Subject index
A
- accommodation
279, 307, 311, 357, 366
- ad hoc interpreters
247, 258–261, 267–268, 270–271
- adaptive systems
385, 387, 401
- adoption (child)
302–304, 311–313, 315–316
- agent-based modelling
381–383, 389, 391–392, 396, 398, 401
- approximation
300, 311, 313
- asylum seekers
162, 239, 254, 262–264, 267–268, 270, 418
- attitudes
15–16, 24, 30, 37, 77–78 111–112, 123–126, 141, 143, 178, 180–183, 185, 187–190, 199, 205–206, 208, 257–261, 264–265, 268, 271, 293, 303–304, 348, 375, 395, 400, 441–442, 475, 478, 480–481, 500, 513–514
- autochthonous
20, 72, 101, 130, 137, 140, 142, 144–145, 178, 201, 323, 350, 356, 365, 377, 409
- awareness
33, 112, 151, 163, 166–167, 173–174, 178, 188–191, 208, 210, 220, 229, 277, 300–301, 451, 542, 544
B
- Barcelona
129, 131–132, 137–140, 142–144
- Belgium
60, 112, 116, 119–120, 123, 125, 127, 200, 348, 409, 458, 461
- belonging (sense of)
9, 114–115, 151, 155, 157, 439, 441, 444, 475, 491, 493
- bilingualism
78–79, 116–117, 123, 132, 137, 141, 143, 178, 180, 224, 228, 304, 319, 321, 324, 335, 344, 398–399, 495, 509, 512–513, 515–517, 533
- Brussels
111–112, 116–127, 163, 302, 349–352
C
- capacity-building
195, 197–199, 202, 207, 209
- case law
47, 409, 451, 453, 456–459, 461–463
- Catalan
62–63, 131, 137–138, 140–143, 178, 186, 201, 207, 223–225, 237, 242–243, 245–247, 249–255
- Catalonia
59, 62–63, 131–132, 137, 140–142, 144, 240, 247, 252–254, 350–351
- Central and Eastern Europe
67, 100, 484
- Charter of Fundamental Rights
67, 90, 414, 452–454, 469
- citizens
9, 14, 18, 33–34, 56, 59, 61, 74, 95, 112, 114–118, 125–126, 129, 132–134, 136, 141, 164, 186, 188, 198, 237, 291, 331–332, 347, 350, 352, 361, 365–366, 371, 375, 377, 414–416, 418, 435, 438, 446, 453, 457, 475, 497
- citizenship
69, 102–103, 111, 114–115, 117–118, 120, 129–130, 132–136, 138, 144, 157, 198, 201, 244, 252, 366, 406–407, 414, 435, 439, 443, 492
- city, cities
27, 97, 112, 114, 115–117, 121–122, 127, 131–132, 140–142, 151–155, 157–166, 196, 387, 550
- classroom
124, 175, 188, 196, 198, 200, 202, 205–206, 208, 221, 229, 389, 480
- code-mixing
160, 182, 220, 225, 305–306, 311, 393, 512
- code-switching
159–160, 220, 225, 305–309, 311, 512
- cohesion
69, 115, 136, 143–144, 151–153, 155–158, 164–165, 168, 177, 186–187, 218, 229, 297, 313, 327, 356, 383, 407, 475–476, 489, 526
- CEFR, Common European Framework of Reference for Languages
56, 207, 226–227, 239, 285, 512, 519, 525
- communication
5, 7–9, 27, 30, 54, 57, 97, 99, 111, 114, 121, 130, 132–134, 139, 144–145, 156–157, 160, 163–164, 166, 174–175, 177, 182–183, 186, 191, 195, 198, 203, 205–206, 216–220, 223–225, 229–231, 239, 246–247, 258–259, 261, 263–268, 270–271, 276, 278, 288–289, 292–293, 297–299, 301, 303–308, 310–313, 323, 326, 331, 339, 346, 350, 352, 387, 393, 395–397, 399, 428, 436–437, 453, 475, 482, 484, 487, 490–491, 496–504, 511, 516, 526, 531–533, 541, 550–551
- community engagement
215–216
- community interpreting
257–258
- complex diversity
129–132, 134, 136, 144, 175–176, 178
- complexity
23–24, 26–27, 29–33, 38–39, 88, 113, 115, 117, 143, 166, 175–176, 187, 217, 219–220, 305, 371, 381–387, 391–393, 395–396, 399–401, 466–467
