Chapter published in:
Grammar of Spoken and Written English
Douglas Biber, Stig Johansson, Geoffrey N. Leech, Susan Conrad and Edward Finegan
[Not in series 232] 2021
► pp. 957–978

Chapter 12
The grammatical marking of stance

Article outline
  • 12.1Overview
    • 12.1.1Paralinguistic and non-linguistic devices
    • 12.1.2Lexical marking of stance
  • 12.2Major grammatical devices used to express stance
    • 12.2.1Variability in the structural characteristics of stance devices
  • 12.3Major semantic distinctions conveyed by stance markers
    • 12.3.1Epistemic stance
    • 12.3.2Attitudinal stance
    • 12.3.3Style of speaking stance
  • 12.4Attribution of stance to the speaker or writer
    • 12.4.1Explicit attribution of stance
    • 12.4.2Implicit attribution of stance to the speaker/writer
    • 12.4.3Ambiguous attribution of stance
  • 12.5Register differences in the marking of stance
    • 12.5.1Major stance devices across registers
      • corpus findings , ,
      • discussion of findings
    • 12.5.2Stance adverbials across registers
      • corpus findings ,
      • discussion of findings
    • 12.5.3Stance complement constructions across registers
      • corpus findings ,
      • discussion of findings