1 57003 698 9 (hbk).
Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics 18:4 ► pp. 396 ff.
Moyse-Faurie, Claire
2017. Reflexives Markers in Oceanic Languages.
Studia Linguistica 71:1-2 ► pp. 107 ff.
Moyse-Faurie, Claire
2021.
In Antipassive [Typological Studies in Language, 130],
► pp. 149 ff.
Naess, Åshild
2011. The Grammar of Eating and Drinking Verbs.
Language and Linguistics Compass 5:6 ► pp. 413 ff.
Narrog, Heiko
2016.
In Exaptation and Language Change [Current Issues in Linguistic Theory, 336],
► pp. 93 ff.
Nau, Nicole & Axel Holvoet
2015.
In Voice and Argument Structure in Baltic [Valency, Argument Realization and Grammatical Relations in Baltic, 2],
► pp. 1 ff.
Nau, Nicole & Jurgis Pakerys
2016. Transitivity pairs in Baltic: between Finnic and Slavic.
Lingua Posnaniensis 58:2 ► pp. 83 ff.
Niclot, Domenico
2014.
In Perspectives on Semantic Roles [Typological Studies in Language, 106],
► pp. 271 ff.
Nogueira, Antonia Fernanda de Souza
2013. Descrição e análise do prefixo {e-} intr da língua Wayoro (Ayuru, tronco Tupí).
Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Ciências Humanas 8:2 ► pp. 325 ff.
Nordrum, Lene
2015. Exploring spontaneous-event marking though parallel corpora.
Languages in Contrast 15:2 ► pp. 230 ff.
Næss, Åshild
2010. Review of Butler & Arista (2008): Deconstructing Constructions.
Studies in Language 34:4 ► pp. 934 ff.
Olthof, Marieke
2017. Transparency in Norwegian and Icelandic: Language contact vs. language isolation.
Nordic Journal of Linguistics 40:1 ► pp. 73 ff.
Olthof, Marieke, Eva van Lier, Tjeu Claessen, Swintha Danielsen, Katharina Haude, Nico Lehmann, Maarten Mous, Elisabeth Verhoeven, Eline Visser, Marine Vuillermet & Arok Wolvengrey
2020. Verb-based restrictions on noun incorporation across languages.
Linguistic Typology 0:0
Oya, Toshiaki
2002. Reflexives and resultatives: some differences between English and German.
Linguistics 40:5
Oya, Toshiaki
2017. Let middles in Dutch and German: False friends?.
The Journal of Comparative Germanic Linguistics 20:3 ► pp. 229 ff.
Palancar, Enrique L.
2004. Middle Voice in Otomi.
International Journal of American Linguistics 70:1 ► pp. 52 ff.
Palma Gutiérrez, Macarena
2019.
In Computational and Corpus-Based Phraseology [Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 11755],
► pp. 345 ff.
Payne, Doris L.
2021.
In Antipassive [Typological Studies in Language, 130],
► pp. 447 ff.
Peregrina Llanes, Manuel, Albert Álvarez González & Zarina Estrada-Fernández
2017.
In Verb Valency Changes [Typological Studies in Language, 120],
► pp. 82 ff.
Petter, Margarida Maria Taddoni, Esmeralda Vailati Negrão & Evani Viotti
2018.
In The Portuguese Language Continuum in Africa and Brazil [Issues in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics, 20],
► pp. 211 ff.
Pitteroff, Marcel
2015. Non-canonical middles: a study of personal let-middles in German.
The Journal of Comparative Germanic Linguistics 18:1 ► pp. 1 ff.
Pountain, Christopher J.
2000. Pragmatic Factors in the Evolution of the Romance Reflexive (with special reference to Spanish).
Hispanic Research Journal 1:1 ► pp. 5 ff.
Ratkus, Artūras
2020. The (Non‐)Existence of the Middle Voice in Gothic: In Search of a Mirage.
Transactions of the Philological Society 118:2 ► pp. 263 ff.
Regúnaga, María Alejandra
2019. La voz pasiva en yagán.
Forma y Función 32:2 ► pp. 255 ff.
Robert, Stéphane
2020.
In Body Part Terms in Conceptualization and Language Usage [Cognitive Linguistic Studies in Cultural Contexts, 12],
► pp. 134 ff.