- computational models
382, 391
- consistency
30, 38–39, 465–467, 470
- constraint
10–12, 30–31, 33, 35, 39, 50, 167, 185, 362, 370, 393
- consumers; consumer law/legislation/protection
4, 7, 28, 451–453, 455–470, 483
- contractualism
362, 364, 370
- CRC, Convention on the Rights of the Child
409, 417, 420
- cooperation
45–46, 58–59, 64, 88, 93–94, 276, 313
- cosmopolitanism
152, 154, 230
- cost-effectiveness analysis
319, 321, 328, 336
- CJE, Court of Justice of the European Union
409–410, 415–416, 419, 451–453, 455–456, 458, 461–462, 468
- Creativity
31, 478, 482, 509–527
D
- deliberation
201, 320, 346, 350, 362, 365, 367–369, 375, 377
- distribution
35–36, 114, 139, 218, 372, 465
- Dutch
57, 74–77, 79, 116, 119–126, 159–160, 348–350, 352–353, 410, 458, 461
E
- economic operators
18, 451, 457
- efficiency
35, 56, 58–59, 187, 373
- English
28, 30, 36–37, 47–50, 52–57, 77–78, 119–123, 126, 130, 132, 139–140, 159–161, 163–164, 181, 187, 215–218, 220, 223–230, 237, 239–240, 242–243, 245–252, 254, 262–263, 268–270, 275, 277–280, 282, 286–293, 302, 308–311, 331, 351, 353–354, 368, 371, 374–376, 395, 410–411, 416, 418, 487, 495, 497–504, 531–541, 544–550
- English as a lingua franca
132, 230, 239, 247, 277–279, 292, 302, 487, 501–502, 532
- equal protection of the law
405, 410, 420–421
- Erasmus, Erasmus+
59, 181, 217, 223, 226, 242, 246–247, 275–280, 286–294
- ethics
480, 533, 535, 543–544, 546, 549, 551
- European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages
34, 70, 88, 408, 424
- European citizen
5, 10, 24–25, 27, 68, 118, 291, 446, 458
- European Convention on Human Rights, ECHR
91, 407–408, 410–411, 420–421
- European language policy
81, 291
- evaluation
6, 9, 25, 57, 79, 158, 180, 206, 208, 277, 286–287, 329, 401, 482, 484, 514, 518
- exit
57, 476, 487, 500–502
F
- foreign language learning
7, 30, 208, 276, 286
- foreign language speaking
299–300
- Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities
70, 88, 92, 408
- France
56, 60, 73–74, 76–79, 100, 200, 223, 263–264, 269, 282, 289, 302, 332, 353, 409, 461, 480, 482
- free movement
57, 117, 163, 366, 460–463, 465, 468–469, 475
- French
47–50, 55–56, 61–62, 74–77, 100, 116, 118–127, 151, 159–160, 178, 182–183, 186, 207, 225, 243, 247–249, 262–264, 268, 270, 275, 279, 282, 286, 288–289, 293, 301, 348–353, 376, 412, 452, 458, 474, 480, 482, 532
G
- geography
151, 156, 158, 433
- globalisation
8, 20, 29–30, 112–113, 117, 121, 151, 217, 220, 229, 531–532, 550
H
- Higher Education Language Policy, HELP
215, 216–218, 220–221, 227, 229–230
- humanistic geography
151, 166
I
- identification
4, 13, 27, 33, 37, 39, 101, 126, 140, 152–153, 155, 253, 435, 499, 503, 510
- identity
41, 74, 87, 89–91, 100, 104, 112, 114–116, 125, 129–131, 133–137, 140–145, 152–153, 156, 158–159, 167, 177, 184, 188, 190, 195, 198, 247, 276, 278–279, 303, 325, 347–350, 352, 361, 385, 409, 417, 420, 431, 436, 440, 460–461, 463, 474, 477–478, 489, 491, 503, 519–520
- immigrants
