How to do Linguistics with R
Data exploration and statistical analysis
Editor
This book provides a linguist with a statistical toolkit for exploration and analysis of linguistic data. It employs R, a free software environment for statistical computing, which is increasingly popular among linguists. How to do Linguistics with R: Data exploration and statistical analysis is unique in its scope, as it covers a wide range of classical and cutting-edge statistical methods, including different flavours of regression analysis and ANOVA, random forests and conditional inference trees, as well as specific linguistic approaches, among which are Behavioural Profiles, Vector Space Models and various measures of association between words and constructions. The statistical topics are presented comprehensively, but without too much technical detail, and illustrated with linguistic case studies that answer non-trivial research questions. The book also demonstrates how to visualize linguistic data with the help of attractive informative graphs, including the popular ggplot2 system and Google visualization tools.
This book has a companion website: http://doi.org/10.1075/z.195.website
[Not in series, 195] 2015. xi, 443 pp.
Publishing status: Available
Published online on 10 November 2015
Published online on 10 November 2015
© John Benjamins
Table of Contents
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Acknowledgements | pp. xi–xii
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Introduction | pp. 1–6
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Chapter 1. What is statistics? Main statistical notions and principles | pp. 7–20
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Chapter 2. Introduction to R | pp. 21–40
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Chapter 3. Descriptive statistics for quantitative variables | pp. 41–68
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Chapter 4. How to explore qualitative variables: proportions and their visualizations | pp. 69–86
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Chapter 5. Comparing two groups: t-test and Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests for independent and dependent samples | pp. 87–114
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Chapter 6. Relationships between two quantitative variables: correlation analysis with elements of linear regression modelling | pp. 115–138
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Chapter 7. More on frequencies and reaction times: Linear regression | pp. 139–170
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Chapter 8. Finding differences between several groups: Sign language, linguistic relativity and ANOVA | pp. 171–198
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Chapter 9. Measuring associations between two categorical variables: Conceptual metaphors and tests of independence | pp. 199–222
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Chapter 10. Association measures: Collocations and collostructions | pp. 223–240
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Chapter 11. Geographic variation of quite: Distinctive collexeme analysis | pp. 241–252
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Chapter 12. Probabilistic multifactorial grammar and lexicology: Binomial logistic regression | pp. 253–276
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Chapter 13. Multinomial (polytomous) logistic regression models of three and more near synonyms | pp. 277–290
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Chapter 14. Conditional inference trees and random forests | pp. 291–300
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Chapter 15. Behavioural profiles, distance metrics and cluster analysis | pp. 301–322
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Chapter 16. Introduction to Semantic Vector Spaces: Cosine as a measure of semantic similarity | pp. 323–332
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Chapter 17. Language and space: Dialects, maps and Multidimensional Scaling | pp. 333–350
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Chapter 18. Multidimensional analysis of register variation: Principal Components Analysis and Factor Analysis | pp. 351–366
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Chapter 19. Exemplars, categories, prototypes: Simple and multiple correspondence analysis | pp. 367–386
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Chapter 20. Constructional change and motion charts | pp. 387–394
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Epilogue | pp. 395–396
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The most important R objects and basic operations with them
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Appendix 1. The most important R objects and basic operations with them | pp. 397–408
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Apeendix 2. Main plotting functions and graphical parameters in R | pp. 409–424
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References | pp. 425–432
“Levshina’s book achieves something few other books on doing linguistics with R have achieved. She has written a book that makes sense even for novice users of R and for linguists not accustomed to statistical computing. Levshina writes in a pedagogically sensitive style, in friendly language, and with just the right amount of explanatory prose to lead the reader to insightful analyses. Taken together, the chapters introduce the reader to a sparkling variety of statistical methods. Best of all, from the point of view of linguists, real *linguistic *problems take centre stage throughout the book– the statistical methods are the means to answer intriguing linguistic questions, not an end in themselves.”
John Newman, University of Alberta
“This is a fantastic textbook: extremely comprehensive (the book surveys almost all major analysis technique used in the linguistic literature – from descriptive statistics over regression analysis to semantic vector space modeling), well-written, and with a much appreciated emphasis on good data visualization. Both beginning and more experienced quantitative linguists will find this book an invaluable resource.”
Benedikt Szmrecsanyi, University of Leuven
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2022. Liquid Gold Down the Drain: Measuring Perceptions of Creativity Associated with Figurative Language and Play. Cognitive Semantics 8:1 ► pp. 79 ff.
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2022. Gênero e intersecções linguísticas numa variação dialetal do português brasileiro. In Língua(gem) e sexualidade: perspectivas do século XXI, ► pp. 181 ff.
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2022. On competing indexicalities in southern Peninsular Spanish. A sociophonetic and perceptual analysis of affricate [ts] through time. Language Variation and Change 34:2 ► pp. 137 ff.
