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Part of
Historical Linguistics: A cognitive grammar introduction
Margaret E. Winters
[Not in series 227] 2020
► pp. 213–230

Chapter 10
Causation, prediction, and final remarks

Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
    • 1.1Generalizations about change and cognition
  • 2.The potential for prediction
    • 2.1Aspects of change favoring prediction
      • 2.1.1Drift and typological co-occurrence
      • 2.1.2Typology, grammaticalization, and cyclical change
    • 2.2Processes which do not allow prediction
      • 2.2.1Emergence
      • 2.2.2Competition
    • 2.3Factors of change for further exploration
      • 2.3.1Genetic affiliation
      • 2.3.2Contact
      • 2.3.3The role of frequency
    • 2.4Summary
  • 3.Fundamental causation
    • 3.1Biological causation
    • 3.2Social causation
    • 3.3Cognitive causation
      • 3.3.1Phonological patterns
      • 3.3.2Grammatical patterns
      • 3.3.3Humboldt’s universal
      • 3.3.4Summary: Cognitive functioning
  • 4.Language as a system
  • Exercises
  • For further investigation
  • Notes