20, 27–28, 47, 50–53, 55–56, 61, 63, 70, 74–76, 78–79, 81, 92–93, 113, 117, 130, 132, 138, 140–141, 152, 163, 196, 237–238, 240, 243, 250, 252–255, 261–262, 313, 323, 347, 350, 356, 363, 365–366, 395, 488, 491–492, 495, 500, 504, 512–513, 524, 527
- immigrant languagessee migrant languages
- incoming students
223, 229, 280–281, 293
- informal education
185, 201
- insecurity
30, 112, 174, 430
; see also linguistic unease
- intercomprehension
220, 225, 227, 239, 247–248, 278, 297–303, 306–308, 310–313 501–502
; see also receptive multilingualism
- interdisciplinarity
3, 6, 13, 23–27
- internal market
455, 457, 459–461, 463–464, 468–469
- International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, ICCPR
91, 407–413
- International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
408–409
- international retirement migration
487–490, 502, 504
- interpreters, interpreting
6, 27, 29–30, 57, 165, 239, 243–247, 250, 254, 257–261, 263–271, 299–300, 408, 418, 420, 478, 480, 492, 497–499, 501, 526
- Ireland
203, 260, 282, 374–375, 409–410
J
- justificatory community
365, 370, 374–375, 377
K
- kin-state
80–81, 87–88, 90, 94, 97, 100–103
L
- language acquisition
18, 47, 53, 74–77, 79, 183–184, 284, 313, 323, 331, 474, 513
- language choice
116, 275, 279, 287, 288, 306–307, 310, 321, 339, 352, 366
- language diversity, linguistic diversity
4, 7–10, 13, 19–21, 29–32, 45–46, 48, 54, 56–57, 67, 72–73, 75, 81, 87–91, 96, 116, 120, 122, 124–126, 129–132, 136, 141, 143, 145, 151–152, 154, 157–158, 160–168, 173, 175, 191, 201, 205, 216–218, 220–221, 226–227, 229–230, 237–238, 254–255, 275, 277, 291, 293, 307, 343, 345–346, 353–354, 357, 361, 369, 398, 407, 451–454, 457, 459, 462–463, 469–470, 473, 490, 509–511
- language dynamics
254, 319–322, 324, 325, 330, 340, 400
- language ideology
159, 167–168
- language learning
7, 30, 57, 63, 70, 90, 92, 99, 115, 127, 162, 165, 178, 180, 185, 201, 205, 208, 225, 231, 239, 249, 254–255, 275–278, 284, 286–287, 290, 293, 297–298, 300, 303–304, 306, 312–313, 319, 323, 325–326, 372, 473, 475, 478–479, 481, 483–484, 504
- language politics
346, 351
- language regimes
48, 50, 81, 96, 175, 222, 254, 344–345, 348, 355, 357, 361–364, 366, 370, 372–377, 415–416, 468
- language rights
48, 67–69, 72, 75–76, 81, 87–89, 91–92, 96–98, 103, 134, 320, 344, 347–352, 363, 366–367, 374, 377, 422, 424, 506
- language skills
37, 61, 82, 100, 102, 121, 125, 139–141, 143, 153, 162–163, 166, 174, 180–181, 187, 189, 199, 207–208, 221, 226, 277–278, 282, 287, 293, 312–313, 319, 339, 376, 387, 399, 418, 525, 527, 533, 549
- language use
29, 34, 36, 73, 87–88, 97, 99, 103, 111–112, 119–122, 121, 126, 131, 136, 139, 159, 166, 189, 216, 220, 228, 276, 320, 325, 329, 332, 338, 465–466, 487–489, 504, 535, 545
- Latvia, Latvian
18, 28, 132, 137–144, 286, 293, 409, 427–429, 433–434, 436–445, 452
- law
20, 29, 47, 57, 87–88, 95–97, 99, 107, 136, 149, 162, 263, 281, 287, 290, 316, 340, 347–348, 352, 358–359, 394, 405–407, 409–412, 414–416, 418, 420–424, 434, 438, 443, 446, 451–459, 461–463, 466, 469–471
- lingua franca
7, 56–57, 132, 139, 180, 215–218, 220, 226, 230–231, 239–240, 244, 247, 249, 254, 262, 277–279, 289, 292–293, 299–300, 302, 311, 476, 487, 495, 500–504, 532, 544
