We review some of our research findings on verb spelling errors in Dutch. The spelling of Dutch regularly inflected verb forms is governed by rules of the simple concatenative type (stem + suffix). The spelling of a subset of these verb forms is determined by morpheme-based analogy, both at the level of the stem-final letter and at the level of the inaudible (i.e., silent) suffix. This subset of verb forms causes many spelling problems, both in the learning stage and in the spelling process of experienced spellers. Our research identifies two sources of these errors. First, the error risk results from the time-consuming nature of the cognitive operations needed for spelling the silent suffix. Second, the errors follow a particular pattern: the typical error is a homophonic verb spelling form which has a higher frequency of occurrence in the Dutch written language than the target form. This homophone frequency effect shows that regularly inflected verb forms with silent suffixes have their own orthographic representation in the mental lexicon, even though they are fully predictable by rule.
2024. The orthographic representation of a word’s morphological structure: beneficial and detrimental effect for spellers. Morphology 34:2 ► pp. 103 ff.
Søby, Katrine Falcon, Byurakn Ishkhanyan & Line Burholt Kristensen
2023. Not all grammar errors are equally noticed: error detection of naturally occurring errors and implications for eye-tracking models of everyday texts. Frontiers in Psychology 14
2022. Too Little Morphology Can Kill You: The Interplay Between Low-Frequency Morpho-Orthographic Rules and High-Frequency Verb Homophones in Spelling Errors. In Developing Language and Literacy [Literacy Studies, 23], ► pp. 191 ff.
Chamalaun, Robert J. P. M., Anna M. T. Bosman & Mirjam T. C. Ernestus
2014. Phonological and orthographic cues enhance the processing of inflectional morphology. ERP evidence from L1 and L2 French. Frontiers in Psychology 5
DEACON, S. HÉLÈNE & DILYS LEUNG
2013. Testing the statistical learning of spelling patterns by manipulating semantic and orthographic frequency. Applied Psycholinguistics 34:6 ► pp. 1093 ff.
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