Building on the framework of translanguaging both as individuals’ flexible language practices and classroom
pedagogy, this article reports on a case study that examined perceptions and practices of pedagogical translanguaging among a
group of teachers from elementary school classrooms with emergent bilingual learners in a Mid-Atlantic U.S. school district. The
analysis shows a range of transformations in the teachers’ perceptions and practices as well as their perceived and structural
challenges in implementing pedagogical translanguaging for content-integrated literacy instruction. The findings point towards the
complexity of pedagogical translanguaging in superdiverse classrooms and address the need for expanded empirical research on
pedagogical translanguaging.
Andrei, Elena, Amanda K. Kibler, and April S. Salerno. 2020. ““No,
Professor, That Is Not True”: First Attempts at Introducing Translanguaging to Pre–service
Teachers.” In Envisioning TESOL through a Translanguaging
Lens, ed. by Zhongfeng Tian, Laila Aghai, Peter Sayer, and Jamie L. Schissel. 93–109. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.
Alisaari, Jenni, Leena Maria Heikkola, Nancy Commins, and Emmanuel O. Acquah. 2019. “Monolingual
Ideologies Confronting Multilingual Realities. Finnish Teachers’ Beliefs about Linguistic
Diversity.” Teaching and Teacher
Education 801: 48–58.
Barros, Sandro, Lisa M. Domke, Carrie Symons, and Christina Ponzio. 2020. “Challenging
Monolingual Ways of Looking at Multilingualism: Insights for Curriculum Development in Teacher
Preparation.” Journal of Language, Identity &
Education 11: 1–16.
Blommaert, Jan. 2013. “Citizenship,
Language, and superdiversity: Towards Complexity.” Journal of Language, Identity &
Education 12(3): 193–196.
Canagarajah, Suresh. 2011. “Translanguaging
in the Classroom: Emerging Issues for Research and Pedagogy.” Applied Linguistics
Review 2(1): 1–28.
Canagarajah, Suresh. 2018. “Translingual
Practice as Spatial Repertoires: Expanding the Paradigm Beyond Structuralist
Orientations.” Applied
Linguistics 39(1): 31–54.
Cenoz, Jasone. 2017. “Translanguaging
in School Contexts: International Perspectives.” Journal of Language, Identity &
Education 16(4): 193–198.
Cenoz, Jasone, and Durk Gorter. 2017. “Minority
Languages and Sustainable Translanguaging: Threat or Opportunity?” Journal of Multilingual and
Multicultural
Development 38(10): 901–912.
Cenoz, Jasone, and Alaitz Santos. 2020. “Implementing
Pedagogical Translanguaging in Trilingual
Schools.” System 921: 1–9.
Charmaz, Kathy. 2010. “Grounded
Theory: Objectivist and Constructivist Methods. In Qualitative
Educational Research: Readings in Reflexive Methodology and Transformative Practice, ed.
by Wendy Luttrell. 183–207. New York, NY: Routledge.
City University of New York’s New York State Initiative on Emergent
Bilinguals. “Translanguaging
Guides.” Accessed March 8,
2021. [URL]
Coppersmith, Sarah A., Kim H. Song, and Sujin Kim. 2019. “In-service
and pre-service teachers’ perceptions of transformation and observed classroom teaching practices to become linguistically and
culturally responsive content teachers: Quality teachers for English learners.” Journal of
Transformative
Learning 6(2): 7–26.
Creese, Angela, and Adrian Blackledge. 2010. “Translanguaging
in the Bilingual Classroom: A Pedagogy for Learning and Teaching?.” The Modern Language
Journal 94(1): 103–115.
de los Ríos, Cati V., and Kate Seltzer. 2017. “Translanguaging,
Coloniality, and English Classrooms: An Exploration of Two Bicoastal Urban
Classrooms.” Research in the Teaching of
English 52(1): 55–76.
Deroo, Matthew R., Christina M. Ponzio, and Peter I. De Costa. 2020. “Reenvisioning Second Language
Teacher Education through Translanguaging Praxis.” In Envisioning
TESOL through a Translanguaging Lens, ed. by Zhongfeng Tian, Laila Aghai, Peter Sayer, and Jamie L. Schissel. 111–134. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.
Durán, Leah, and Deborah Palmer. 2014. “Pluralist
Discourses of Bilingualism and Translanguaging Talk in Classrooms.” Journal of Early Childhood
Literacy 14(3): 367–388.