- Lingua Receptiva
180, 297, 306, 311, 313
- Linguapass
45–46, 55, 61–64
- linguistic challenges
28, 487–490, 492–493, 496, 500
- linguistic coerciveness
343, 345, 352–354, 357
- linguistic diversitysee language diversity
- linguistic environment
25–26, 29–30, 33, 38, 175, 218, 270, 319, 324–326, 330, 332, 334, 361, 364, 366, 503, 533, 545, 547
- linguistic exclusion
237–240, 248, 254
- linguistic hospitality
257, 271
- linguistic justice
28, 177, 345, 347, 351–352, 354, 361–365, 367–371, 374–375
- linguistic minority, minorities
50, 56, 59, 72, 90, 133–134, 165, 325, 356
- linguistic monism
343, 345, 353–354
- linguistic pluralism
104, 350, 353, 354–355, 367
- linguistic repertoire
132–133, 136, 166, 173, 176, 178–179, 182–183, 187, 207, 215, 219–220, 223, 225, 227–230, 330, 339, 369
- linguistic strategies
487–490, 493, 500, 501–502, 504
- linguistic subsidiarity
45, 47, 55, 59, 62–63
- linguistic unease
173–177, 184–185, 187–191
; see also insecurity
- long-term migrants
239, 255, 257–258, 262–268, 270
M
- mediation
154, 220, 237, 239–240, 242, 248–249, 251–252, 254–255, 257–258, 265, 278, 297–301, 303, 305, 311–313
- medium-term migrants
259, 263, 265, 267–271
- member states
7, 9, 27–28, 51, 56–58, 60–62, 64, 67–68, 70, 72, 80, 88, 90–91, 94, 103, 111, 115, 118–120, 153, 163–164, 167, 195, 198, 207, 277, 357, 361–362, 366, 375, 377, 406, 409–410, 414–417, 419–420, 427, 444, 451–454, 457–460, 462, 464–468, 475
- metalinguistic awareness
173–174, 188–191, 220
- migrant languages
67–69, 71, 73, 75–77, 80–82, 130, 132, 323, 350, 421, 491
- migration
7, 9, 46, 51–55, 57, 66, 82, 87–88, 93–94, 102–103, 111, 113, 118, 120, 129, 137, 139, 151, 153, 161–164, 175, 178–179, 181, 183–185, 197, 238, 258–259, 262, 271, 298, 301, 313, 319, 322, 325–327, 331–338, 396, 405–406, 407, 414, 421–422, 431, 433, 483, 487–495, 502–504
- minority languages
7, 27–28, 30, 34, 35, 47–48, 50, 53, 56–57, 59, 67–73, 80–81, 87–93, 96–100, 102–104, 120, 124, 126, 133–134, 142, 198, 252–253, 319–327, 328–339, 350, 354, 363–365, 374, 377, 395, 399–400, 408, 413, 438, 445, 510
- mobility and inclusion
3, 5, 8–12, 19, 24, 26, 45, 47, 49–51, 55, 5–58, 62, 6–69, 80–81, 88, 94, 129–133, 144–145, 151–154, 164, 166–168, 191, 195–198, 215–218, 221–223, 227–230, 277, 299, 321, 343–345, 356, 362–363, 383, 405–406, 414, 451, 463, 465, 470, 484, 534
; see also trade-off model
- mother-tongue education
74–79, 405–406, 420–421
- motility
69–70, 74, 77–80, 82
- multi-level governance
56, 58, 60, 91, 161, 167
- multicultural experience
509, 517, 524–525, 527
- multiculturalism
28, 74–75, 82, 105, 152, 158, 227, 363
- multilingual competence
220, 222, 225, 227–228, 230
- multilingual education
5, 199, 202–203, 205–206, 209, 230
- multilingual federations45
- multilingual regions
87–88, 90, 189
- multilingualism
3–7, 9, 19–20, 28–30, 32, 59, 75, 79, 87, 89–90, 94–99, 104, 111–112, 115, 123–127, 129, 132, 140, 143–145, 151–152, 154–156, 173–176, 178, 182–183, 187–190, 205, 207, 210, 220–222, 224–225, 227, 239, 252, 275–277, 291, 293–294, 297, 303, 311, 344, 346, 355–356, 363, 367, 369, 376–377, 399, 427–432, 451–454, 457–458, 463, 466–470, 473, 475–478, 484, 487, 504, 509–513, 515–517, 519–527
