(1904) Studies
of a child. Pedagogical
Seminary, 11, 263–291.
Anderson, R. C., & Freebody, P.
(1983) Reading
comprehension and the assessment and acquisition of word
knowledge. Advances in Reading/Language
Research, 2, 231–256.
Babbitt, E. H.
(1907) A vocabulary test. Popular Science Monthly, 70, 378.
Banerji, N., Gupta, V., Kilgarriff, A., & Tugwell, D.
(2012) Oxford
Children’s Corpus: A Corpus of Children’s Writing, Reading, and
Education. [URL].
Barry, C. L., Horst, S. J., Finney, S. J., Brown, A. R., & Kopp, J. P.
(2010) Do
examinees have similar test-taking effort? A high-stakes question for
low-stakes testing. International Journal of
Testing, 10(4), 342–363.
Bauer, L., & Nation, I. S. P.
(1993) Word
families. International Journal of
Lexicography, 6(4), 253–279.
Beglar, D.
(2010) A
Rasch-based validation of the Vocabulary Size
Test. Language
Testing, 27(1), 101–118.
Biemiller, A.
(2005) Size
and sequence in vocabulary
development. In E. H. Hiebert & M. L. Kamil (Eds.), Teaching
and learning vocabulary: Bringing research into
practice (pp. 223–242). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Biemiller, A.
(2010) Words
worth teaching: Closing the vocabulary
gap. Columbus, OH: McGraw-Hill.
Biemiller, A., & Boote, C.
(2006) An
effective method for building meaning vocabulary in primary
grades. Journal of Educational
Psychology, 98, 44–62.
Biemiller, A., & Slonim, N.
(2001) Estimating
root word vocabulary growth in normative and advantaged populations:
Evidence for a common sequence of vocabulary
acquisition. Journal of Educational
Psychology, 93(3), 498–520.
Bock, C.
(1948) Prefixes
and suffixes. Classical
Journal, 44, 132–133.
Bohn, W. E.
(1914) First
steps in verbal expression. Pedagogical
Seminary, 21, 579–595.
Bonser, F. G., Burch, L. H., & Turner, M. R.
(1915) Vocabulary tests as measures of school efficiency, School and Society, 2, 713–718.
Bowles, R. P., & Salthouse, T. A.
(2008) Vocabulary
test format and differential relations to
age. Psychology and
Aging, 23(2), 366–376.
Brandenburg, G. C.
(1914) The
language of a three-year-old
child. Pedagogical
Seminary, 22, 89–120.
Brandenburg, G. C.
(1918) Psychological
aspects of language. Journal of Educational
Psychology, 9, 313–332.
Brandenburg, G. C., & Brandenburg, J.
(1919) Language
development during the fourth year: the
conversation. Pedagogical
Seminary, 26(1), 27–40.
Brown, P., & Gaskins, S.
(2014) Language
acquisition and language
socialization. In N. J. Enfield, P. Kockelman, & J. Sidnell (Eds.), Cambridge
handbook of linguistic
anthropology (pp. 187–226). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Bryan, F. E.
(1953) How
large are children’s vocabularies?Elementary
School
Journal, 54, 210–216.
Brysbaert, M., Mandera, P., McCormick, S. F., & Keuleers, E.
(2019) Word
prevalence norms for 62,000 English
lemmas. Behavior Research
Methods, 51(2), 467–479.
Brysbaert, M., & New, B.
(2009) Moving
beyond Kucera and Francis: A critical evaluation of current word frequency
norms and the introduction of a new and improved word frequency measure for
American English. Behavior Research
Methods, 41(4), 977–990.
Brysbaert, M., Stevens, M., Mandera, P., & Keuleers, E.
(2016) How
many words do we know? Practical estimates of vocabulary size dependent on
word definition, the degree of language input and the participant’s
age. Frontiers in
Psychology, 7, 1116.
Bush, A.
(1914) The
vocabulary of a three-year-old
girl. Pedagogical
Seminary, 21, 125–142.
Carlo, M. S., August, D., McLaughlin, B., Snow, C. E., Dressler, C., Lippman, D. N., … White, C. E.
(2004) Closing
the gap: Addressing the vocabulary needs of English-language learners in
bilingual and mainstream classrooms. Reading
Research
Quarterly, 39(2), 188–215.
Carroll, J. B., Davies, P., & Richman, B.
(1971) The
American heritage word frequency book. New York, NY: American Heritage Publishing Co.
Cartmill, E., Armstrong, B. F., Gleitman, L. R., Goldin-Meadow, S., Medinac, T. N., & Trueswell, J. C.
