The distribution of diagnostic features in English-lexified contact languages
Vincentian
Drawing on both historical and contemporary data, this paper presents the attestations in Vincentian of the diagnostic features of English-lexified contact languages proposed by Baker & Huber (2001). This is followed by a comparison of the distribution of these features in Vincentian and in the seven Atlantic English-lexified Pidgins and Creoles considered by Baker & Huber (2001), and the quantification of the affinities of Vincentian with Antiguan, Bajan and Kittitian. A number of selected diagnostic features recorded in Vincentian are discussed in terms of their origin, relevance to the split between Western and Eastern Caribbean Creoles, and world-wide distribution. Keywords: English-lexified Creoles; diagnostic features; origin; classification; Atlantic; Western vs Eastern Caribbean; world-wide
References
References
Aceto, Michael
1999 The Gold Coast lexical contribution to the Atlantic English Creoles. In
Spreading the Word: The Issue of Diffusion among the Atlantic Creoles,
Magnus Huber &
Mikael Parkvall (eds), 69-80. London: University of Westminster Press.
Aceto, Michael
2004–2005 The borrowing and innovation of food terms in the Anglophone Caribbean. Sargasso: Creolistics and Caribbean Languages(2004-2005 I): 77–96.
Aceto, Michael
2008a Eastern Caribbean English-derived language varieties: Phonology. In
Varieties of English, Vol. 2, The Americas and the Caribbean.
Edgar W. Schneider (ed.), 290–311. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Aceto, Michael
2008b Eastern Caribbean English-derived language varieties: Morphology and syntax. In
Varieties of English, Vol. 2, The Americas and the Caribbean.
Edgar W. Schneider (ed.), 645-660. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Alleyne, Mervyn C
1980 Comparative Afro-American: An Historical Study of English-based Dialects of the New World. Ann Arbor MI: Karoma.
Allsopp, Richard
1980 How does the creole lexicon expand? In
Theoretical Orientations in Creole Studies,
Albert Valdman &
Albert Highfield (eds), 89-107. New York NY: Academic Press.
Allsopp, Richard
1996 Dictionary of Caribbean English usage. Oxford: OUP.
Avram, Andrei A
2001a Shared features in the Atlantic English Creoles.
Revue Roumaine de Linguistique XLVI(1–4): 69–89.
Avram, Andrei A
2001b The first attestations and the distribution of some diagnostic features in the English Pidgins and Creoles.
Bucharest Working Papers in Linguistics III(1): 75–86.
Baker, Philip
1999 Investigating the origin and diffusion of shared features among the Atlantic English Creoles. In
St Kitts and the Atlantic Creoles: The texts of Samuel Augustus Mathews in Perspective,
Philip Baker &
Adrienne Bruyn (eds), 315-364. London: University of Westminster Press.
Baker, Philip & Pederson, Lee
2013 Talk of St Kitts and Nevis. London: Battlebridge Publications.
Baker, Philip & Huber, Magnus
Bartens, Angela & Farquharson, Joseph T
2012 African words in the English-lexifier Creoles of San Andrés, Providence, and Nicaragua and other Western Caribbean Varieties. In
Black through White: African Words and Calques which Survived Slavery in Creoles and Transplanted European Languages,
Angela Bartens &
Philip Baker (eds), 169-196. London: Battlebridge Publications.
Carmichael, Mrs. A
1833 Domestic Manners and Social Condition of the White, Coloured and Negro Population of the West Indies. London: Whittaker, Treacher.
Cassidy, Frederick G
1971 Tracing the pidgin element in Jamaican Creole (with notes on the method and the nature of pidgin vocabularies). In
Pidginization and Creolization of Languages,
Dell Hymes (ed.), 203-221. Cambridge: CUP.
Cruickshank, J.G
1916 ‘Black Talk’: Being Notes on Negro Dialect in British Guiana. With (Inevitably) a Chapter on the Vernacular of Barbados. Demerara: “The Argosy” Company.
Day, Charles William
1852 Five years’ Residence in the West Indies. London: Colburn & Co.
Edwards, Charles Lincoln
1895 Bahama Songs and Stories: A Contribution to Folk-lore. Boston MA: Houghton, Mifflin.
Edwards, Esther
1997 Me Vinci tark (My Vincentian dialect).
[URL] (9 May 2011).
Gonzales, Ambrose
1922 The Black Border: Gullah Stories of the Carolina Coast (with a Glossary). Columbia SC: The State Co.
Hackert, Stephanie & Huber, Magnus
Hancock, Ian
1987 A preliminary classification of the Anglophone Atlantic Creoles, with syntactic data from 33 representative dialects. In
Pidgin and Creole Languages: Essays in Memory of John E. Reinecke,
Glenn G. Gilbert (ed.), 264-333. Honolulu HI: University of Hawaii Press.
Holbrook, David Joseph
2012 The Classification of the English-lexifier Creole Languages Spoken in Grenada, Guyana, St Vincent, and Tobago Using a Comparison of the Markers of Some Key Grammatical Features: A Tool for Determining the Potential to Share and/or Adapt Literary Development Material. SIL e-Books 25.
