Article published in:
Written Language & Literacy
Vol. 18:1 (2015) ► pp. 1–24

Producing written noun phrases in French

This research compares the time-course of the written production of bare nouns to that of noun phrases. French adults named pictures of objects either using or not using determiners. Resulting pauses and writing rates were analyzed in relation to word-orthographic frequency, syllabic length, and phoneme-to-grapheme consistency at the end of words. More specifically, we showed that the noun production process begins as soon the determiner production is initiated (word frequency effect on latencies, length and consistency effects on determiner writing rate) and continued during the course of the noun production. When the determiner was absent, the management of writing was different: the writer slowed the production speed, probably in order to realize the lexeme processing that s/he could not do in the absence of the determiner production time. These results provided further evidence that some form of parallel processing occurs in written word production and led us to sketch the time-course of the noun spelling in written denomination of a noun phrase.
Keywords: parallel processing, consistency effect, length effect, written production, writing-rate, pause, noun phrase, frequency effect
Published online: 12 February 2015
https://doi.org/10.1075/wll.18.1.01mag
References
Accardo, Agostino P., Mariangela Genna & Michela Borean
(2013) Development, maturation and learning influence on handwriting kinematics. Human Movement Science 321: 136–146. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Alamargot, Denis, David Chesnet, Christophe Dansac & Christine Ros
(2006) Eye and pen: A new device to study reading during writing. Behavior Research Methods 381: 287–299. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Alamargot, Denis, Christophe Dansac, David Chesnet & Michel Fayol
(2007) Parallel processing before and after pauses: A combined analysis of graphomotor and eye movements during procedural text production. In Mark Torrance, Luuk van Waes & David Galbraith (eds.), Writing and cognition: Research and applications, 13–29. Amsterdam: Elsevier. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Alario, François-Xavier & Alfonso Caramazza
(2002) The production of determiners: Evidence from French. Cognition 821: 179–223. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Alario, François-Xavier & Ludovic Ferrand
(1999) A set of 400 pictures standardized for French: Norms for name agreement, image agreement, familiarity visual complexity, image variability, and age of acquisition. Behavior Research Methods Instruments & Computers 311: 531–552. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Bock, Kathryn
(1996) Language production: Methods and methodologies. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review 31: 395–421. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Bonin, Patrick & Michel Fayol
(2000) Writing words from pictures: What representations are activated and when? Memory & Cognition 281: 677–689. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2002) Frequency effects in the written and spoken production of homophonic picture names. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology 141: 289–313. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Bonin, Patrick, Michel Fayol & Jean-Emile Gombert
(1997) The role of phonological and orthographic codes in picture naming and writing. Current Psychology of Cognition 161: 299–324.Google Scholar
(1998) An experimental study of lexical access in the writing and naming of isolated words. International Journal of Psychology 331: 269–286. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Bonin, Patrick, Nathalie Malardier, Alain Méot & Michel Fayol
(2006) The scope of advance planning in written picture naming. Language and Cognitive Processes 211: 205–237. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Bonin, Patrick & Alain Méot
(2002) Writing to dictation in real time in adults: What are the determinants of written latencies? In Serge P. Shohov (ed.), Advances in psychology research, 139–165. New York: Nova Science Publishers.Google Scholar
Bonin, Patrick, Ronald Peereman & Michel Fayol
(2001) Do phonological codes constraint the selection of orthographic codes in written picture naming? Journal of Memory and Language 451: 688–720. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Bonin, Patrick, Ronald Peereman, Nathalie Malardier, Alain Méot & Marylène Chalard
(2003) A new set of 299 pictures for psycholinguistic studies: French norms for name agreement, image agreement, conceptual familiarity, visual complexity, image variability, age of acquisition, and naming latencies. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments & Computers 351: 158–167. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Caramazza, Alfonso
