Chapter 11
Word order and related syntactic choices

Article outline

11.1Overview
- 11.1.1Information flow
- 11.1.2Focus, emphasis, contrast, and intensification
- 11.1.3Weight
11.2Word order
- 11.2.1Grammatical principles of word order
- 11.2.2Fronting
  - 11.2.2.1Fronted objects and other nominals
  - 11.2.2.2Fronted predicatives
  - 11.2.2.3Fronted infinitive predicates
  - 11.2.2.4Fronted ed- and ing-predicates
  - 11.2.2.5Fronting in dependent clauses
  - 11.2.2.6Fronting in exclamations
  - 11.2.2.7Fronting: Distribution
    - corpus findings
    - discussion of findings
- 11.2.3Inversion of subject and verb or operator
  - 11.2.3.1Subject-verb inversion
  - 11.2.3.2Subject-operator inversion
  - 11.2.3.3Inversion after the linking forms so, nor, and neither
  - 11.2.3.4Special cases of inversion in independent clauses
  - 11.2.3.5Inversion in dependent clauses
  - 11.2.3.6Inversion in reporting clauses
  - 11.2.3.7Reporting clauses in fiction and news
    - corpus findings
    - discussion of findings
  - 11.2.3.8Inversion in general: Distribution
    - corpus findings
    - discussion of findings
- 11.2.4Word-order options at the end of the clause
  - 11.2.4.1The placement of direct and indirect objects
    - corpus findings
    - discussion of findings
  - 11.2.4.2Pronoun sequences as direct and indirect object
    - corpus findings
    - DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS
  - 11.2.4.3Clauses with direct objects and object predicatives
    - corpus findings
    - discussion of findings
  - 11.2.4.4The placement of objects of phrasal verbs
    - corpus findings
    - discussion of findings
11.3The passive
- 11.3.1Types of passive construction
- 11.3.2Passives across syntactic positions and registers
  - corpus findings
  - discussion of findings
- 11.3.3The long passive
  - 11.3.3.1Length of subject v. agent phrase in long passives
    - corpus findings ^,
    - DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS
  - 11.3.3.2Givenness of subject v. agent phrase
    - corpus findings ^,
    - DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS
- 11.3.4Comparison of discourse functions of the long and short passive
11.4Existential there
- 11.4.1The grammatical status of existential there
- 11.4.2Variation in the verb phrase
  - 11.4.2.1Verb constructions other than simple be
    - CORPUS FINDING
    - discussion of findings
- 11.4.3The notional subject
- 11.4.4Adverbial expansions
- 11.4.5Existential and locative there
  - corpus findings
  - discussion of findings
- 11.4.6Simple v. complex existential clauses
  - corpus findings
  - discussion of findings
- 11.4.7Discourse functions of existential clauses
- 11.4.8Existential clause v. locative inversion
  - 11.4.8.1Existential clause v. locative inversion: Distribution
    - corpus findings
    - discussion of findings
- 11.4.9Existential constructions with there v. have
11.5Dislocation
- 11.5.1Prefaces
- 11.5.2Noun phrase tags
- 11.5.3Prefaces and noun phrase tags: Distribution
  - corpus findings
  - discussion of findings
11.6Clefting
- 11.6.1It-clefts
- 11.6.2 Wh-clefts
- 11.6.3Reversed wh-clefts
- 11.6.4Cleft constructions: Distribution
  - corpus findings
  - discussion of findings
11.7Syntactic choices in conversation v. academic prose

Chapter 11Word order and related syntactic choices

Chapter 11
Word order and related syntactic choices