Rodríguez-Piedrabuena, Sandra & José M. Jiménez Delgado
2021. On the etymology of πορφύρα ‘purple’.
Glotta 97:1 ► pp. 246 ff.
Romagno, Domenica
2019.
In Historical Linguistics 2015 [Current Issues in Linguistic Theory, 348],
► pp. 272 ff.
Rovai, Francesco
2019.
In Historical Linguistics 2015 [Current Issues in Linguistic Theory, 348],
► pp. 188 ff.
SAKAMOTO, MAKI
2001. THE MIDDLE AND RELATED CONSTRUCTIONS IN ENGLISH.
ENGLISH LINGUISTICS 18:1 ► pp. 86 ff.
Salaberri, Iker
2020. Grammaticalization of reflexivity in Basque.
Journal of Historical Linguistics 10:1 ► pp. 1 ff.
Sansò, Andrea
2003. Review of Croft (2001): Radical Construction Grammar. Syntactic Theory in Typological Perspective.
Studies in Language 27:3 ► pp. 671 ff.
Sansò, Andrea
2018. Explaining the diversity of antipassives: Formal grammar vs. (diachronic) typology.
Language and Linguistics Compass 12:6 ► pp. e12277 ff.
Sapién, Racquel-María, Natalia Cáceres Arandia, Spike Gildea & Sérgio Meira
2021.
In Antipassive [Typological Studies in Language, 130],
► pp. 65 ff.
Say, Sergey
2021.
In Antipassive [Typological Studies in Language, 130],
► pp. 177 ff.
Schumacher, Stefan
2020.
In Perfects in Indo-European Languages and Beyond [Current Issues in Linguistic Theory, 352],
► pp. 506 ff.
Schäfer, Florian
2009. The Causative Alternation.
Language and Linguistics Compass 3:2 ► pp. 641 ff.
Schäfer, Florian
2012. The passive of reflexive verbs and its implications for theories of binding and case.
The Journal of Comparative Germanic Linguistics 15:3 ► pp. 213 ff.
Schäfer, Florian & Margot Vivanco
2015.
In Romance Languages and Linguistic Theory 2013 [Romance Languages and Linguistic Theory, 8],
► pp. 203 ff.
Schäfer, Florian & Margot Vivanco
2016. Anticausatives are weak scalar expressions, not reflexive expressions.
Glossa: a journal of general linguistics 1:1
Seraku, Tohru & Nana Tohyama
2018. The affective construction in Yoron Ryukyuan.
Studies in Language 42:2 ► pp. 418 ff.
Shibasaki, Reijirou
2014.
In Grammaticalization – Theory and Data [Studies in Language Companion Series, 162],
► pp. 129 ff.
SIEMUND, PETER
2014. The emergence of English reflexive verbs: an analysis based on the Oxford English Dictionary.
English Language and Linguistics 18:1 ► pp. 49 ff.
Siemund, Peter
2018.
In Modeling World Englishes [Varieties of English Around the World, G61],
► pp. 133 ff.
Signes-Codoñer, Juan
2005. The definitions of the Greek Middle Voice between Apollonius Dyscolus and Constantinus Lascaris.
Historiographia Linguistica 32:1-2 ► pp. 1 ff.
Siloni, Tal
2012. Reciprocal verbs and symmetry.
Natural Language & Linguistic Theory 30:1 ► pp. 261 ff.
Smith, Mark
2004. Light and heavy reflexives.
Linguistics 42:3
Soares da Silva, Augusto, Susana Afonso, Dafne Palú & Karlien Franco
2021. Null se constructions in Brazilian and European Portuguese: Morphosyntactic deletion or emergence of new constructions?.
Cognitive Linguistics 32:1 ► pp. 159 ff.
Spathas, Giorgos, Artemis Alexiadou & Florian Schäfer
2015. Middle Voice and reflexive interpretations: afto-prefixation in Greek.
Natural Language & Linguistic Theory 33:4 ► pp. 1293 ff.
Strauss, Susan
2003. Completive aspect, emotion, and the dynamic eventive: the case of Korean V-a/e pelita, Japanese V-te shimau, and Spanish se.