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2022. Predictive Analysis for Text Classification: Discrete Units in Company Registration Discourse. Białostockie Studia Prawnicze 27:4 ► pp. 229 ff.
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2021. Pre- and postnominal onymic genitives in (Early) New High German. Journal of Historical Linguistics 11:3 ► pp. 499 ff.
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2023. Mitigating strategies and politeness in German requests. Journal of Politeness Research 19:2 ► pp. 355 ff.
Adams, Julia Bahia & Carlos Augusto Jardim Chiarelli
2021. A guide on extracting and tidying tweets with R. Cadernos de Linguística 2:4 ► pp. e410 ff.
Birkenes, Magnus Breder & Jürg Fleischer
2021. Syntactic vs. phonological areas: A quantitative perspective on Hessian dialects. Journal of Linguistic Geography 9:2 ► pp. 142 ff.
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2021. Search Behavior of Individual Foragers Involves Neurotransmitter Systems Characteristic for Social Scouting. Frontiers in Insect Science 1
Childs, Claire
2021. Mechanisms of Grammaticalization in the Variation of Negative Question Tags. Journal of English Linguistics 49:4 ► pp. 419 ff.
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2021. Methodological Synthesis of Cluster Analysis in Second Language Research. Language Learning 71:1 ► pp. 99 ff.
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2020. English as a Lingua Franca: A random forests approach to particle placement in multi‐speaker interactions. International Journal of Applied Linguistics 30:2 ► pp. 214 ff.
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2021. Power and Positivity: Psycholinguistic Perspectives on Word Valence in Canadian Parliament. Frontiers in Communication 6
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2021. Perspectival factors and pro-drop: A corpus study of speaker/addressee pronouns with creer ‘think/ believe’ and saber ‘know’ in spoken Spanish. Glossa: a journal of general linguistics 6:1
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2021. Disentangling modal meanings with distributional semantics. Digital Scholarship in the Humanities 36:2 ► pp. 307 ff.
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2021. Variation in Participants and Stimuli in Acceptability Experiments. In The Cambridge Handbook of Experimental Syntax, ► pp. 97 ff.
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2021. Reduction of Survey Sites in Dialectology: A New Methodology Based on Clustering. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence 4
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2021. A Multifactorial Analysis of Concessive Clause Positioning. Journal of Quantitative Linguistics 28:4 ► pp. 356 ff.
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2021. Prepositional phrases in German in Austria – identifying patterns of variation. Open Linguistics 7:1 ► pp. 476 ff.
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2021. Linguistic Synesthesia in Turkish: A Corpus-based Study of Crossmodal Directionality. Metaphor and Symbol 36:4 ► pp. 241 ff.
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2021. An aggregate approach to diachronic variation in modern Chinese writings and translations. Asian Languages and Linguistics 2:1 ► pp. 110 ff.
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2021. Diferentes análises estatísticas podem levar a conclusões categoricamente distintas. Revista da ABRALIN ► pp. 1 ff.
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2021. Multilingual lexical transfer challenges monolingual educational norms: not quite!. Multilingua 40:6 ► pp. 791 ff.
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2021. Predictors of English as second language learners’ oral proficiency development in a classroom context. International Journal of Applied Linguistics 31:3 ► pp. 526 ff.
Naccarato, Chiara, Anastasia Panova & Natalia Stoynova
2021. Word-order variation in a contact setting: A corpus-based investigation of Russian spoken in Daghestan. Language Variation and Change 33:3 ► pp. 387 ff.
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2021. When a cross-linguistic tendency marries incomplete acquisition: Preposition drop in Russian spoken in Daghestan. International Journal of Bilingualism 25:3 ► pp. 640 ff.
Pettersson-Traba, Daniela
2021. Measuring semantic distance across time. Journal of Research Design and Statistics in Linguistics and Communication Science 6:2
Pettersson-Traba, Daniela
2021. A diachronic perspective on near-synonymy: The concept of sweet-smelling in American English. Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory 17:2 ► pp. 319 ff.
Pettersson-Traba, Daniela
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Pettersson-Traba, Daniela
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Pijpops, Dirk, Dirk Speelman, Freek Van de Velde & Stefan Grondelaers
2021. Incorporating the multi-level nature of the constructicon into hypothesis testing. Cognitive Linguistics 32:3 ► pp. 487 ff.
Podhorodecka, Joanna
2021. Martin Hilpert, Ten Lectures on Diachronic Construction Grammar. Leiden, Boston: Brill, 2021. Półrocznik Językoznawczy Tertium 6:2 ► pp. 211 ff.
Podhorodecka, Joanna
2021. Real-life pseudo-passives: The usage and discourse functions of adjunct-based passive constructions. Poznan Studies in Contemporary Linguistics 57:1 ► pp. 33 ff.
Pérez-Guerra, Javier
2021. Chapter 4. Theme as a proxy for register categorization. In Corpus-based Approaches to Register Variation [Studies in Corpus Linguistics, 103], ► pp. 85 ff.
