Index
A
- accent loyalty
40–41, 47–48, 198, 213, 217–219, 223
- acquiescence bias194
see also social desirability bias
- acrolect
20–22, 59, 67, 95, 205–207
- acrolectal focusing
26–27
- Acts of Identity
9,
209–210
- advertisement
28–29, 62, 90, 167–170
- agreement test
59,
73,
109
-
aks
72,
117,
141,
161–162
- Allsopp, Richard
22,
24,
63,
208,
212
- American English (AE)
- attitudes toward
40–41, 168–169, 191,
214
- influence on Jamaica
2,
25, 29–30,
169, 220, 224
;
see also Standard American English
- American-influenced English (AIE)
- attitudes toward
171–172, 173–174, 178,
214
- use of
77–78, 81–82, 85,
155, 159, 203–204
- authenticity
3,
9,
16,
144,
146,
176,
183–184
B
- baseline style
64,
109,
118
-
bath
57,
60,
69–71, 79, 82–83, 113, 115–116, 155, 162, 202–203
- Beckford-Wassink, Alicia
44,
68–69, 129, 147, 150, 216
- Bell, Allan
8–15, 62, 64, 210–211, 220, 224, 227
- Blommaert, Jan
1,
53,
227
- Bohmann, Axel
29,
64,
67,
148
- Bourdieu, Pierre
208,
216,
223
- British English (BE)
- influence on Jamaica
25,
28, 42, 45, 219
- attitudes toward
168–169, 191,
196, 219
- as a colonial standard
17,
40–41, 194,
196, 219–220
;
see also conservative standard, Received Pronunciation,
and the Queen’s English
- British-influenced English (BIE)
- attitudes toward
171–172, 173–174, 178,
192, 214, 219
- use of
77–78, 81–82, 85,
154–155, 202–203
C
- Caribbean Institute of Media and Communication (CARIMAC)
30,
196–197
- Christie, Pauline
2,
25,
30,
45,
193,
220,
223
- code-switching
29,
63,
121,
142,
163,
193,
204,
207,
212
;
see also style-shifting
- Communication Accommodation Theory
8,
210
- complaint tradition
24,
195
- conservative standard
214,
219,
221,
224
;
see also British English
- convergence
8,
127–128, 133, 135, 139, 210
;
see also divergence
- Conversation Analysis
7,
13
- conversationalization
9,
12,
15–16, 104, 201
- Coupland, Nikolas
2,
9–12, 17, 23, 39, 40, 171, 221, 225–227, 229
- covert prestige
19,
42,
212
;
see also overt prestige
- creole continuum
20–21, 23, 26, 31, 42
- Critical Discourse Analysis
7,
13
D
- demotization
24,
225–227
;
see also destandardization and standard
language ideology
- destandardization
1,
23–24, 225–227
;
see also demotization and standard
language ideology
- Deterding, David
60,
68,
69,
76
- Deuber, Dagmar
22,
25,
30,
43,
45–46, 118, 201, 206–208, 214, 219
- Devonish, Hubert
19–20, 25–26, 28–29, 31–32, 42, 45, 95, 202, 205, 219
- diglossia
19,
20,
22–23, 27–28, 31, 44, 212, 221–222
- divergence
8,
128–129, 210
;
see also convergence
E
- Eckert, Penelope
2,
8–9, 12
- education
23–26, 43, 49, 193, 196
- endonormative stabilization
24–25, 29, 44, 48, 222–224
;
see also exonormative orientation
- emphatic style
123–124, 125, 128, 138, 142, 207–208
- exonormative orientation
25,
28,
40,
45–46, 171–172, 196, 214, 218–219, 224
;
see also endonormative stabilization
F
-
face
57,
60,
68–69, 71, 78–81, 112–115, 155, 162, 202–203
- Fairclough, Norman
9,
13–14, 104, 201
- folk-linguistics
36,
50,
148–149, 187, 230
G
- Garrett, Peter
35–36, 38, 41, 220–221
-
goat
57,
60,
68–69, 71, 78–81, 112–115, 155, 162, 202–203
H
-
H-deletion
57–59, 66–67, 71, 74–75, 110–111, 155, 162
- heteroglossia
130,
132,
135,
207,
209
- Hinrichs, Lars
15–16, 22, 49, 54, 207, 227
I
- ideological openness
193,
198,
218–219
-
ing
72,
86,
118,
155,
202
- insertion of palatal glide
72,
86,
98,
117
- IRIE FM
28,
54–55, 88, 101, 189, 194–196
- Irvine, Alison
21–22, 59, 98, 179, 202, 205, 218
J
- Jaffe, Alexandra
13–17, 37, 216
- Jamaican Creole (JC)
- attitudes toward
42–44, 48,
168–170, 186,
187–190, 215–217
- definition of
19–20, 71–72
- status and use of
2,
19, 23–24,
26–29, 30–31, 204–205, 211–212, 223
- Jamaican English (JE)
- attitudes toward
46,
49, 168–169,
173–174, 177–178, 186,
191
- Newscaster Jamaican English
77–78, 81,
85, 104, 202
- use of
21–22, 25,
71, 201, 219
- Jamaican Language Unit (JLU)
25,
44
