References
Alderson, J.C
(1984) Reading in a foreign language: A reading problem or a language problem? In J.C. Alderson & A.H. Urquhart (Eds.), Reading in a foreign language (pp. 1–24). London: Longman.Google Scholar
(1986) Computers in language testing. In G.N. Leech & C.N. Candlin (Eds.), Computers in English teaching and research (pp. 99–110). London: Longman.Google Scholar
(1988) New procedures for validating proficiency tests of ESP? Language Testing, 5(2), 220–232. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
(1990a) Testing reading comprehension skills (Part One). Reading in a Foreign Language, 6(2), 425–438.Google Scholar
(1990b) Testing reading comprehension skills (Part Two). Reading in a Foreign Language, 7(1), 465–503.Google Scholar
(1990c) Learner‑centred testing through computers: Institutional issues in individual assessment. In J.H.A.L. de Jong & D.K. Stevenson (Eds.), Individualizing the assessment of language abilities (pp. 20–27). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.Google Scholar
(1991) Language testing in the 1990s: How far have we come? How much further have we to go? In S. Anivan (Ed.), Current developments in language testing (pp. 1–26). Singapore: RELC Press.Google Scholar
(1993a) Judgements in language testing. In C. Chappelle & D. Douglas (Eds.), A new decade of language testing research (pp. 46–57). Washington, DC: TESOL.Google Scholar
(1993b) The relationship between grammar and reading in an EAP test battery. In C. Chappelle & D. Douglas (Eds.), A new decade of language testing research (pp. 203–219). Washington, DC: TESOL.Google Scholar
Alderson J.C
(1993c) The state of language testing in the 1990s. In A. Huhta, S. Takala, & K. Sajavaara (Eds.), Language testing: New openings (pp. 1–22). Jyväskylä, Finland: Institute of Educational Research.Google Scholar
Alderson, J.C
(1996) Do corpora have a role in language assessment? In J.A. Thomas & M. Short (Eds.), Using corpora for language research (pp. 248–259). London: Longmans.Google Scholar
(1998).Testing and teaching: The dream and the reality. novELTy, 5(4), 23–37.Google Scholar
(2001) Testing is too important to be left to testers. In C. Coombe (Ed.), Alternative assessment (pp. 1–14). TESOL Arabia.Google Scholar
(2004) The shape of things to come: Will it be the normal distribution? In M. Milanovic & C.J. Weir (Eds.), European language testing in a global context: Proceedings of the ALTE Barcelona conference, July 2001 (Studies in Language Testing 18) (pp. 1–26). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
(2007) The challenge of diagnostic testing: Do we know what we are measuring? In J. Fox, M. Wesche, D. Bayliss, L. Cheng, C.E. Turner, & C. Doe (Eds.), Language testing reconsidered (pp. 21–39). Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press.Google Scholar
(Ed.) (2009) The politics of language education: Individuals and institutions. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.Google Scholar
(2010) A survey of aviation English tests. Language Testing, 27(1), 51–72. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Alderson, J.C., & Banerjee, J
(2001) Language testing and assessment. State of the art review, Part One. Language Teaching, 34(4), 213–236. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
(2002) Language testing and assessment. State of the art review, Part Two. Language Teaching, 35(2), 79–113. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Alderson, J.C., & G. Buck
(1993) Standards in testing: A study of the practice of British examination boards in EFL/ESL testing. Language Testing, 10(1), 1–26. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Alderson, J.C., & Clapham, C
(1992) Applied linguistics and language testing: A case study of the ELTS Test. Applied Linguistics, 13(2), 149–67. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Alderson, J.C., Clapham, C.M. & Steel, D
(1997) Metalinguistic knowledge, language aptitude and language proficiency. Language Teaching Research, 1(2), 93–121. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Alderson, J.C., Clapham, C. & Wall, D
(1995) Language test construction and evaluation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Alderson, J.C., & L. Hamp-Lyons
(1996) TOEFL preparation courses: A study of washback. Language Testing, 13(3), 280–297. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Alderson, J.C, Happakangas, E.-L., Huhta, A. Nieminen, L., & Ullakonoja, R
(2015) The diagnosis of reading in a second or foreign language. New York, NY: Routledge.Google Scholar
Alderson, J.C., & Huhta, A
.(2005) The development of a suite of computer-based diagnostic tests based on the Common European Framework. Language Testing, 22(3), 301–320. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Alderson, J.C., & Wall, D
(1993) Does washback exist? Applied Linguistics, 14(1), 115–129. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Alderson, J.C., & Windeatt, S
(1991) Computers and innovation in language testing. In J.C. Alderson & B. North (Eds.), Language testing in the 1990s: The communicative legacy(pp. 226–236). London: Macmillan.Google Scholar
ALTE, Association of Language Testers in Europe
[URL] (1 August 2015).
