Table of contents
Abbreviations
IX
List of tables
XI
List of figures
XIII
Acknowledgements
XV
Chapter 1.Introduction to studying language on Jamaican radio: An integrated approach
1
Chapter 2.Language in the media
7
2.1The mass media and sociolinguistics
7
2.2The role(s) of mass media in the speech community
10
2.3Approaches to media discourse
12
2.4Studies on newscasts and talk radio
14
2.5Findings, controversies, and gaps I: Language in the media
16
Chapter 3.Jamaican sociolinguistics
19
3.1Linguistic complexity in Jamaica
19
3.2Shifting focus: From the basilect to the acrolect
21
3.3Functional distribution and sociolinguistic changes
23
3.4The media as a prime domain of sociolinguistic change
26
3.5Findings, controversies, and gaps II: Jamaican sociolinguistics
30
3.6Aims and research questions I: Language use
32
Chapter 4.Language attitudes
35
4.1Defining the multidimensionality of language attitudes
35
4.2From language attitudes to language ideologies
37
4.3Language attitude research on World Englishes
40
4.4Creole and English: Paradoxical ideologies and attitudes
42
4.5Attitudes toward Standard Englishes in the anglophone Caribbean
45
4.6Findings, controversies, and gaps III: Language attitudes
47
4.7Aims and research questions II: Language attitudes
50
Chapter 5.Data and methods I: Language use
53
5.1Collection, selection, and processing of radio data
53
5.2Quantitative analysis
57
5.3Qualitative analysis
62
5.4Variables
65
5.4.1Set A: Consonants
66
5.4.2Set B: Diphthongs
68
5.4.3Set C: Monophthongs
69
5.4.4Additional accent features
72
Chapter 6.Language use in Jamaican radio newscasts
73
6.1Accent variability among Jamaican newscasters
73
6.1.1Variable Set A – newscasts: Consonants
73
6.1.2Variable Set B – newscasts: Diphthongs
78
6.1.3Variable Set C – newscasts: Monophthongs
82
6.1.4Additional accent features – newscasts
86
6.2Linguistic variation along segments of Jamaican newscasts
87
6.2.1Jingles
87
6.2.2Greeting and sign-off sequences
89
6.2.3Newsreading
92
6.2.4Interviews
95
6.2.5Reports
98
6.2.6Imported news segments
101
6.3Summary: Language use in Jamaican newscasts
104
Chapter 7.Language use in Jamaican radio talk shows
105
7.1The four talk shows and their hosts
105
7.2Variability among the talk show hosts’ baseline styles
109
7.2.1Variable Set A – talk shows: Consonants
109
7.2.2Variable Set B – talk shows: Diphthongs
112
7.2.3Variable Set C – talk shows: Monophthongs
115
7.2.4Additional accent features – talk shows
117
7.2.5Morpho-syntactic and lexical variation in the baseline styles
118
7.3Stylistic variation
121
7.3.1Jamaica Speaks with Densil Williams
121
7.3.2Hotline with Orville Taylor
125
7.3.3Hotline with Barbara Gloudon
130
7.3.4Straight Up with Jerry Small
136
7.4Summary of language use in Jamaican radio talk shows
141
Chapter 8.Data and methods II: Language attitudes
143
8.1Variety rating study
143
8.2Direct questioning
147
8.3Folk-linguistic approach
148
8.4Fieldwork and informants
150
8.5Vocal stimuli
153
Chapter 9.Attitudes toward linguistic variation on Jamaican radio
167
9.1Results of direct questioning
167
9.2Results of variety rating study I – newscasts
172
9.3Results of variety rating study II – talk shows
181
9.4Results of folk-linguistic interviews
187
9.5Linguistic norms of production
194
9.6Summary of attitudes toward linguistic variation on Jamaican radio
198
Chapter 10.Discussion and conclusion
201
10.1Language use in Jamaican radio newscasts
201
10.1.1Standard Englishes in newscasts
201
10.1.2Sociolinguistic constraints on language use in newscasts
203
10.1.3Roles, functions, and social meanings of Standard Englishes and Jamaican Creole in newscasts
204
10.2Language use in Jamaican radio talk shows
205
10.2.1Inter- and intraspeaker variation between English and Creole in talk shows
205
10.2.2Sociolinguistic constraints on language use in talk shows
209
10.2.3Roles, functions, and social meanings of English and Creole in talk shows
211
10.3Attitudes toward linguistic variation on Jamaican radio
213
10.3.1Attitudes toward linguistic variation in Jamaican radio newscasts
213
10.3.2Attitudes toward linguistic variation in Jamaican talk radio
214
10.3.3Multidimensionality of language attitudes
216
10.4The notion of Standard English on Jamaican radio
218
10.5Sociolinguistic changes and endonormativity on Jamaican radio
221
10.6Destandardization and demotization on Jamaican radio
225
10.7The integrated approach to mass media revisited
227
References
231
Appendix ILanguage use data overview
243
Appendix IIExcerpts overview
245
Appendix IIIFormulae
249
Appendix IVJamaican Radio Survey – rating schemes and direct questions
251
Index
254
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