Farr, Marcia, and Juyoung Song. 2011. “Language
Ideologies and Policies: Multilingualism and Education.” Language and Linguistics
Compass 5(9): 650–665.
Flores, Nelson. 2014. “Let’s
Not Forget That Translanguaging Is a Political Act.” The Educational
Linguist, July 19, 2014. [URL]
Flores, Nelson, and Geeta Aneja. 2017. ““Why
Needs Hiding” Translingual (Re) Orientations in TESOL Teacher Education.” Research in the
Teaching of
English 51(4): 441–463.
Firdyiwek, Yitna, and Emily E. Scida. 2014. “Reflective
Course Design: An Interplay between Pedagogy and Technology in a Language Teacher Education
Course.” International Journal of
ePortfolio 4(2): 115–131.
Galante, Angelica. 2020. “Pedagogical
Translanguaging in a Multilingual English Program in Canada: Student and Teacher Perspectives of
Challenges.” System 921: 1–10.
García, Ofelia, Susana Ibarra Johnson, and Kate Seltzer. 2017. The
Translanguaging Classroom: Leveraging Student Bilingualism for Learning. Philadelphia, PA: Caslon.
García, Ofelia, and Jo Anne Kleifgen. 2020. “Translanguaging
and Literacies.” Reading Research
Quarterly 55(4): 553–571.
García, Ofelia, and Li Wei. 2014. Translanguaging:
Language, Bilingualism and Education. London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
García, Ofelia, and Angel MY Lin. 2017. “Translanguaging
in Bilingual Education.” In Bilingual and Multilingual
Education, ed. by Ofelia García, Angel M. Y. Lin, and Stephen May. 117–130. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.
García, Ofelia, and Ricardo Otheguy. 2020. “Plurilingualism
and Translanguaging: Commonalities and Divergences.” International Journal of Bilingual
Education and
Bilingualism 23(1): 17–35.
García, Ofelia, and Claire E. Sylvan. 2011. “Pedagogies
and Practices in Multilingual Classrooms: Singularities in Pluralities.” The Modern Language
Journal 95 (3): 385–400.
Gort, Mileidis. 2015. “Transforming
Literacy Learning and Teaching through Translanguaging and Other Typical Practices Associated with “Doing Being
Bilingual”” International Multilingual Research
Journal 9(1): 1–6.
Gorter, Durk, and Eli Arocena. 2020. “Teachers’
Beliefs about Multilingualism in a Course on
Translanguaging.” System 921: 1–10.
Grapin, Scott. 2019. “Multimodality
in the New Content Standards Era: Implications for English Learners.” Tesol
Quarterly 53(1): 30–55.
Hamman, Laura. 2018. “Translanguaging
and Positioning in Two-way Dual Language Classrooms: A Case for Criticality.” Language and
Education 32(1): 21–42.
Hawkins, Margaret R.2018. “Transmodalities and
Transnational Encounters: Fostering Critical Cosmopolitan Relations.” Applied
Linguistics 39(1): 55–77.
Hawkins, Margaret R., and Junko Mori. 2018. “Considering
‘Trans-’perspectives in Language Theories and Practices.” Applied
Linguistics 39(1): 1–8.
Hesson, Sarah, Kate Seltzer, and Heather H. Woodley. 2014. “Translanguaging
in Curriculum and Instruction: A CUNY-NYSIEB Guide for Educators.” New York: CUNY-NYSIEB.
Holdway, Jennifer, and Caryl H. Hitchcock. 2018. “Exploring
Ideological Becoming in Professional Development for Teachers of Multilingual Learners: Perspectives on Translanguaging in the
Classroom.” Teaching and Teacher
Education 751: 60–70.
Kim, Sujin, Lisa M. Dorner, and Kim H. Song. 2021. “Conceptualizing
community translanguaging through a family literacy project.” International Multilingual
Research Journal: 1–24.
Kim, Sujin, Kim H. Song, and Sarah Coppersmith. 2018. “Creating
an interactive virtual community of linguistically and culturally responsive content teacher-learners to serve English
learners.” Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher
Education 18(2): 442–466.
Kim, Sujin, and Jennifer Suh. 2020. “Transmodalising
for equitable mathematics instruction in multilingual classroom.” Teaching for Excellence and
Equity in
Mathematics, 11(2): 35–42.
Kress, Gunther R.2010. Multimodality: A Social Semiotic
Approach to Contemporary Communication. London, UK: Routledge.
