Index

• A

• African American English 1–3, 6–8, 65–84, 176

• agentivity 132–137, 142
  • agentive 132, 134–140, 143
  • non-agentive 134–140

• Americanism 2, 9, 89–90, 99–114, 184, 188–190, 206, 209

• America’s Historical Newspapers (AHN) 10, 157–160, 162, 164

• analogy 98–99, 111–112

• Appalachian English 6

• ARCHER (A Representative Corpus of Historical English Registers) 11, 92

• B

• Bank of Canadian English 11, 210–211

• BATH-vowel 159–160, 167–168, 174–175

• C

• Canadianism 2, 11, 205, 207–211, 214–223, 227 ; see also Non-Canadianism;DCHP-1 and DCHP-2

• CED (Corpus of English Dialogues 1560–1760) 37–38, 48–49, 51, 53–59, 61

• characterological figure 153, 166, 168–169, 171–173, 175–178

• Choice Principle 9, 123, 130, 132, 134, 141–143

• CNG (Collection of Nineteenth-Century Grammars) 101–103, 107, 109–110, 113, 121–122

• COAAL (Corpus of Older African American English) 8

• COHA (Corpus of Historical American English) 8–9, 92–97, 103, 107, 109, 118–120, 123–130, 140, 189–190

• colonial lag 9, 89, 91

• come, came 12, 81, 231, 236–241, 255

• complementation 9, 68–69, 73–78, 80–83, 123, 127, 129–130, 141, 143

• Complexity Principle 141–142

• complexity science 4, 21–22, 25, 27, 31–32, 34–35

• compound formations 207, 217, 223–224

• conservative
  • feature, form, variant 12, 90, 105–107, 113, 231, 241, 255
  • variety 90, 114, 254

• conservativism 92, 109

• coordination 37–39, 49–50, 60–61
  • exchange coordination 50, 60–61

• correspondence 6, 8, 193 ; see also letter

• D

• dawnce 160, 162–164, 167–168, 172–173

• DCHP-1 (Dictionary of Canadianisms on Historical Principles 1) 2, 207–208, 210–211, 213–214, 217, 220–224, 226–227

• DCHP-2 (Dictionary of Canadianisms on Historical Principles 2) 2, 11, 207, 210–213, 215–227

• deah 160, 162–164, 167–169, 171–173, 176

• Didactic Works (text type) 38–39, 53–57

• discursive variety 149–150, 153–154, 178

• dissociation (from British English) 9, 90, 101, 104, 113–114

• dived 94, 107–109, 119, 122

• Doctrine of First Effective Settlement 22, 27, 30, 35

• dove 94–95, 100, 105, 107–109, 111, 113–114, 119, 122

• dude 12, 236, 249–251

• dude (characterological figure) 168–178

• Dynamic Model 2–3, 21–22, 25–26, 35, 149, 151, 177

• E

• Early Modern English 38, 43, 49–50, 112

• eloquence 187, 193–194, 197

• enregisterment 1–2, 10, 100, 106–107, 149–156, 159–161, 173–179

• eWAVE (The Electronic World Atlas of Varieties of English) 67, 83 ; see also WAVE

• examination 4–5, 40–48, 50, 52–57, 59–61

• ex-slave narratives 7, 65, 67

• Extraction (Principle) 9, 130–132, 134–143

• F

• fellah 160, 162–164, 167–169, 171–173, 176

• fellow 12, 236, 249–251

• fiction 2, 9, 38–39, 48, 53–59, 66, 126–130, 134–135, 137–139, 141–143, 177, 189

• Founder Principle 2, 21–22, 27, 30–31, 35

• G

• genre 8–9, 13, 37–40, 43, 54–55, 96, 126–127, 129, 166, 190

• gerundial pattern, complement 123, 125, 128, 130, 132, 142–143

• get 90–91, 93, 102–106, 118

• gotten 9, 80, 89–95, 97, 100, 102–107, 109, 113–114, 118, 121

• grammar writing 101

• Great Complement Shift 125

• guy 249–255

• H

• /h/ -dropping/insertion 159, 163, 165–167, 173–175, 177

• Helsinki Corpus 37–38, 48–49, 51, 53–61

• hinglish 159, 162–167, 172–173

• I

• ideology 10, 91, 152–154, 165, 167–168, 180–186, 195–197

• indexicality 150, 153, 160
  • indexical order 152–153

• infinitive 9, 49, 80–82, 123–133, 135–137, 141–143

• Inner Circle varieties 206, 216

• innovation 1–2, 9, 12, 29, 90, 94–95, 114, 116, 216, 223, 232, 234–235, 255

• isogloss 25, 33

• L

• LAMSAS (Linguistic Atlas of the Middle and South Atlantic States) 21–24, 27, 31–33, 237

• LANE, see Linguistic Atlas of New England

• letter 6–8, 38, 40, 61, 105, 159, 165, 193 ; see also correspondence

• lexicography, lexicographic tradition, methods etc. 11, 12, 195, 205–206, 208–210, 214, 216, 217

• lexicology 210

• linguistic
  • form 10, 149–150, 152–157, 161, 163, 165–173, 174–179, 183
  • ideologies 152–154
  • variation 4, 12, 22, 41, 70, 210, 231–232, 254

