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Part of
Historical Linguistics: A cognitive grammar introduction
Margaret E. Winters
[Not in series 227] 2020
► pp. 73–96

Chapter 4
Phonetic change

Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
    • 1.1The scope of phonetics
  • 2.A note on conventions and features
  • 3.Unconditioned change
    • 3.1Simple changes
    • 3.2Complex changes: Chain shifts
    • 3.3Conclusion
  • 4.Conditioned change
    • 4.1Positional conditioning
    • 4.2Conditioning by surrounding elements
      • 4.2.1Segmental influence
        • 4.2.1.1Assimilation
        • 4.2.1.2Dissimilation
        • 4.2.1.3Metathesis
      • 4.2.2Suprasegmental influence
        • 4.2.2.1Lengthening and diphthongization
        • 4.2.2.2Monophthongization and reduction
  • 5.The wider context
    • 5.1Imitation and borrowing
    • 5.2Fortitions and lenitions
  • 6.Consciousness of change
  • 7.Conclusion
  • Exercises
  • For further investigation
  • Notes