(1997) How many levels of processing are there in lexical access? Cognitive Neuropsychology 141: 177–208. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Chanquoy, Lucile, Jean-Noël Foulin & Michel Fayol
(1990) The temporal management of short text writing by children and adults. European Bulletin of Cognitive Psychology 101: 513–540.Google Scholar
Cheng-Lai, Alice, Cecilia W.P. Li-Tsang, Alan H.L. Chan & Amy G.W. Lo
(2013) Writing to dictation and handwriting performance among Chinese children with dyslexia: Relationship with orthographic knowledge and perceptual-motor skills. Research in Developmental Disabilities 341: 3372–3383. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Chesnet, David & Denis Alamargot
(2005) Analyse en temps réel des activités oculaires graphomotrices du scripteur. Intérêt du dispositif Eye and pen. L’Année Psychologique 1051: 477–520. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Delattre, Marie, Patrick Bonin & Christopher Barry
(2006) Written spelling to dictation: Sound-to-spelling regularity affects both writing latencies and durations. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 321: 1330–1340. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Dell, Gary S
(1986) A spreading-activation theory of retrieval in sentence production. Psychological Review 931: 283–321. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Ellis, Andrew W
(1982) Spelling and writing (and reading and speaking). In Andrew W. Ellis (ed.), Normality and pathology in cognitive functions, 113–143. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Fayol, Michel & Isabelle Stephant
(1991, august). Assessing cognitive load in writing. Paper presented at the Fourth Conference of the European Association for Research on Learning and Instruction. Turku, Finland.
Fayol, Michel & Bernard Lété
(2012) Contributions of online studies to understanding translation from ideas to written text. In Michel Fayol, Denis Alamargot & Virginia Berninger (ed.), Translation of thoughts to written text while composing: Advancing theory, knowledge, methods, and applications, 289–313. New York: Psychology Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Ferrier, Jonathan, Joanna Horne & Chris Singleton
(2013) Factors affecting the speed of free writing. Journal of research in Special Educational Needs 131: 66–78. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Foucart, Alice, Holly Branigan & Ellen Bard
(2010) Determiner congruency effect in Romance languages: Evidence from French. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 361: 1414–1421. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Garrett, Merrill F
(1980) Levels of processing in sentence production. In Brian Butterworth (ed.), Language production, vol. 11, 177–210. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Griffin, Zenzi M
(2003) A reversed length effect in coordinating the preparation and articulation of words in speaking. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 101: 603–609. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Jasper, Isabelle, Andreas Häuβler, Barbara Baur, Christian Marquardt & Joachim Hermsdörfer
(2009) Circadian variations in the kinematics of handwriting and grip strength. Chronobiology International 261: 576–594. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Jescheniak, Jörg D. & Herbert Schriefers
(2001) Priming effects from phonologically related distractors in picture-word interference. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 54A1: 371–382. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Kandel, Sonia, Carlos J. Àlvarez & Nathalie Vallée
(2006) Syllables as processing units in handwriting production. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 321: 18–31. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Kandel, Sonia, Lucie Herault, Géraldine Grosjacques, Eric Lambert & Michel Fayol
(2009) Orthographic vs. phonologic syllables in handwriting production. Cognition 1101: 440–444. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Kandel, Sonia, Ronald Peereman, Géraldine Grosjacques & Michel Fayol
(2011) For a psycholinguistic model of handwriting production: Testing the syllable-bigram controversy. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human, Perception and Performance 371: 1310–1322. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Kay, Janice & Andrew Ellis
(1987) A cognitive neuropsychological case study of anomia. Brain 1101: 613–629. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Kempen, Gerard & Pieter Huijbers
(1983) The lexicalization process in sentence production and naming: Indirect election of words. Cognition 141: 185–209. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Lambert, Eric, Denis Alamargot, Denis Larocque & Gilles Caporossi
(2011) Dynamics of spelling process during a copy task. Effect of frequency and regularity. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology 651: 141–150. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Lété, Bernard, Ronald Peereman & Michel Fayol