Romasanta, Raquel P.
2021. Substrate Language Influence in Postcolonial Asian Englishes and the Role of Transfer in the Complementation System. English Studies 102:8 ► pp. 1151 ff.
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2021. Loss of intersective gradience as the lifeboat of a dying construction. An analysis of the diachronic change of causativebring. Folia Linguistica 55:s42-s2 ► pp. 429 ff.
Schneider, Ulrike
2021. How Trump tweets: A comparative analysis of tweets by US politicians. Research in Corpus Linguistics 9:2 ► pp. 34 ff.
SCHNEIDER, ULRIKE
2023. Reflexive analytic causatives: a diachronic analysis of transitivity parameters. English Language and Linguistics 27:4 ► pp. 789 ff.
Schneider, Ulrike
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2021. Constructional competition and network reconfiguration: investigatingsum(e)in Old, Middle and Early Modern English. English Language and Linguistics 25:1 ► pp. 1 ff.
Stoynova, Natalia
2021. Нестандартные количественные конструкции в русской речи носителей нанайского и ульчского языков. Russian Linguistics 45:3 ► pp. 305 ff.
Sönning, Lukas & Valentin Werner
2021. The replication crisis, scientific revolutions, and linguistics. Linguistics 59:5 ► pp. 1179 ff.
Tantucci, Vittorio
2021. Language and Social Minds,
Tantucci, Vittorio & Matteo Di Cristofaro
2021. Pre-emptive interaction in language change and ontogeny: the case of [there is no NP]. Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory 17:3 ► pp. 715 ff.
Thompson, Arthur Lewis, Thomas Van Hoey & Youngah Do
2021. Articulatory features of phonemes pattern to iconic meanings: evidence from cross-linguistic ideophones. Cognitive Linguistics 32:4 ► pp. 563 ff.
Tizón-Couto, David & David Lorenz
2021. Variables are valuable: making a case for deductive modeling. Linguistics 59:5 ► pp. 1279 ff.
Travis, Catherine E. & Inas Ghina
Van Wettere, Niek
2021. Productivity of French and Dutch (semi-)copular constructions and the adverse impact of high token frequency. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 26:3 ► pp. 396 ff.
Van Wettere, Niek
2021. Copularity of French and Dutch (semi-)copular constructions: a behavioral profile analysis. Linguistics 59:6 ► pp. 1359 ff.
Vandeweerd, Nathan, Alex Housen & Magali Paquot
2021. Applying phraseological complexity measures to L2 French. International Journal of Learner Corpus Research 7:2 ► pp. 197 ff.
Voelkel, Svenja & Franziska Kretzschmar
2021. Introducing Linguistic Research,
Widmer, Manuel, Mathias Jenny, Wolfgang Behr & Balthasar Bickel
2021. Morphological structure can escape reduction effects from mass admixture of second language speakers. Studies in Language 45:4 ► pp. 707 ff.
Winter, Bodo & Paul‐Christian Bürkner
2021. Poisson regression for linguists: A tutorial introduction to modelling count data with brms. Language and Linguistics Compass 15:11
Xiao, Hongling, Fang Li, Ted J. M. Sanders & Wilbert P. M. S. Spooren
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Xiao, Hongling, Fang Li, Ted J. M. Sanders & Wilbert P. M. S. Spooren
2021. How subjective are Mandarin reason connectives?. Language and Linguistics. 語言暨語言學 22:1 ► pp. 166 ff.
Yu, Lin
2021. An Event Integration Approach to Lexicalizations of Action Correlating Events— A Case Study of “V + Dào” Construction in Mandarin. Open Journal of Modern Linguistics 11:03 ► pp. 335 ff.
Zehentner, Eva
2021. Alternations emerge and disappear: the network of dispossession constructions in the history of English. Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory 17:3 ► pp. 525 ff.
Zehentner, Eva
2022. Ambiguity avoidance as a factor in the rise of the English dative alternation. Cognitive Linguistics 33:1 ► pp. 3 ff.
Zehentner, Eva
2022. Revisiting Gradience in Diachronic Construction Grammar: PPs and the Complement-Adjunct Distinction in the History of English. Zeitschrift für Anglistik und Amerikanistik 70:3 ► pp. 301 ff.
Zenner, Eline, Laura Rosseel & Dirk Speelman
2021. Starman or Sterrenman: An acquisitional perspective on the social meaning of English in Flanders. International Journal of Bilingualism 25:3 ► pp. 568 ff.
Öksüz, Doğuş, Vaclav Brezina & Patrick Rebuschat
2021. Collocational Processing in L1 and L2: The Effects of Word Frequency, Collocational Frequency, and Association. Language Learning 71:1 ► pp. 55 ff.