[URL] (25 February 2012).
Holm, John
1989 Pidgins and Creoles, Vol. II: Reference Survey. Cambridge: CUP.
Holm, John
1992 Atlantic meets Pacific: Lexicon common to the English-based Pidgins and Creoles.
Language Sciences 14: 185–196.
Holm, John
2000 An Introduction to Pidgins and Creoles. Cambridge: CUP.
Holm, John & Shilling, Alison W
1982 Dictionary of Bahamian English. Cold Spring NY: Lexik House.
Huber, Magnus
1999 On the origin and diffusion of Atlantic English Creoles: First attestations from Krio. In
St Kitts and the Atlantic Creoles: The Texts of Samuel Augustus Mathews in Perspective,
Philip Baker &
Adrienne Bruyn (eds), 365-378. London: University of Westminster Press.
Le Page, Robert B. & Tabouret-Keller, Andrée
1985 Acts of Identity: Creole-based Approaches to Language and Ethnicity. Cambridge: CUP.
Maak
Chapta 1
2009 <
[URL] (27 April 2011).
Madden, R.R
1835 A Twelvemonth’s Residence in the West Indies During the Transition from Slavery to Apprenticeship; With Incidental Notices of the State of Society, Prospects, and Natural Resources of Jamaica and Other Islands, Vol. I. London: James Cochrane.
McDonald, Roderick A
(ed.) 2001 Between Slavery and Freedom: Special Magistrate John Anderson’s Journal of St Vincent During the Apprenticeship. Kingston: University of the West Indies Press.
Moister, William
1866 Memorials of Missionary Labours in Western Africa, the West Indies and the Cape of Good Hope: With Historical and Descriptive Observations, Illustrative of Natural Scenery, the Progress of Civilization, and the General Results of Missionary Enterprise. London: William Nichols.
Parkvall, Mikael
2000 Out of Africa: African Influences in Atlantic Creoles. London: Battlebridge Publications.
Parsons, Elsie Clews
1918 Folk-tales of Andros Island, Bahamas. Lancaster PA: American Folk-lore Society.
Parsons, Elsie Clews
1936 Folk-lore of the Antilles, French and English, Part I. New York NY: American Folk-lore Society.
Parsons, Elsie Clews
1943 Folk-lore of the Antilles, French and English, Part III. New York NY: American Folk-lore Society.
Prescod, Paula
2001 Vincentian speech: A conservative creole? Paper presented at the Society for Pidgin and Creole Linguistics Conference, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 26–27 June.
Prescod, Paula
2002 Le rôle de la décréolisation dans l’analyse des fonctions de /fo/ en créole vincentien. Abstract of paper presented at the discussion group “Contacts des langues”, LLACAN – CNRS, 18 October.
Prescod, Paula
2004 La dérivation en créole vincentien: Processus morphologiques et phonologiques. In
Actes des VIIèmes rencontres jeunes chercheurs de l’école doctorale 268 - Langages et langues 15 May, 30-33. Paris: Université Paris III.
Prescod, Paula
2006 Towards a writing system for Vincy.
[URL] (17 September 2011).
Rickford, John
1986 Short note.
Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 1(1): 159–163.
Roberts, Peter A
1988 West Indians and their Language. Cambridge: CUP.
Roberts, Peter A
1997 From Oral to Literate Culture: Colonial Experience in the English West Indies. Kingston: The University Press of the West Indies.
Schneider, Edgar W
(ed.) 2008 Varieties of English, Vol. 2, The Americas and the Caribbean. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Seeliger-Mander, Evelin & Mander, Osbert
2003 Kreol für Trinidad & Tobago. Bielefeld: Reise Know-How.
Shephard, Charles
1831 An Historical Account of the Island of Saint Vincent. London: W. Nicol.
The Caribbean Dictionary
2008 <
[URL] (15 September 2011).
Vincy Talk
2011 <
[URL] (9 May 2011).
Watson, Richard
1817 A Defence of the Wesleyan Methodist Missions in the West Indies: Including a Refutation of the Charges in Mr. Marryat’s “Thoughts on the Abolition of the Slave Trade, &c.” and in Other Publications; with Facts and Anecdotes Illustrative of the Moral State of the Slaves, and of the Operation of the Mission. London: Thomas Cordeux.
Wentworth, Trelawney
1834 The West India Sketch Book, Vol. II. London: Whittaker.
Wilkins, Mrs. William Noy
1854 The Slave Son. London: Chapman & Hall.
Winer, Lise
2009 Dictionary of the English/Creole of Trinidad & Tobago: On Historical Principles. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press.
Young, William
1801 A Tour through the Several Islands of Barbadoes, St Vincent, Antigua, Tobago, and Grenada, in the Years 1791 & 1792. London: John Stockdale.
Cited by
Cited by 1 other publications
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 20 april 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.