- Jamaican Information Service (JIS)
54–57, 169, 194, 196
- Johnstone, Barbara
13,
16,
39
K
- Kristiansen, Tore
24,
40,
145,
221,
225
L
- Labov, William
7–8, 11, 35, 38, 63
- language attitudes
- multidimensionality of
37,
42, 216–218
- research methods of
36,
48, 143–144,
147, 148–149,
229–230
;
see also Matched Guise Test, Verbal Guise Test,
and folk-linguistics
- linguistic deference
40–41, 45, 47–48, 198, 214, 217–220, 224–225, 230
- linguistic insecurity
41,
218–219, 224
- liveliness
8,
56,
96–97, 160, 184–186, 198, 215, 217, 222–223
-
lot
57,
59–60, 70–71, 79, 83–84, 113, 116–117, 155, 162, 202–203
M
- Mair, Christian
1,
21–22, 24–26, 28, 95, 118, 202, 218, 220, 222–224
- mass media
- and audience
11–13, 15,
17, 39, 211, 228
- communicative setting in
7–8, 14–16, 107
- effects of
11–12, 17,
222
- and language ideologies
15,
38–39, 64,
222, 228
- Matched Guise Test (MGT)
36,
45,
143–145
;
see also Verbal Guise Test
- mesolect
20–22, 27, 42–43, 59, 206–207, 211
- Media Technology Institute (MTI)
196–197
- MockYen, Alma
27,
29–30, 54–55, 101
-
mouth
72,
86,
98,
104,
117,
162,
202
- Mühleisen, Susanne
25,
43,
48–49, 216
N
- newspaper
7,
22–24, 26–27, 207
- Newstalk93FM
54–55, 88, 101, 105, 108–109, 153, 193
- Niedzielski, Nancy
36,
148
O
- on-air prestige
184–186, 198, 215, 217, 222
- overt prestige
20,
42,
211–212
;
see also covert prestige
P
- Patrick, Peter
20–21, 58–59, 64, 72, 119, 148, 207
- performance
2,
4,
8–10, 13, 16, 39, 72, 107, 171–172, 207–208, 211
- pluricentricity
101,
218,
220–221, 225
- Portland
127–128, 151, 153
- postcolonial English
1,
24,
32,
47
R
- Rastafari
28–29, 54, 55, 108, 136, 195, 207
- reasoning
136–139, 141, 207, 229
- Referee Design
8,
61,
210
- reggae
15,
24,
28,
54–55, 195, 227
- reliability of codings
59,
74,
109,
111
- reliability (evaluative dimension)
176–180, 204, 213, 217
- rhoticity
22,
57–59, 67, 71, 74, 76, 109–111, 155, 162, 202–203
;
see also semi-rhotic
- Rickford, John
42–43, 49, 217
-
rjr
28,
31,
54,
88,
99–101, 106–107, 194–196
- Rosenfelder, Ingrid
22,
59,
61,
67,
69–71, 78, 95, 202, 220
- Received Pronunciation (RP)
- attitudes toward
15,
40–41, 197
- use of
15,
17, 28, 53, 57,
69, 71, 86, 102,
203, 226
;
see also British English and the
Queen’s English
S
- Sand, Andrea
22,
26–27, 29–31, 46, 95, 150, 207, 218–219
- Schneider, Edgar
1,
17,
22,
24–26, 44–45, 222–224
- Shields-Brodber, Kathryn
23–24, 27–29, 31, 107, 207–208, 221–222
- semi-rhotic
67,
76,
78,
111,
154,
161,
202
;
see also rhoticity
- social desirability bias
147,
152,
194
;
see also acquiescence bias
- sociolinguistic change
23,
26,
30–31, 221–224, 226–227
- sociolinguistic competence
208,
223
- Soukup, Barbara
13–14, 17
- Speaky-Spoky
64,
67,
70–72, 148, 171–172
- speech rate
123,
125,
132–133, 137, 156, 179
- Spitulnik, Debra
8,
10,
12,
17
- Standard American English (StAmE)
39,
71–72, 102–104, 203
- standard language ideology
13,
23,
38,
40,
218,
225–226
;
see also destandardization and
demotization
-
strut
57,
60,
69,
71,
79,
84,
113,
116–117, 155, 162, 202–203
- style-shifting
27,
63,
121,
131,
135,
205–207, 209
;
see also code-switching
- stylization
10,
12,
16,
39,
62–63
T
- the Queen’s English
40,
45,
191,
219
;
see also British English and Received
Pronunciation
- three-way norm competition
25,
30–31, 76, 202
-
TH-stopping
57–59, 66, 71, 74–76, 110–112, 154–155, 197, 202
-
trap
57,
60,
69–71, 79, 82–83, 113, 115–116, 155, 162, 202–203
- Trinidad
22,
30,
43,
45–46, 201, 216, 219
- twanging
145,
171–176, 192, 199, 213, 224
U
- University of the West Indies (UWI)
29–30, 55, 150–152, 197
V
- Verbal Guise Test (VGT)
14–16, 36, 144
;
see also Matched Guise Test
- vernacular
2,
7–9, 26, 37, 40
- vernacularization
9,
12,
225
W
- Wells, John
57,
60,
78,
93
- Winford, Donald
20–21, 23, 42–43
- word-final (-t,-d) consonant clusters
57–59, 67–68, 71, 74, 76, 110–112, 155, 162, 202
- word-final –tion
72,
86,
104,
155,
162,
202