Allassonnière-Tang, Marc & One-Soon Her
2020. Numeral base, numeral classifier, and noun. Language and Linguistics. 語言暨語言學 21:4 ► pp. 511 ff.
Blas Arroyo, José Luis
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2020. ¿La reversión de un cambio lingüístico? Pasado y presente de la variación en las relativas oblicuas de lugar en español. Sociolinguistic Studies 14:1-2
Brato, Thorsten
2020. Noun phrase complexity in Ghanaian English. World Englishes 39:3 ► pp. 377 ff.
Chen, Qiaoyun
2020. Creating a 3D semantic profile of causativeshiandrang: A constructional approach. Australian Journal of Linguistics 40:4 ► pp. 405 ff.
Chen, Qiaoyun
2022. English and Chinese existential constructions in contrast: A corpus-based semantic study. Poznan Studies in Contemporary Linguistics 58:4 ► pp. 717 ff.
Chen, Qiaoyun
2024. Profiling analytic causative construction in Chinese: a multifactorial analysis of diachronic change. Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory
De Troij, Robbert & Freek Van de Velde
2020. Beyond Mere Text Frequency: Assessing Subtle Grammaticalization by Different Quantitative Measures. A Case Study on the Dutch Soort Construction. Languages 5:4 ► pp. 55 ff.
Deibel, Isabel
2020. The contribution of grammar and lexicon to language switching costs: Examining contact-induced languages and their implications for theories of language representation. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 23:5 ► pp. 992 ff.
Du, Jing, Fuyin Thomas Li & Mengmin Xu
2020. Pò(‘break’),qiē(‘cut’) andkāi(‘open’) in Chinese. Review of Cognitive Linguistics 18:1 ► pp. 213 ff.
Egbert, Jesse, Tove Larsson & Douglas Biber
2020. Doing Linguistics with a Corpus,
Estellés Arguedas, Maria
2020. The Evolution of Parliamentary Debates in Light of the Evolution of Evidentials: Al Parecer and Por lo Visto in 40 Years of Parliamentary Proceedings from Spain. Corpus Pragmatics 4:1 ► pp. 59 ff.
Flach, Susanne
2020. Schemas and the frequency/acceptability mismatch: Corpus distribution predicts sentence judgments. Cognitive Linguistics 31:4 ► pp. 609 ff.
García‐Castro, Laura
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Gerasimova, Anastasia & Ekaterina Lyutikova
2020. Intralingual Variation in Acceptability Judgments and Production: Three Case Studies in Russian Grammar. Frontiers in Psychology 11
Hansen, Beke
2020. Localisation, Globalisation and Gender in Discourse-Pragmatic Variation in Ghanaian English. In Gender in World Englishes, ► pp. 23 ff.
Her, One-Soon & Marc Tang
2020. A Statistical Explanation of the Distribution of Sortal Classifiers in Languages of the World via Computational Classifiers. Journal of Quantitative Linguistics 27:2 ► pp. 93 ff.
Jehlička, Jakub & Eva Lehečková
2020. Multimodal Event Construals: The Role of Co-Speech Gestures in English vs. Czech Interactions. Zeitschrift für Anglistik und Amerikanistik 68:4 ► pp. 351 ff.
Kawahara, Shigeto
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Kim, YouJin, Stephen Skalicky & YeonJoo Jung
2020. The Role of Linguistic Alignment on Question Development in Face‐to‐Face and Synchronous Computer‐Mediated Communication Contexts: A Conceptual Replication Study. Language Learning 70:3 ► pp. 643 ff.
Kortmann, Bernd
2020. Turns and trends in 21st century linguistics. In English Linguistics, ► pp. 241 ff.
KRUGER, HAIDEE & BERTUS VAN ROOY
2020. A multifactorial analysis of contact-induced change in speech reporting in written White South African English (WSAfE). English Language and Linguistics 24:1 ► pp. 179 ff.
Kwame, Abukari & Marit Westergaard
2020. The acquisition of English articles among L1 Dagbani L2 English learners. Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 65:4 ► pp. 496 ff.
Lange, Claudia & Sven Leuckert
2020. Tag Questions and Gender in Indian English. In Gender in World Englishes, ► pp. 69 ff.
Larsson, Tove, Marcus Callies, Hilde Hasselgård, Natalia Judith Laso, Sanne van Vuuren, Isabel Verdaguer & Magali Paquot
2020. Adverb placement in EFL academic writing. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 25:2 ► pp. 156 ff.
Law, Melanie A. & Haidee Kotze
2020. Gender, Writing and Editing in South African Englishes. In Gender in World Englishes, ► pp. 205 ff.
MacKenzie, Laurel
2020. Comparing Constraints on Contraction Using Bayesian Regression Modeling. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence 3
Meng, Ran, Ying Chen, Qimiao Zhou & Hongkun Fu
2020. 2020 International Conference on Asian Language Processing (IALP), ► pp. 125 ff.
Meriläinen, Lea
2020. The Interplay between Universal Processes and Cross-Linguistic Influence in the Light of Learner Corpus Data: Examining Shared Features of Non-native Englishes. In Learner Corpus Research Meets Second Language Acquisition, ► pp. 67 ff.