• Linguistic Atlas of New England 4, 237

• literary dialect 65–67, 69, 83–84, 89, 159

• little 12, 236, 241–249

• M

• magazines 9, 126, 128, 130, 135, 137 139–142, 154, 184, 189

• metadiscourse 158, 160
  • public 161–162

• metalinguistic
  • awareness 101
  • comment 101
  • discourse 101, 106, 113

• metapragmatic
  • commentary 166
  • discourse 155
  • stereotypes 153

• morphological 2, 9, 89, 91, 100–102, 106, 113, 255

• morphology 3, 5, 185, 238
  • verb morphology 68–69, 73–75, 77–83

• morpho-syntax (also morphosyntax), morpho-syntactic (also morphosyntactic) 101, 113, 237
  • African American 76, 80, 83–84
  • non-standard morpho-syntax, morpho-syntactic features 8, 65, 67–68, 71–72, 83
    • myth 91–92, 98–100, 102, 106, 109, 114, 184
  • regularity myths 98
  • myth builders 100, 106

• N

• New England 4–6, 27–28, 32–33, 39, 41, 55, 61, 110, 177

• newspapers 9–10, 37–38, 94, 105–106, 126, 130, 134–135, 137, 139–142, 149–150, 155–158, 160–163, 166, 169, 173, 175–179, 184, 189

• Nietz Collection of Nineteenth-Century Schoolbooks 185, 190–191, 195

• Nineteenth-Century U.S. Newspapers (NCNP) 149–150, 155, 157–158, 162

• Non-Canadianism 214, 216–219 ; see also Canadianism;DCHP-1 and DCHP-2

• non-fiction 9, 126–130, 134–135, 137–139, 141–142 ; ; see also fiction

• non-rhoticity 167–169, 174–176

• NP complement 141–142

• O

• Old English 242, 248

• Ontario 11, 12, 116, 226, 231–237, 241–242, 244, 248–250, 254–256

• Ontario Dialects Archive 238, 242

• Ontario Dialects Project 232, 234–236, 238, 254

• orders of indexicality 150

• Ottawa Repository of Early African American Correspondence (OREACC) 8

• P

• pants 159–160, 174–176

• past tense form 78–79, 94–97, 106

• perception 21, 25–26, 95, 98, 149, 151–152, 155, 174, 179, 184, 233, 249, 251

• plays 8, 65, 67, 69–74, 76–85

• pled / pleaded 89, 94–95, 100, 105, 108–114, 119, 121–122

• postcolonial 25–26, 149, 151, 205, 207–208
  • Englishes 25, 151, 181, 205, 207–208
  • variety 25–26, 149

• prescriptivism 103, 105
  • prescription 183, 197
  • prescriptive grammar 112–113

• preterit(e) 98–99, 106, 111, 237–242

• progressive (be + V-ing) 78, 80

• progressive (innovative) 2, 89–90, 94, 105, 113

• pronunciation respelling; see respelling

• Q

• quarter 22–23

• Quebec English 11, 226

• R

• real-time 11, 205, 223

• regionalism 205, 215, 217, 219, 225, 227

• register 4, 11, 92, 100, 150, 152–155, 174–175, 178, 184, 188
  • register shibboleth 154–155, 174

• regularization 78, 89–90, 95–100

• relativization 68–69, 73, 75, 78, 80–82, 131

• respelling 159–160

• retention (historical) 2, 5, 9, 12, 89–92, 94, 97, 105, 114

• S

• Salem witchcraft trials 2, 4, 6, 37–42

• Science (text type) 37–38, 49, 51, 53–60

• Scots 4, 30, 184, 189, 245, 249, 251, 254

• Scottish 106, 184–186, 190, 194,

• semantic
  • change 215, 217–218, 220, 248
  • domain 207, 217, 220, 222, 227

• semiotic register 152

• sentential complement 123–124, 127–-128, 131–132, 139, 141–143

• settlement 2, 4–5, 10–11, 22, 26–35, 61, 221, 225, 233, 254

• settler 4, 6, 8, 10, 25, 27–32, 39, 177, 245

• small 236, 241–249

• social
  • evaluation 152, 178
  • factors 150–151, 178, 243, 246, 250, 252,
  • personae 161, 163, 165, 171–173, 175
  • values 150, 156, 161, 163, 165, 167, 173, 179

• Southern Plantation Overseers Corpus (SPOC) 7–8

• speech-based 37, 46, 61

• speech-related 4–6, 37–40, 42, 47–48, 50, 52–54, 56–57, 59, 61

• structural
  • nativization 25, 151
  • variety 149–150, 153–154, 178

• T

• text category 4–5, 9, 37–38, 40–42, 46–48, 50–54, 56–61

• text type 37–38, 48, 54–55, 58–59, 61, 123, 128–130, 134–135, 137, 141–143, 156

• to infinitive 9–10, 123–125, 128–136, 141–143

• to -ing complements 9, 128–143

• Trial (text type) 2, 4–7, 37–45, 48, 50, 53–59, 61–63

• trousers 159–160, 174, 176

• twousers 160, 162–164, 167, 172–173, 175

• V

• vulgarism 190–191, 195

• W

• Webster 10, 98–99, 103, 156, 160, 184, 188, 192, 195

• World Atlas of Variation in English (WAVE) 8, 65, 67–69, 71, 76–77, 83 ; see also eWAVE