Kress, Gunther, and Theo Van Leeuwen. 2002. “Color as a Semiotic
Mode: Notes for a Grammar of Color.” Visual
Communication 1(3): 343–368.
Kress, Gunther, Carey Jewitt, Jon Ogborn, and Tsatsarelis Charalampos. 2014. Multimodal
Teaching and Learning: The Rhetorics of the Science Classroom. 2nd
ed. London, UK: Bloomsbury Academic.
Lemke, Jay. 2007. “Video
Epistemology In-and-Outside the Box: Traversing Attentional
Spaces.” In Video Research in the Learning
Sciences, ed. by Ricki Goldman, Roy Pea, Brigid Barron, and Sharon J. Derry. 39–51. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Lewis, Gwyn, Bryn Jones, and Colin Baker. 2012. “Translanguaging:
Origins and Development from School to Street and Beyond.” Educational Research and
Evaluation 18(7): 641–654.
Li, Wei. 2011. “Moment
Analysis and Translanguaging Space: Discursive Construction of Identities by Multilingual Chinese Youth in
Britain.” Journal of
Pragmatics 43(5): 1222–1235.
Li, Wei. 2018. “Translanguaging
as a Practical Theory of Language.” Applied
Linguistics 39(1): 9–30.
Li, Wei, and Ofelia García. 2016. “From
Researching Translanguaging to Translanguaging Research.” In Research
Methods in Language and Education, ed. by Kendall A. King, Yi-Ju Lai, and Stephen May. 227–240. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.
Li, Wei, and Wing Yee Jenifer Ho. 2018. “Language
Learning Sans Frontiers: A Translanguaging View.” Annual Review of Applied
Linguistics 381: 33–59. [URL] ([URL]).
Lin, Angel MY. 2019. “Theories of Trans/languaging
and Trans-semiotizing: Implications for Content-based Education Classrooms.” International
Journal of Bilingual Education and
Bilingualism 22(1): 5–16.
Martínez, Ramón Antonio, Michiko Hikida, and Leah Durán. 2015. “Unpacking
Ideologies of Linguistic Purism: How Dual Language Teachers Make Sense of Everyday
Translanguaging.” International Multilingual Research
Journal 9(1): 26–42.
MacSwan, Jeff. 2017. “A
Multilingual Perspective on Translanguaging.” American Educational Research
Journal 54(1): 167–201.
Matsuda, Paul Kei. 2014. “The Lure of Translingual
Writing.” Pmla 129(3): 478–483.
Menken, Kate, and María Teresa Sánchez. 2019. “Translanguaging
in English-only Schools: From Pedagogy to Stance in the Disruption of Monolingual Policies and
Practices.” TESOL
Quarterly 53(3): 741–767.
National Center for Education Statistics. “English
Language Learners in Public Schools – Indicator May
(2020).” Accessed March 8,
2021. [URL]
Newfield, Denise. 2014. “Transformation,
Transduction and the Transmodal Moment.” In The Routledge Handbook of
Multimodal Analysis, ed. by Carey Jewitt. 100–113. London, UK: Routledge.
Otheguy, Ricardo, Ofelia García, and Wallis Reid. 2015. “Clarifying
Translanguaging and Deconstructing Named Languages: A Perspective from Linguistics.” Applied
Linguistics
Review 6(3): 281–307.
Palmer, Deborah K., Ramón Antontio Martínez, Suzanne G. Mateus, and Kathryn Henderson. 2014. “Reframing
the Debate on Language Separation: Toward a Vision for Translanguaging Pedagogies in the Dual Language
Classroom.” The Modern Language
Journal 98(3): 757–772.
Palmer, Debrah K., and Virginia Snodgress Rangel. 2011. “High
Stakes Accountability and Policy Implementation: Teacher Decision Making in Bilingual Classrooms in
Texas.” Educational
Policy 25(4): 614–647.
Pennycook, Alastair. 2017. “Translanguaging
and Semiotic Assemblages.” International Journal of
Multilingualism 14(3): 269–282.
Pontier, Ryan, and Mileidis Gort. 2016. “Coordinated
Translanguaging Pedagogy as Distributed Cognition: A Case Study of Two Dual Language Bilingual Education Preschool Coteachers’
Languaging Practices during Shared Book Readings.” International Multilingual Research
Journal 10(2): 89–106.
Poza, Luis E.2018. “The language of ciencia:
Translanguaging and Learning in a Bilingual Science Classroom.” International Journal of
Bilingual Education and
Bilingualism 21(1):1–19.