Mikhailov, Mikhail
2020. Цвет в художественном тексте и в переводе: Опыт корпусного исследования. Scando-Slavica 66:1 ► pp. 23 ff.
Nance, Claire
2020. Bilingual language exposure and the peer group: Acquiring phonetics and phonology in Gaelic Medium Education. International Journal of Bilingualism 24:2 ► pp. 360 ff.
Nance, Claire
2022. Sound change or community change? The speech community in sound change studies: a case study of Scottish Gaelic. Linguistics Vanguard 8:s5 ► pp. 677 ff.
Nelson, Christina
2020. The younger, the better? Speech perception development in adolescent vs. adult L3 learners. Yearbook of the Poznan Linguistic Meeting 6:1 ► pp. 27 ff.
Neumann, Stella
2020. On the interaction between register variation and regional varieties in English. Language, Context and Text. The Social Semiotics Forum 2:1 ► pp. 121 ff.
Paquot, Magali & Tove Larsson
2020. Descriptive Statistics and Visualization with R. In A Practical Handbook of Corpus Linguistics, ► pp. 375 ff.
Radu, Malina, Laura Colantoni, Gabrielle Klassen, Matthew Patience, Ana Teresa Pérez-Leroux & Olga Tararova
2020. The perception and interpretation of sentence types by L1 Spanish–L2 English speakers. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 10:4 ► pp. 499 ff.
Rusk, Brian V., Johanne Paradis & Juhani Järvikivi
2020. Comprehension of English plural-singular marking by Mandarin-L1, early L2-immersion learners. Applied Psycholinguistics 41:3 ► pp. 547 ff.
Röthlisberger, Melanie
2020. Social Constraints on Syntactic Variation. In Gender in World Englishes, ► pp. 147 ff.
Röthlisberger, Melanie & Sali A. Tagliamonte
2020. The social embedding of a syntactic alternation: Variable particle placement in Ontario English. Language Variation and Change 32:3 ► pp. 317 ff.
Rühlemann, Christoph
Rühlemann, Christoph
2024. Gaze alternation predicts inclusive next-speaker selection: evidence from eyetracking. Frontiers in Communication 9
Schmidtke-Bode, Karsten & Gregor Kachel
2020. Exploring the motivational antecedents of Nepalese learners of L2 English. International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching 58:4 ► pp. 379 ff.
Schneider, Edgar W.
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2023. Lexicosemantic diffusion in World Englishes: variable meaning–form relations in prospective verbs. English Language and Linguistics 27:4 ► pp. 719 ff.
Schweinberger, Martin
2020. Analyzing change in the American English amplifier system in the fiction genre. In Corpora and the Changing Society [Studies in Corpus Linguistics, 96], ► pp. 223 ff.
Stange, Ulrike
2020. “Holding Grudges Is So Last Century”: The Use of GenXSoas a Modifier of Noun Phrases. Journal of English Linguistics 48:2 ► pp. 107 ff.
Stange, Ulrike
2023. So Grown Stale? On Intensifying and Emphasizing Uses of Preverbalsoin Present-Day American English. American Speech: A Quarterly of Linguistic Usage 98:3 ► pp. 235 ff.
TAMAREDO, IVÁN, MELANIE RÖTHLISBERGER, JASON GRAFMILLER & BENEDIKT HELLER
2020. Probabilistic indigenization effects at the lexis–syntax interface. English Language and Linguistics 24:2 ► pp. 413 ff.
Tang, Marc & I-Ping Wan
2020. Predicting Speech Errors in Mandarin Based on Word Frequency. In From Minimal Contrast to Meaning Construct [Frontiers in Chinese Linguistics, 9], ► pp. 289 ff.
Tantucci, Vittorio & Aiqing Wang
2020. Diachronic change of rapport orientation and sentence-periphery in Mandarin. Discourse Studies 22:2 ► pp. 146 ff.
Tantucci, Vittorio & Aiqing Wang
2022. Resonance as an Applied Predictor of Cross-Cultural Interaction: Constructional Priming in Mandarin and American English Interaction. Applied Linguistics 43:1 ► pp. 115 ff.
Tantucci, Vittorio & Aiqing Wang
2022. Dynamic Resonance and Explicit Dialogic Engagement in Mandarin First Language Acquisition. Discourse Processes 59:7 ► pp. 553 ff.
Tantucci, Vittorio & Aiqing Wang
2023. Dialogic Priming and Dynamic Resonance in Autism: Creativity Competing with Engagement in Chinese Children with ASD. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 53:6 ► pp. 2458 ff.
Trye, David, Andreea S. Calude, Felipe Bravo-Marquez & Te Taka Keegan
2020. Hybrid Hashtags: #YouKnowYoureAKiwiWhen Your Tweet Contains Māori and English. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence 3
Van Goethem, Kristel & Muriel Norde
2020. Extravagant “fake” morphemes in Dutch. Morphological productivity, semantic profiles and categorical flexibility. Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory 16:3 ► pp. 425 ff.