- municipality
95, 97, 116, 124–126, 167, 198, 201, 344, 348, 494, 497, 499, 503
- mutual intelligibilitysee intercomprehension
N
- nation state
69, 71, 73, 113–114, 117, 129–130, 132, 134–135, 144, 159, 167, 175, 196–197, 429
- nation-building
101–102, 129, 134–135, 143–145, 320
- naturalisation
103, 118, 405–407, 414, 421
- neighbourhood
12, 115, 120–121, 124, 141, 151–153, 157, 160, 164, 182, 190, 196, 387, 391, 445
- Netherlands
37, 73–74, 76–77, 79, 116, 159, 169, 282, 301, 410, 414
- network
39, 47, 52, 70, 73, 100, 102, 111–115, 117, 127, 151, 154–156, 161, 163, 164–166, 180, 183, 201, 204, 210, 238, 253, 259, 279, 284, 382, 385, 390, 399, 437, 445, 495–497, 501, 503, 522, 537–539
- neutrality
367–368, 375, 377
- non-discrimination
405–407, 410, 412, 414, 418, 422, 452
- normative political theorysee political philosophy
O
- occupational prestige
258–260
- official language
7, 9, 27–29, 45, 47, 52, 54, 57, 62, 67–69, 72–73, 80–81, 92, 104, 115–116, 119–120, 123, 127, 133, 142, 163, 186, 223, 252, 254, 263, 320, 331, 347, 352, 370, 372, 375,-377, 395, 405–408, 410, 412, 415–422, 428, 452, 454, 458–459, 461, 464, 466–467, 490–491, 495, 532, 541, 544
- official recognition
366, 371, 374
- Online Linguistic Support (OLS)
275, 286, 291, 293
- outgoing students
280–281, 288
P
- parameter
174, 177, 181–182, 326–327, 329–331, 436, 523
- personality principle
67–71, 73, 80–82, 116, 344, 350, 354
- place
8–10, 14, 20,– 101, 113–114, 151–161 185, 277, 367 475, 483, 490–491
- place-making
151–152, 154–156, 158, 161, 168
- plausibility
23, 37–38, 515
- Poles, Polish
63, 73, 76–81, 118, 121, 140, 246, 264, 293, 376, 416–417, 438, 452, 535
- political legitimacy
367–368
- political philosophy
345–347, 351, 357, 362–364
- porosity (of multilingual spaces)159
- priority view
370–372, 374, 377
- professionals
185–186, 197, 199, 206, 209, 259–261, 457, 463, 465, 478, 490, 497, 535–538, 540, 549
- proficiency
51–53, 60–63, 69, 119–120, 127, 139, 141, 163, 166, 176, 207, 226, 258, 275–276, 278, 282, 284, 286, 289, 292, 302, 376–377, 396, 407, 410, 491, 512, 519–520
- proportionality
100, 388, 405–406, 411–413, 415, 420–421, 462–463, 467
- public justification
361–363
- public policy
13, 23, 29, 31, 54, 325, 412, 510
- public space
30, 121, 151, 153, 157, 160, 352
R
- reasonable rejectability
370–372, 374, 376
- receptive multilingualism
178, 183, 220, 225, 227, 297, 311
; see also intercomprehension
- reciprocity
45, 47, 50, 55–56, 58–59, 61, 63–64, 101
- representation
24, 30, 33, 98–99, 112, 131, 142, 151, 155–156, 158, 161, 201, 219, 229, 302, 311, 320, 369
- resilience
427, 429, 436–437, 441, 444–446
- resistance
114, 165, 203, 310, 444
- Riga
129, 131–132, 137–142, 144, 439
- right to education
420–421
- Roma, Romani
94–95, 262, 473–484
- Romania, Romanian
71–73, 80–81, 94–96, 101–102, 118, 239, 244, 247–248, 262, 376, 410, 414, 452, 474, 477–478, 482, 484
S
- scale
35, 39, 56, 58, 60, 114, 131, 151–156, 158–159, 167, 218, 284, 382, 384, 388–389, 395, 398, 413, 420–421, 468, 489, 495, 504, 525, 545