(2008) Phoneme-to-grapheme consistency and word-frequency effects on spelling among first-to-fifth-grade French children: A regression-based study. Journal of Memory and Language 581: 952–977. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Lété, Bernard, Liliane Sprenger-Charolles & Pascale Colé
(2004) Manulex: A grade-level lexical database from French elementary-school readers. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments & Computers 361: 156–166. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Levelt, Willem J.M
(1989) Speaking: from intention to articulation. Cambridge, (MA): MIT Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Levelt, Willem J.M., Ardi Roelofs & Antje S. Meyer
(1999) A theory of lexical access in speech production. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 221: 1–75. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Maggio, Séverine, Bernard Lété, Florence Chenu, Harriet Jisa & Michel Fayol
(2012) Tracking the mind during writing: immediacy, delayed, and anticipatory effects on pause and writing rate. Reading and Writing 251: 2131–2151. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Meyer, Antje S. & Kathryn Bock
(1992) The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon: Blocking or partial activation? Memory and Cognition 201: 715–726. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Meyer, Antje S. & Marcus F. Damian
(2007) Activation of distractor names in the picture-picture interference paradigm. Memory and Cognition 351: 494–503. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Miceli, Gabriele & Alfonso Caramazza
(1988) Dissociation of inflectional and derivational morphology. Brain and Language 351: 24–65. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Miozzo, Michele & Alfonso Caramazza
(1999) The selection of lexical-syntactic features in noun phrase production: Evidence from the picture-word interference paradigm. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory and Cognition 251: 907–922. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Peereman, Ronald, Bernard Lété & Liliane Sprenger-Charolles
(2007) Manulex-infra: Distributional characteristics of grapheme-phoneme mappings, infra-lexical and lexical units in child-directed written material. Behavior Research Methods 391: 593–603. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Perret, Cyril & Marina Laganaro
(2012) Comparison of electrophysiological correlates of writing and speaking: A topographic ERP analysis. Brain Topography 251: 64–72. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2013) Why are written picture naming latencies (not) longer than spoken naming? Reading and Writing 261: 225–239. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Pontart, Virginie, Christelle Bidet-Ildei, Eric Lambert, Pauline Morisset, Lisa Flouret & Denis Alamargot
(2013) Influence of handwriting skills during spelling in primary and lower secondary grades. Frontiers in Psychology 41: 818. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Roux, Sébastien & Patrick Bonin
(2011) Comment l’information circule d’un niveau de traitement à l’autre lors de l’accès lexical en production verbale de mots ? Eléments de synthèse. L’Année Psychologique 1111: 145–190. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Roux, Sébastien, Thomas McKeeff, Géraldine Grosjacques, Olivia Afonso & Sonia Kandel
(2013) The interaction between central and peripheral processes in handwriting production. Cognition 1271: 235–241. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Summer, Emma, Vincent Connelly & Anna Barnett
(2014) The influence of spelling ability on handwriting production: children with and without dyslexia. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition. Advance online publication. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Van der Plaats, Rudolf E. & Gerard P. Van Galen
(1990) Effects of spatial and motor demands in handwriting. Journal of Motor Behavior 221: 361–385. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Cited by

Cited by 4 other publications

Afonso, Olivia & Carlos J. Álvarez
2019. Constituent frequency effects in the written production of Spanish compound words. Memory & Cognition 47:7 ► pp. 1284 ff. Crossref logo
de Smet, Milou J. R., Mariëlle Leijten & Luuk Van Waes
2018. Exploring the Process of Reading During Writing Using Eye Tracking and Keystroke Logging. Written Communication 35:4 ► pp. 411 ff. Crossref logo
Domahs, Frank, Katharina Blessing, Christina Kauschke & Ulrike Domahs
2016. Bono Bo and Fla Mingo: Reflections of Speech Prosody in German Second Graders’ Writing to Dictation. Frontiers in Psychology 7 Crossref logo
Suárez-Coalla, Paz, Olivia Afonso, Cristina Martínez-García & Fernando Cuetos
2020. Dynamics of Sentence Handwriting in Dyslexia: The Impact of Frequency and Consistency. Frontiers in Psychology 11 Crossref logo

This list is based on CrossRef data as of 11 november 2021. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.