Viola, Lorella
2020. From linguistic innovation to language change. Revue Romane. Langue et littérature. International Journal of Romance Languages and Literatures 55:1 ► pp. 95 ff.
Wiemer, Björn, Joanna Wrzesień-Kwiatkowska & Piotr Wyroślak
2020. How morphologically related synonyms come to make up a paradigm. Russian Linguistics 44:3 ► pp. 231 ff.
Zimmer, Christian
2020. Kasus im Namdeutschen. Zeitschrift für germanistische Linguistik 48:2 ► pp. 298 ff.
Çandarlı, Duygu
2020. Changes in L2 writers’ self-reported metalinguistic knowledge of lexical phrases over one academic year. The Language Learning Journal 48:6 ► pp. 768 ff.
Abed Ibrahim, Lina & István Fekete
2019. What Machine Learning Can Tell Us About the Role of Language Dominance in the Diagnostic Accuracy of German LITMUS Non-word and Sentence Repetition Tasks. Frontiers in Psychology 9
Anthonissen, Lynn, Astrid De Wit & Tanja Mortelmans
2019. (Inter)subjective uses of the Dutch progressive constructions. Linguistics 57:5 ► pp. 1111 ff.
Arnold, Taylor, Nicolas Ballier, Paula Lissón & Lauren Tilton
2019. Beyond lexical frequencies: using R for text analysis in the digital humanities. Language Resources and Evaluation 53:4 ► pp. 707 ff.
Bolyanatz Brown, Mariška A. & Brandon M.A. Rogers
2019. Chapter 7. The social perception of intervocalic /k/ voicing in Chilean Spanish. In Recent Advances in the Study of Spanish Sociophonetic Perception [Issues in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics, 21], ► pp. 212 ff.
BYBEE, JOAN & RICARDO NAPOLEÃO DE SOUZA
2019. Vowel duration in English adjectives in attributive and predicative constructions. Language and Cognition 11:4 ► pp. 555 ff.
De Smet, Isabeau & Freek Van de Velde
2019. Reassessing the evolution of West Germanic preterite inflection. Diachronica 36:2 ► pp. 139 ff.
De Smet, Isabeau & Freek Van de Velde
2020. Semantic differences between strong and weak verb forms in Dutch. Cognitive Linguistics 31:3 ► pp. 393 ff.
Fronhofer, Nina-Maria
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Fuchs, Robert, Bertus van Rooy & Ulrike Gut
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Janda, Laura A.
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Johns, Michael A, Jorge R Valdés Kroff & Paola E Dussias
2019. Mixing things up: How blocking and mixing affect the processing of codemixed sentences. International Journal of Bilingualism 23:2 ► pp. 584 ff.
Kim, YouJin, YeonJoo Jung & Stephen Skalicky
2019. LINGUISTIC ALIGNMENT, LEARNER CHARACTERISTICS, AND THE PRODUCTION OF STRANDED PREPOSITIONS IN RELATIVE CLAUSES. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 41:5 ► pp. 937 ff.
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Kruger, Haidee
2019. That Again: A Multivariate Analysis of the Factors Conditioning Syntactic Explicitness in Translated English. Across Languages and Cultures 20:1 ► pp. 1 ff.
Lorenz, Eliane, Richard J Bonnie, Kathrin Feindt, Sharareh Rahbari & Peter Siemund
2019. Cross-linguistic influence in unbalanced bilingual heritage speakers on subsequent language acquisition: Evidence from pronominal object placement in ditransitive clauses. International Journal of Bilingualism 23:6 ► pp. 1410 ff.
Lorenz, Eliane & Peter Siemund
2019. Differences in the Acquisition and Production of English as a Foreign Language: A Study of Bilingual and Monolingual Students in Germany. In International Research on Multilingualism: Breaking with the Monolingual Perspective [Multilingual Education, 35], ► pp. 81 ff.
Mechler, Johanna & Isabelle Buchstaller
2019. [In]stability in the use of a stable variable. Linguistics Vanguard 5:s2
Meyers, Charlène
2019. Difficulties in Identifying and Translating Linguistic Metaphors: A Survey and Experiment among Translation Students. English Studies at NBU 5:2 ► pp. 308 ff.
Meyers, Charlène
2024. Influence du compte-rendu intégré des problèmes et décisions (CRIPD) sur la qualité de la
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Naccarato, Chiara
2019. Agentive (para)synthetic compounds in Russian: a quantitative study of rival constructions. Morphology 29:1 ► pp. 1 ff.
Nesset, Tore
2019. Big data in Russian linguistics?. Zeitschrift für Slawistik 64:2 ► pp. 157 ff.
Nesset, Tore
Nesset, Tore
2022. Norwegian Compounds and Corresponding Constructions in Russian: The Case of Nouns with Deverbal Heads. Scando-Slavica 68:1 ► pp. 73 ff.