- school, schooling
5, 47, 49, 52, 54–55, 72, 75, 97–98, 115, 119–120, 124, 132–134, 141, 157, 164, 173–175, 177–178, 180, 182–191, 195–2206, 208–210, 242–243, 250, 253–255, 258, 263–266, 270, 276, 289, 305–306, 321, 326–327, 332, 337–339, 347, 351–354, 363, 410, 412–413, 420–421, 430–431, 434, 436–438, 476, 510, 550
- security
104, 113, 218, 226, 229, 407, 411, 414, 416, 419, 427–432, 434–436, 438–446, 452, 465, 497, 501
- segregation
114, 121, 124, 127, 153, 157, 254, 293, 350, 354, 390–391, 502
- short-term migrants
259, 262–263, 265–270
- simulation
208, 381–382, 385, 389, 390–392, 397, 401
- Slovak, Slovakia
71–73, 80–81, 94–97, 279, 414, 452
- Slovene, Slovenia, Slovenian
71, 239–240, 257–258, 262–270, 286, 410, 452
- social inclusion
46, 54, 57, 90–91, 97, 99–100, 111–112, 115–116, 140, 145, 157, 173–174, 187–188, 198–199, 207, 209, 237, 239, 277, 410, 418, 483
- social services
209, 238–239, 254, 258, 328, 405–406, 418–419, 422
- sociolinguistics
3–4, 8, 27, 34, 142, 176, 190, 218
- sociology of translators259
- sovereignty
101, 346, 414, 421, 427, 435, 443–444, 451, 457
- Spain, Spanish
19, 53, 56, 60, 121, 123, 132, 137–138, 140–143, 159, 178, 186, 200, 201, 207, 223, 225, 237, 242–255, 261–262, 264, 270, 275, 279, 282, 286, 288, 289, 293, 297, 304–306, 308–311, 319, 322–323, 331–333, 335, 337, 351, 376, 410, 452, 487–489, 490, 492–504
- student mobility
115, 228, 277
- Swede, Sweden, Swedish
28, 73–79, 178, 181, 261, 282, 302, 323, 348, 353, 414, 452, 488, 492–497, 500–503
T
- teacher
75, 79, 97, 115, 173–174, 176, 187–191, 195–200, 202–206, 209, 221, 223, 225, 227, 239, 249, 263–264, 270, 279, 289, 330, 410, 434, 438, 473, 475–478, 480, 483, 484, 503
- teacher education
195, 197–200, 202–205, 209
- terminology
34, 218, 225, 228, 231, 289, 364
- territoriality principle
67–70, 71, 73, 80–81, 92–93, 96, 116, 343–345, 347–349, 351, 352–357
- territory
11, 37, 47, 68–69, 71, 92–93, 96–97, 112, 121, 130, 133, 135, 154–156, 159, 161, 175, 186, 189, 217, 237, 248, 253, 259, 320–321, 331, 339, 343–344, 347–352, 355, 357, 363, 427, 409, 414, 443–445, 457, 550, 461, 468
- trade-off
3, 7, 9–16, 19, 26–27, 48–52, 55, 58, 67, 69, 73, 80–81, 88, 92, 129–132, 143–145, 151–152, 165–167, 195, 197, 215–218, 221, 230, 254, 299, 319, 321, 323, 328–329, 339, 383, 397, 527, 534
; see also mobility and inclusion
- translanguaging
220–221, 225
- translation
3–4, 6, 29–30, 52–53, 98, 115, 165–166, 200, 225–226, 230, 239, 246–249, 254, 257–260, 265, 267, 278, 281, 291, 299, 301, 364, 366, 372, 376, 419, 487, 491, 498, 500–503, 516, 526
- transnational, transnational spaces
67–69, 70, 73, 76–78, 80–82, 117, 129–131, 144, 151, 155–156, 164, 276, 303, 311–312, 480, 489
- treaty, treaties
28, 58, 67, 70, 72, 89–90, 92–93, 111, 408–409, 413–415, 417, 452–453, 458, 461, 469
- Turk, Turkey, Turkish
73, 76–81, 118, 121, 249, 262, 421, 512
U
- Urban Agenda for the European Union
161–162
- urban multilingualism
151–152, 154–155, 158, 160–162, 165–166
V
- Vojvodina
87–90, 94–97, 103
W
- world Englishessee English as a lingua franca