Bachman, L.F, & Cohen, A
(1998) Interfaces between second language acquisition and language testing research. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Bloom, B., Englehart, M.D., Furst, E.J., Hill, W.H., & Krathwohl, D.R
(1956) Taxonomy of educational objectives. Handbook I: Cognitive domain. New York, NY: Longmans, Green.Google Scholar
Clapham, C
(1994) The effect of background knowledge on EAP reading test performance. Unpublished PhD dissertation, Lancaster University.Google Scholar
(1996) The development of IELTS: A study of the effect of background knowledge on reading comprehension. Studies in Language Testing, Vol. 4. Cambridge: Cambridge ESOL and Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Council of Europe
(2001) Common European Framework of Reference: Learning, teaching and assessment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
DIALANG
[URL] (1 August 2015).
DIALUKI
[URL] (1 August 2015).
EALTA, European Association for Language Testing and Assessment
[URL] (1 August 2015).
EALTA Guidelines
[URL] (1 August 2015).
ELPAC Validation Study
[URL] (1 August 2015).
ELPAC
English Language Proficiency for Aeronautical Communication. [URL] (1 August 2015).
Fekete, H., Major, E., & Nikolov, M
(Eds.) (1999) English language education in Hungary, Part 1: A baseline study. [URL] (1 August 2015).Google Scholar
Glover, P
(2006) Examination influence on how teachers teach: A study of teacher talk. Unpublished PhD dissertation, Lancaster University.Google Scholar
Hogan-Brun, G., Mar-Molinero, C., & Stevenson, P
(Eds.) (2009) Discourses on language and integration: Critical perspectives on language testing regimes in Europe (Discourse Approaches to Politics, Society and Culture 33J).Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
ILTA, International Language Testing Association
[URL] (1 August 2015).
Lado, R
(1961) Language testing: The construction and use of foreign language tests: A teacher’s book. London: Longman.Google Scholar
McNamara, T
(2001) Language assessment as social practice: Challenges for research. Language Testing, 18(4), 333–349. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Munby, J
(1978) Communicative syllabus design. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Pearson
(2009) The Pearson Test of English Academic. [URL] (1 August 2015).Google Scholar
Pearson, I
(1988) Tests as levers for change. In D. Chamberlain & R. Baumgardner (Eds.), ESP in the classroom: Practice and evaluation (ELT Documents 128) (pp. 98–107). London: Modern English Publications.Google Scholar
PISA
(2009) PISA 2009 Assessment framework – Key competencies in reading, mathematics and science. Available from [URL] (1 August 2015).Google Scholar
Shohamy, E
(2001) The power of tests: A critical perspective on the uses of tests. London: Longman.Google Scholar
SLATE, Second Language Acquisition and Testing in Europe
[URL] (1 August 2015).
TEEP, Test of English for Educational Purposes
[URL] (1 August 2015).
Tsagari, D
(2006) Investigating the washback effect of a high-stakes EFL exam in the Greek context: Participants’ perceptions, material design and classroom applications. Unpublished PhD dissertation, Lancaster University.Google Scholar
Wall, D., & Alderson, J.C
(1993) Examining washback: The Sri Lankan impact study. Language Testing, 10(1), 41–69. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Wall, D
(1999) The impact of high-stakes examinations on classroom teaching: A case study using insights from testing and innovation theory. Unpublished PhD dissertation, Lancaster University.Google Scholar
(2005) The impact of high-stakes examinations on classroom teaching: A case study using insights from testing and innovation theory (Studies in Language Testing Series 22). Cambridge: Cambridge ESOL and Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Wall, D., & Horák, T
(2006) The impact of changes in the TOEFL examination on teaching and learning in Central and Eastern Europe: Phase 1, The baseline study (TOEFL Monograph Series, MS-34). Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service.Google Scholar
(2008) The impact of changes in the TOEFL examination on teaching and learning in Central and Eastern Europe: Phase 2, Coping with change (TOEFL iBT Research Report, TOEFLiBT 05). Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service.Google Scholar
(2011) The impact of changes in the TOEFL examination on teaching and learning in Central and Eastern Europe: Phase 3, The role of the coursebook. Phase 4, Describing change. [URL] (1 August 2015).Google Scholar
Watanabe, Y
(1997) The washback effects of the Japanese University Entrance Examinations in English. Unpublished PhD dissertation, Lancaster University.Google Scholar