Neuhaus, Laura
2019. Eine diachrone Korpusanalyse der rhetorischen Figur Litotes. Jahrbuch für Germanistische Sprachgeschichte 10:1 ► pp. 345 ff.
Octavio de Toledo y Huerta, Álvaro S.
2019. Large Corpora and Historical Syntax: Consequences for the Study of Morphosyntactic Diffusion in the History of Spanish. Frontiers in Psychology 10
Pulido, Manuel F. & Paola E. Dussias
2019. The Neural Correlates of Conflict Detection and Resolution During Multiword Lexical Selection: Evidence from Bilinguals and Monolinguals. Brain Sciences 9:5 ► pp. 110 ff.
Rastelli, Stefano
2019. The discontinuity model: Statistical and grammatical learning in adult second-language acquisition. Language Acquisition 26:4 ► pp. 387 ff.
Rastelli, Stefano
2023. Italian Verbs with Two Auxiliaries: A Forced-Choice Experiment. Probus 35:1 ► pp. 61 ff.
Rosemeyer, Malte
2019. Actual and apparent change in Brazilian Portuguese wh-interrogatives. Language Variation and Change 31:2 ► pp. 165 ff.
Rosemeyer, Malte
2022. À nouveauandde nouveauin spoken and written French. Journal of French Language Studies 32:1 ► pp. 76 ff.
Röthlisberger, Melanie & Benedikt Szmrecsanyi
2019. Dialect Typology: Recent Advances. In Handbook of the Changing World Language Map, ► pp. 1 ff.
Röthlisberger, Melanie & Benedikt Szmrecsanyi
2020. Dialect Typology: Recent Advances. In Handbook of the Changing World Language Map, ► pp. 131 ff.
Sallandre, Marie-Anne, Antonio Balvet, Geoffrey Besnard & Brigitte Garcia
2019. Étude exploratoire de la fréquence des catégories linguistiques dans quatre genres discursifs en LSF. Lidil :60
Spina, Stefania
2019. Role of Emoticons as Structural Markers in Twitter Interactions. Discourse Processes 56:4 ► pp. 345 ff.
Szmrecsanyi, Benedikt, Jason Grafmiller & Laura Rosseel
2019. Variation-Based Distance and Similarity Modeling: A Case Study in World Englishes. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence 2
Szmrecsanyi, Benedikt & Melanie Röthlisberger
2019. World Englishes from the Perspective of Dialect Typology. In The Cambridge Handbook of World Englishes, ► pp. 534 ff.
Tagarro, Pablo M. & Nerea Suárez-González
2019. Laurel J. Brinton (ed.). 2017.English historical linguistics: Approaches and perspectives. Studies in Language 43:4 ► pp. 1038 ff.
Velupillai, Viveka
2019. Gendered inanimates in Shetland dialect. English World-Wide. A Journal of Varieties of English 40:3 ► pp. 269 ff.
Wagner, Susanne
2019. Whyvery goodin India might bepretty goodin North America. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 24:4 ► pp. 445 ff.
Yao, Xinyue & Peter Collins
2019. Developments in Australian, British, and American English Grammar from 1931 to 2006: An Aggregate, Comparative Approach to Dialectal Variation and Change. Journal of English Linguistics 47:2 ► pp. 120 ff.
Badryzlova, Yulia & Polina Panicheva
2018. A Multi-feature Classifier for Verbal Metaphor Identification in Russian Texts. In Artificial Intelligence and Natural Language [Communications in Computer and Information Science, 930], ► pp. 23 ff.
Hartmann, Stefan
2018. Derivational morphology in flux: a case study of word-formation change in German. Cognitive Linguistics 29:1 ► pp. 77 ff.
Hartmann, Stefan
2021. Diachronic Cognitive Linguistics. Yearbook of the German Cognitive Linguistics Association 9:1 ► pp. 1 ff.
Kocher, Anna
2018. Epistemic and evidential modification in Spanish and Portuguese. Languages in Contrast 18:1 ► pp. 99 ff.
Kokorniak, Iwona & Alicja Jajko-Siwek
Laitinen, Mikko
2018. Placing ELF among the varieties of English. In Modeling World Englishes [Varieties of English Around the World, G61], ► pp. 109 ff.
Laitinen, Mikko
2020. Empirical perspectives on English as a lingua franca (ELF) grammar. World Englishes 39:3 ► pp. 427 ff.
Leal, Tania
2018. Chapter 3. Data analysis and sampling. In Critical Reflections on Data in Second Language Acquisition [Language Learning & Language Teaching, 51], ► pp. 63 ff.
Lieb, Hans-Heinrich
2018. Chapter 5. Describing linguistic objects in a realist way. In Essays on Linguistic Realism [Studies in Language Companion Series, 196], ► pp. 79 ff.
