Chapter published in:
Grammar of Spoken and Written EnglishDouglas Biber, Stig Johansson, Geoffrey N. Leech, Susan Conrad and Edward Finegan
[Not in series 232] 2021
► pp. 355–448
Chapter 5Verbs
Article outline
-
5.1Major verb functions and classes
- 5.1.1Frequency of lexical, modal, and primary auxiliary verbs
- corpus findings
- discussion of findings
- 5.1.2Distribution of lexical verbs and copula be across
registers
- corpus findings
- discussion of findings
- 5.1.1Frequency of lexical, modal, and primary auxiliary verbs
- 5.2Single-word lexical verbs
- 5.2.1Classification of verbs into semantic domains
- 5.2.1.1Major semantic domains of single-word verbs
- 5.2.1.2Distribution of semantic domains
- corpus findings
- discussion of findings
- Activity verbs are most5.2.1.3Semantic domains of verbs
- corpus findings
- discussion of findings
- 5.2.2Most common lexical verbs
- 5.2.2.1Overall use of the most common lexical verbs
- corpus findings ,
- discussion of findings
- 5.2.2.2Most common verbs in each register
- corpus findings
- discussion of findings
- 5.2.2.1Overall use of the most common lexical verbs
- 5.2.3Verbs with animate and inanimate subjects
- corpus findings ,
- discussion of findings
- 5.2.4Valency patterns for single-word lexical verbs
- 5.2.4.1Valencies of common verbs across semantic domains
- corpus findings ,
- discussion of findings
- 5.2.4.2Variation in verb valency patterns
- 5.2.4.3Intransitive and monotransitive patterns
- corpus findings
- discussion of findings
- 5.2.4.4Intransitive, monotransitive, and complex transitive patterns
- corpus findings
- discussion of findings
- 5.2.4.5Intransitive, monotransitive, and ditransitive patterns
- corpus findings
- discussion of findings
- 5.2.4.6Monotransitive and ditransitive but not intransitive patterns
- corpus findings
- discussion of findings
- 5.2.4.7Verbs taking almost all patterns
- corpus findings
- DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS
- 5.2.4.8General patterns
- 5.2.4.1Valencies of common verbs across semantic domains
- 5.2.5Regular lexical verb inflections
- 5.2.5.1Consonant doubling of regularly inflected verbs
- 5.2.5.2Doubling of base-final l followed by -ed across
dialects
- corpus findings
- discussion of findings
- 5.2.6Irregular lexical verb inflections
- 5.2.6.1Classes of irregular verbs
- 5.2.6.2Regular and irregular forms
- corpus findings ,
- discussion of findings
- 5.2.6.3
Got and gotten
- corpus findings
- discussion of findings
- 5.2.7Verb derivation
- 5.2.7.1Most frequent verb derivational affixes
- 5.2.7.2Productivity of verb derivational affixes
- corpus findings
- discussion of findings
- 5.2.1Classification of verbs into semantic domains
- 5.3Multi-word lexical verbs
- 5.3.1Features distinguishing multi-word verb combinations
- 5.3.1.1Multi-word combinations functioning as different structural categories
- 5.3.2Phrasal verbs
- 5.3.2.1Semantic domains of phrasal verbs
- 5.3.2.2Register distribution of phrasal verbs
- corpus findings
- discussion of findings
- 5.3.2.3The most common phrasal verbs
- corpus findings
- discussion of findings
- 5.3.2.4Productivity of particular verbs and adverbial particles
- corpus findings
- discussion of findings
- 5.3.3Prepositional verbs
- 5.3.3.1Semantic domains of prepositional verbs
- 5.3.3.2Register distribution of prepositional verbs
- CORPUS FINDING
- discussion of findings
- 5.3.3.3The most common prepositional verbs
- discussion of findings
- 5.3.3.4Productivity of particular verbs and prepositions
- corpus findings
- discussion of findings
- 5.3.4Phrasal-prepositional verbs
- 5.3.4.1Register distribution of phrasal-prepositional verbs
- corpus findings
- discussion of findings
- 5.3.4.2The most common phrasal-prepositional verbs
- corpus findings
- discussion of findings
- 5.3.4.1Register distribution of phrasal-prepositional verbs
- 5.3.5Other multi-word verb constructions
- 5.3.1Features distinguishing multi-word verb combinations
- 5.4Main and auxiliary functions of primary verbs
- 5.4.1Be
- 5.4.2Have
- 5.4.3Do
- 5.4.3.1Main verb do in idiomatic expressions
- 5.4.3.2 Do as pro-verb
- 5.4.3.3Register distribution of main verb and pro-verb do
- corpus findings
- discussion of findings
- 5.4.3.4Auxiliary do in emphatic function
- 5.4.3.5Lexical associations of emphatic do
- corpus findings
- discussion of findings
- 5.4.3.6Auxiliary do-support in negatives and interrogatives
- 5.5Copular verbs
- 5.5.1Verbs functioning as copulas
- 5.5.2Complements of copular verbs
- 5.5.3Register distribution of copular verbs and common predicative
adjectives
- corpus findings
- discussion of findings
- 5.5.3.1Current (non-sensory) copular verbs
- 5.5.3.2Sensory copular verbs
- 5.5.3.3Resulting copular verbs
- 5.5.4Valency patterns of the copulas be, seem, and
appear
- 5.5.4.1Complement types with be, seem, and
appear
- corpus findings
- discussion of findings
- 5.5.4.2Subject and complement types with be
- corpus findings
- discussion of findings
- 5.5.4.1Complement types with be, seem, and
appear