Table 1.Population numbers in Bermuda, from the colony’s establishment to the
beginning of the 18th century
46
Table 2.Bermuda’s age structure
63
Table 3.Number of speakers according to age group and gender
80
Table 4.Number of speakers according to age group, gender and ethnicity
81
Table 5.Number of speakers according to gender and education level
83
Table 6.Number of speakers according to mobility group and gender
87
Table 7.Overview of varieties
108
Table 8.Varieties with most shared features, as rated in the
eWave
114
Table 9.Varieties with most shared features, as rated in the
eWave: collapsed feature groups
116
Table 10.Varieties with most shared features (adapted from Baker and Huber 2001 and the
eWave), as rated in the eWave
118
Table 11.Varieties with most shared features (adapted from Baker and Huber 2001 and the
eWave), as rated in the eWave: collapsed
feature groups
119
Table 12.“Atlantic” creole features (Baker and
Huber 2001), as rated in the eWave
120
Table 13.“Atlantic” creole features (Baker and
Huber 2001), as rated in the eWave: collapsed
feature groups
121
Table 14.“World-wide” creole features (Baker
and Huber 2001), as rated in the eWave
123
Table 15.“World-wide” creole features (Baker
and Huber 2001), as rated in the eWave:
collapsed feature groups
124
Table 16.Overview of conditioning effects on English CCR
133
Table 17.Global reduction rates in different varieties of English
135
Table 18.Summary of the first mixed-effects logistic regression model for CCR in
BerE
147
Table 19.Summary of the second mixed-effects logistic regression model for CCR in
BerE, with collapsed factor levels consonants and glides
149
Table 20.Significant predictors of CCR and their constraint hierarchies
150
Table 21.Summary of the second mixed-effects logistic regression model for CCR in
BerE, with only social factor groups included and collapsed factor
levels
153
Table 22.Summary of the first mixed-effects logistic regression model for past
be leveling in BerE, with collapsed factor levels for
all factors except gender and polarity
169
Table 23.Intermediary summary of significant predictors of past
be leveling in BerE and their constraint
hierarchies
170
Table 24.Summary of the second mixed effects logistic regression model for past be leveling in BerE, with
collapsed factor levels for all factors except gender
171
Table 25.Significant predictors of past be leveling and their
constraint hierarchies
172
Table 26.Summary of Model 2.2 for past be leveling in BerE, with
only the social factor groups included and collapsed factor levels for all
factors except gender
172
Table 27.Comparison of leveling to was across varieties, given in
percentages
176
Table A1.List of informants
203
Table A2.Subsample of speakers, for whom more than 40 CCR tokens were
extracted
206
Table A3.Subsample of speakers, for whom more than 10 tokens of past
be were extracted
208
Table A4.
eWave feature ratings for Bermudian English
209
Table A5.Number of shared features per variety as rated in the
eWave
216
Table A6.Number of shared features per variety as rated in the
eWave: collapsed feature groups A and B
217
Table A7.Number of shared features per variety as rated in the
eWave
218
Table A8.Number of shared features per variety as rated in the
eWave: collapsed feature groups A and B
219
Table CCR 1.1Summary of the first mixed-effects logistic regression model for CCR in
BerE, with collapsed factor levels sibilants and non-sibilant
fricatives
220
Table CCR 1.2Summary of the first mixed-effects logistic regression model for CCR in
BerE, with collapsed factor levels nasals and liquids
221
Table CCR 2.1Summary of the second mixed-effects logistic regression model for CCR in
BerE
222
Table CCR 3.1Summary of the first mixed-effects logistic regression model for CCR in
BerE, with only social factor groups included and collapsed factor levels
223
Table be leveling 1.1Summary of the first mixed-effects logistic regression model for past
be leveling in BerE
224
Table be leveling 2.1Summary of the second mixed-effects logistic regression model for past
be leveling in BerE, with collapsed factor levels for
all factors except gender, ethnicity and proximity of subject and
verb
225