Lissón, Paula & Nicolas Ballier
2018. Investigating Lexical Progression through Lexical Diversity Metrics in a Corpus of French L3. Discours :23
Lorenz, Eliane
2018. “One day a father and his son going fishing on the Lake.” – A study on the use of the progressive aspect of monolingual and bilingual learners of English. In Foreign Language Education in Multilingual Classrooms [Hamburg Studies on Linguistic Diversity, 7], ► pp. 331 ff.
Nesset, Tore & Anastasia Makarova
Norde, Muriel & Kristel Van Goethem
2018. Debonding and Clipping of Prefixoids in Germanic: Constructionalization or Constructional Change?. In The Construction of Words [Studies in Morphology, 4], ► pp. 475 ff.
Polo Aparisi, Manuel, Eva Maria Schöll & Sabine Marlene Hille
2018. Alpine Marsh TitsPoecile palustris palustrisexhibit no clear sexual dimorphism other than in wing length. Ringing & Migration 33:1 ► pp. 36 ff.
Silvennoinen, Olli O.
Woodin, Greg & Bodo Winter
2018. Placing Abstract Concepts in Space: Quantity, Time and Emotional Valence. Frontiers in Psychology 9
Bolly, Catherine T., Ludivine Crible, Liesbeth Degand & Deniz Uygur-Distexhe
2017. Chapter 2. Towards a model for discourse marker annotation. In Pragmatic Markers, Discourse Markers and Modal Particles [Studies in Language Companion Series, 186], ► pp. 71 ff.
DE SMET, HENDRIK & FREEK VAN DE VELDE
2017. Experimenting on the past: a case study on changing analysability in Englishly-adverbs. English Language and Linguistics 21:2 ► pp. 317 ff.
Divjak, Dagmar
2017. The Role of Lexical Frequency in the Acceptability of Syntactic Variants: Evidence Fromthat‐Clauses in Polish. Cognitive Science 41:2 ► pp. 354 ff.
Divjak, Dagmar
2019. Frequency in Language,
Hickey, Raymond
2017. The Development of Recording Technology. In Listening to the Past, ► pp. 562 ff.
Ioannou, Georgios
2017. A corpus-based analysis of the verb pleróo in Ancient Greek. Review of Cognitive Linguistics 15:1 ► pp. 253 ff.
Ioannou, Georgios
2019. From Athenian fleet to prophetic eschatology. Correlating formal features to themes of discourse in Ancient Greek. Folia Linguistica 53:s40-s2 ► pp. 355 ff.
Paquot, Magali & Luke Plonsky
2017. Quantitative research methods and study quality in learner corpus research. International Journal of Learner Corpus Research 3:1 ► pp. 61 ff.
Percillier, Michael
2017. Creating and Analyzing Literary Corpora. In Data Analytics in Digital Humanities, ► pp. 91 ff.
Susanti, Yuni, Takenobu Tokunaga, Hitoshi Nishikawa & Hiroyuki Obari
2017. Controlling item difficulty for automatic vocabulary question generation. Research and Practice in Technology Enhanced Learning 12:1
Tait, Alastair W., Emma J. Gagen, Sasha Wilson, Andrew G. Tomkins & Gordon Southam
2017. Microbial Populations of Stony Meteorites: Substrate Controls on First Colonizers. Frontiers in Microbiology 8
Tizón-Couto, David
2017. Exploring the Left Dislocation construction by means of multiple linear regression. Belgian Journal of Linguistics 31 ► pp. 301 ff.
Tizón-Couto, David
2018. Chapter 8. Complexity and genre distribution of left-dislocated strings after the fixation of SVO syntax. In Explorations in English Historical Syntax [Studies in Language Companion Series, 198], ► pp. 203 ff.
Divjak, Dagmar, Natalia Levshina & Jane Klavan
2016. “Cognitive Linguistics: Looking back, looking forward”. Cognitive Linguistics 27:4 ► pp. 447 ff.
Levshina, Natalia
2016. When variables align: A Bayesian multinomial mixed-effects model of English permissive constructions. Cognitive Linguistics 27:2 ► pp. 235 ff.
Levshina, Natalia
Roothooft, Hanne & Ruth Breeze
2016. A comparison of EFL teachers’ and students’ attitudes to oral corrective feedback. Language Awareness 25:4 ► pp. 318 ff.
[no author supplied]
2016. Review of Moisl ((2015)): Cluster Analysis for Corpus Linguistics. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 21:4 ► pp. 581 ff.
[no author supplied]
[no author supplied]
[no author supplied]
2019. Chapter 18. Conclusion. In Sensory Linguistics [Converging Evidence in Language and Communication Research, 20], ► pp. 235 ff.
[no author supplied]
[no author supplied]
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2024. ,
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This list is based on CrossRef data as of 30 september 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.
Subjects
Main BIC Subject
CFX: Computational linguistics
Main BISAC Subject
LAN009000: LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES / Linguistics / General