Robinson, Elizabeth, Zhongfeng Tian, Elie Crief, and Maíra Lins Prado2020. “Learning to
Teach English for Justice from a Translanguaging
Orientation.” In Envisioning TESOL through a Translanguaging
Lens, ed. by Zhongfeng Tian, Laila Aghai, Peter Sayer, and Jamie L. Schissel. 135–159. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.
Rogers, Rebecca. ed. 2011. An
Introduction to Critical Discourse Analysis in Education. New York, NY: Routledge.
Salerno, April S., Elena Andrei, and Amanda K. Kibler. 2019. “Teachers’
Misunderstandings about Hybrid Language Use: Insights into Teacher Education.” TESOL
Journal 10(3): 1–5.
Sayer, Peter. 2013. “Translanguaging,
TexMex, and Bilingual Pedagogy: Emergent Bilinguals Learning through the Vernacular.” TESOL
Quarterly 47(1): 63–88.
Seals, Corinne A., and Vincent Olsen-Reeder. 2020. “Translanguaging
in Conjunction with Language
Revitalization.” System 921: 1–11.
Toohey, Kelleen. 2019. “The
Onto-epistemologies of New Materialism: Implications for Applied Linguistics Pedagogies and
Research.” Applied
Linguistics 40(6): 937–956.
Vallejo, Claudia, and Melinda Dooly. 2019. “Plurilingualism
and Translanguaging: Emergent Approaches and Shared Concerns. Introduction to the Special
Issue.” International Journal of Bilingual Education and
Bilingualism 23(1): 1–16.
Velasco, Patricia, and Ofelia García. 2014. “Translanguaging
and the Writing of Bilingual Learners.” Bilingual Research
Journal 37(1): 6–23.
Vertovec, Steven. 2007. “Super-Diversity
and its Implications.” Ethnic and Racial
Studies 30(6): 1024–1054.
Vogel, Sara, Laura Ascenzi-Moreno, and Ofelia García. 2019. “An
Expanded View of Translanguaging: Leveraging the Dynamic Interactions Between a Young Multilingual Writer and Machine
Translation Software.” In Plurilingualism in Teaching and Learning:
Complexities Across Contexts, ed. by Julie Choi, and Sue Ollerhead. 89–106. New York, NY: Routledge.
Wetzel, M. Melissa, Beth Maloch, and James V. Hoffman. 2017. “Retrospective
video analysis: A reflective tool for teachers and teacher educators.” The Reading
Teacher 70(5): 533–542.
Woll, Nina. 2020. “Towards
Crosslinguistic Pedagogy: Demystifying Pre-service Teachers’ Beliefs Regarding the Target-Language-Only
Rule.” System 921: 1–11.
Yin, Robert K.2017. Case Study Research and Applications:
Design and Methods. 6th ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Zhu, Hua, Li Wei, and Daria Jankowicz-Pytel. 2020. “Translanguaging
and Embodied Teaching and Learning: Lessons from a Multilingual Karate Club in
London.” International Journal of Bilingual Education and
Bilingualism 23(1): 65–80.
Cited by (5)
Cited by five other publications
Hamman-Ortiz, Laura & Deborah Romero
2025. Translanguaging as mediated praxis: A comparative case study of bilingual and monolingual teachers experimenting with translanguaging pedagogy. Teaching and Teacher Education 156 ► pp. 104878 ff.
Curran, F. Chris, Mark B. Pacheco, Lelydeyvis Boza, Katharine Harris-Walls, Tiffany Tan & Amber Deig
2024. Multilingual Learners and Elementary Science Achievement: Exploring Trends and Heterogeneity Across Subgroups. AERA Open 10
Evmenova, Anya S., Jered Borup & Joan Kang Shin
2024. Harnessing the Power of Generative AI to Support ALL Learners. TechTrends 68:4 ► pp. 820 ff.
Kim, Sujin & Jung Yeon Park
2024. Critical awareness toward Content-Language Integrated Education for Multilingual Learners (CA-CIEML): a survey study about teachers’ ideological beliefs and attitudes. Language Awareness 33:2 ► pp. 261 ff.
Jia, Wenyun, Xuehua Fu & Jack Pun
2023. How Do EMI Lecturers’ Translanguaging Perceptions Translate into Their Practice? A Multi-Case Study of Three Chinese Tertiary EMI Classes. Sustainability 15:6 ► pp. 4895 ff.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 13 january 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.