Linguistics 41:4
TANIGUCHI, KAZUMI
1997. ON THE SEMANTICS AND DEVELOPMENT OF COPULATIVE PERCEPTION VERBS IN ENGLISH: A COGNITIVE PERSPECTIVE.
ENGLISH LINGUISTICS 14:0 ► pp. 270 ff.
Taube, Dana
2020.
In Usage-Based Studies in Modern Hebrew [Studies in Language Companion Series, 210],
► pp. 331 ff.
Teng, Stacy Fang-ching
2020. The three agent demoting prefixes (ki-, m-u-, kur-) in Katripul Puyuma.
Concentric. Studies in Linguistics 46:1 ► pp. 21 ff.
Testelets, Ya.G.
2019. A language for Guinness World Records: Fifteen (or more?) reflexive pronouns in Khwarshi.
Rhema :2, 2019 ► pp. 77 ff.
Tomasello, Michael
2007.
In Handbook of Child Psychology,
Traugott, Elizabeth Closs & Richard B. Dasher
2001.
In Regularity in Semantic Change,
Tucker, Gordon H.
2013. Review of Medina (2011): Morphosyntactic alternations in English: Functional and cognitive perspectives.
Functions of Language 20:2 ► pp. 307 ff.
Turley, Jeffrey S.
1998. A prototype analysis of Spanish indeterminate reflexive constructions.
Language Sciences 20:2 ► pp. 137 ff.
Uchihara, Hiroto & Ambrocio Gutiérrez
2020. Teotitlán Zapotec: An ‘activizing’ language.
Linguistic Typology 0:0
Vallejos, Rosa
2019. Llegaron en sus canoa: innovación gramatical en el español de la Amazonía peruana.
Letras (Lima) 90:131 ► pp. 77 ff.
van der Auwera, Johan, Nina Dobrushina & Valentin Goussev
2003.
In Contrastive Analysis in Language,
► pp. 44 ff.
Viti, Carlotta
2017. Semantic and cognitive factors of argument marking in ancient Indo-European languages.
Diachronica 34:3 ► pp. 368 ff.
Voitila, Anssi
2020.
In The Legacy of Soisalon-Soininen,
► pp. 81 ff.
Vázquez, Glòria & Ana Fernández-Montraveta
2019. Los verbos recíprocos en los diccionarios.
Revista de Lexicografía 24 ► pp. 171 ff.
WEE, LIONEL
2007. Singapore English X-self and ownself.
World Englishes 26:3 ► pp. 360 ff.
Widmer, Manuel
2018. Transitivity markers in West Himalayish.
Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 41:1 ► pp. 75 ff.
Wiemer, Björn & Marta Grzybowska
2015.
In Voice and Argument Structure in Baltic [Valency, Argument Realization and Grammatical Relations in Baltic, 2],
► pp. 211 ff.
Willim, Ewa
2020.
In Beyond Emotions in Language [Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today, 263],
► pp. 245 ff.
Wolfsgruber, Anne C.
2017.
On, Se and related valency alternations in Medieval French.
Lingvisticae Investigationes
40:1 ► pp. 59 ff.
Mark A. Wrathall
2013.
In The Cambridge Companion to Heidegger's <I>Being and Time</I>,
Ye, Zhengdao
2019. The Emergence of Expressible Agency and Irony in Today’s China: A Semantic Explanation of the New Bèi-construction.
Australian Journal of Linguistics 39:1 ► pp. 57 ff.
Zahir, Zalmai
2018.
In Typological Hierarchies in Synchrony and Diachrony [Typological Studies in Language, 121],
► pp. 309 ff.
Zhang, Ying
2017. Semantic map approach to universals of conceptual correlations: a study on multifunctional repetitive grams.
Lingua Sinica 3:1
Zhang, Ze Shun
2013. Semantic Map Model and Construction of Synset.
Advanced Materials Research 756-759 ► pp. 2484 ff.
Zúñiga, Fernando
2016. Selected semitransitive constructions in Algonquian.
Lingua Posnaniensis 58:2 ► pp. 207 ff.
Zúñiga, Fernando & Seppo Kittilä
2019.
In Grammatical Voice,
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 12 may 2021. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.
Subjects
BIC Subject: CF – Linguistics
BISAC Subject: LAN009000 – LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES / Linguistics / General