(2013) Quality
of early parent input predicts child vocabulary 3 years
later. Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences
(PNAS), 110, 11278–11283.
Chall, J. S.
(1987) Two
vocabularies for reading: Recognition and
meaning. In M. McKeown & M. Curtis (Eds.), The
nature of vocabulary
acquisition (pp. 7–17). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
(2020) The
impact of penalties for wrong answers on the gender gap in test
scores. Proceedings of the National Academy
of Sciences
(PNAS), 117(16), 8794–8803.
Coxhead, A.
(2004) Using
a class vocabulary box: How, why, when, where and
who. Guidelines, 26(2), 19–23.
Coxhead, A., & Bytheway, J.
(2015) Learning
vocabulary using two massive online resources: You will not
blink. In D. Nunan & J. Richards (Eds.) Learning
beyond the
classroom (pp. 65–74). New York, NY: Routledge.
Coxhead, A., McLaughlin, E., & Reid, A.
(2019) The
development and application of a specialised word list: The case of
fabrication. Journal of Vocational Education
&
Training, 71(2), 175–200.
Coxhead, A., Nation, I. S. P., & Sim, D.
(2014) Creating
and trialling six forms of the Vocabulary Size
Test. TESOLANZ
Journal, 22, 13–26.
Coxhead, A., Nation, P., & Sim, D.
(2015) The
vocabulary size of native speakers of English in New Zealand secondary
schools. New Zealand Journal of Educational
Studies, 50(1), 121–135.
Coxhead, A., Nation, P., Woods, L., & Sim, D.
(2018) Group
vs. individual: How administration procedure can affect vocabulary test
scores. New Zealand Studies in Applied
Linguistics, 24(2), 24–41.
Craig, H.
(2011) Shakespeare’s vocabulary: Myth and reality. Shakespeare Quarterly, 62(1), 53–74.
Dale, E.
(1931) Evaluating
Thorndike’s word list. Educational Research
Bulletin, 10(17), 451–457.
Dale, E., & O’Rourke, J.
(1981) The
living word vocabulary. Chicago, IL: World Book-Childcraft International.
Dale, E., & O’Rourke, J.
(1976) The
living word vocabulary. Chicago, IL: Field Enterprises Educational Corporation.
(2020) Evaluating
lists of high-frequency words: Teachers’ and learners’
perspectives. Language Teaching
Research, 1–25.
D’Anna, C. A., Zechmeister, E. B., & Hall, J. W.
(1991) Toward
a meaningful definition of vocabulary
size. Journal of Reading Behavior: A Journal
of
Literacy, 23(1), 109–122.
Daulton, F. E.
(2008) Japan’s
built-in lexicon of English-based
loanwords. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
Deckner, D. F., Adamson, L. B., & Bakeman, R.
(2006) Child
and maternal contributions to shared reading: Effects on language and
literacy development. Journal of Applied
Developmental
Psychology, 27, 31–41.
Diack, H.
(1975a) Standard
literacy tests. St. Albans: Hart-Davis Educational.
Diack, H.
(1975b) Test
your own word power. St. Albans: Paladin.
Dickinson, D. K., & Porche, M. V.
(2011) Relation
between language experiences in preschool classrooms and children’s
kindergarten and fourth-grade language and reading
abilities. Child
Development, 82(3), 870–886.
Diller, K. C.
(1978) The
language teaching controversy. Rowley, MA: Newbury House.
Dolby, J. L., & Resnikoff, H. L.
(1967) The
English word speculum. The Hague: Mouton.
Doran, E. W.
(1907) A study of vocabularies. Pedagogical Seminary, 14(4), 401–438.
Dowdall, N., Melendez-Torres, G. J., Murray, L., Gardner, F., Hartford, L., & Cooper, P. J.
(2020) Shared
picture book reading interventions for child language development: A
systematic review and meta-analysis. Child
Development, 91(2), e383–e399.
Duff, D., & Brydon, M.
(2020) Estimates of individual differences in vocabulary size in English: how many words are needed to ‘close the vocabulary gap’?Journal of Research in Reading, 43(4), 454–481.
Dunn, L. M.
(1965) Peabody
Picture Vocabulary Test. Minnesota, MN: American Guidance Service.
Dupuy, H. J.
(1974) The
rationale, development and standardization of a basic word vocabulary
test. Washington, DC: US Govt Printing Office.
Elgort, I., & Coxhead, A.
(2016) An
introduction to the Vocabulary Size Test: Description, application and
evaluation. In J. Fox & V. Aryadoust (Eds.), Trends
in language assessment research and
practice (pp. 286–301). Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars.
Elgort, I., Brysbaert, M., Stevens, M., & Van Asche, E.
(2018) Contextual
word learning during reading in a second language: An eye- movement
study. Studies in Second Language
Acquisition, 40(2), 341–366.
Elley, W. B.
(1989) Vocabulary
acquisition from listening to
stories. Reading Research
Quarterly, 24(2), 174–187.
Eyckmans, J.
(2004) Measuring
receptive vocabulary
size. Utrecht: Netherlands Graduate School of Linguistics.
Farkas, G., & Beron, K.
(2004) The
detailed age trajectory of oral vocabulary knowledge: Differences by class
and race. Social Science
Research, 33, 464–497.
Fernald, A., Marchman, V. A., & Weisleder, A.
(2013) SES
differences in language processing skill and vocabulary are evident at 18
months. Developmental
Science, 16(2), 234–248.
Francis, W. N., & Kucera, H.
(1982) Frequency
analysis of English usage. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Company.
Funk &
Wagnall
(1937) New standard
dictionary of the English language. New York, NY: Funk & Wagnall.
Gale, M. C., & Gale, H.
(1902) The
vocabularies of three children in one family at two and three years of
age. Pedagogical
Seminary, 9, 422–435.
Gathercole, S. E., & Baddeley, A. D.
(1993) Working
memory and language. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Gerlach, F. M.
(1917) Vocabulary
studies. Studies in education and
psychology, 1. Colorado Springs, CO: Colorado College.
Golinkoff, R. M., Hoff, E., Rowe, M. L., & Hirsh-Pasek, K.
(2019) Language
matters: Denying the existence of the 30-million-word gap has serious
consequences. Child
Development, 90(3), 985–992.
Goulden, R., Nation, P., & Read, J.
(1990) How
large can a receptive vocabulary be?Applied
Linguistics, 11(4), 341–363.
Grant, L., & Nation, I. S. P.
(2006) How
many idioms are there in English?ITL –
International Journal of Applied
Linguistics, 151, 1–14.
Grasby, K. L., Coventry, W. L., Byrne, B., & Olson, R. K.
(2019) Little
evidence that socio-economic status modifies heritability of literacy and
numeracy in Australia. Child
Development, 90(2), 623–637.
Gyllstad, H., Vilkaite, L., & Schmitt, N.
(2015) Assessing
vocabulary size through multiple-choice formats: Issues with guessing and
sampling rates. International Journal of
Applied
Linguistics, 166(2), 276–303.
Hart, B., & Risley, T. R.
(1995) Meaningful
differences in the everyday experience of young American
children. Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes.
van Hees, J., & Nation, I. S. P.
(2017) What
every primary school teacher should know about
vocabulary? Wellington: NZCER Press.
Heilig, M. R.
(1913) A
child’s vocabulary. Pedagogical
Seminary, 20, 1–16.
Heilmann, J., Weismer, S. E., Evans, J., & Hollar, C.
(2005) Utility
of the MacArthur–Bates Communicative Development Inventory in identifying
language abilities of late-talking and typically developing
toddlers. American Journal of Speech-Language
Pathology, 14(1), 40–51.
Herdan, G.
(1960) Type-token
mathematics: A textbook of mathematical
linguistics. The Hague: Mouton.
(2003) The
specificity of environmental influence: Socio-economic status affects early
vocabulary development. Child
Development, 74(5), 1368–1378.
Hoff, E.
(2006) How
social contexts support and shape language
development. Developmental
Review, 26(1), 55–88.
Hoff, E.
(2013) Interpreting
the early language trajectories of children from low-SES and language
minority homes: Implications for closing achievement
gaps. Developmental
Psychology, 49(1), 4–4.
Hoff, E., & Naigles, L.
(2002) How
children use input to acquire a
lexicon. Child
Development, 73(2), 418–433.
Holden, E. S.
(1875) On
the number of words used in speaking and
writing. Bulletin of the Philosophical
Society of
Washington, 2, 16–21, 28.
Holley, C. E.
(1919) First Annual Report of the Bureau of Educational Research, University of Illinois.
Huibregtse, I., Admiraal, W., & Meara, P.
(2002) Scores
on a yes–no vocabulary test: Correction for guessing and response
style. Language
Testing, 19, 227–245.
Hurtado, N., Marchman, V. A., & Fernald, A.
(2008) Does
input influence uptake? Links between maternal talk, processing speed and
vocabulary size in Spanish-learning
children. Developmental
Science, 11(6), F31–F36.
Huttenlocher, J., Haight, W., Bryk, A., Seltzer, M., & Lyons, T.
(1991) Early
vocabulary growth: Relation to language input and
gender. Developmental
Psychology, 27(2), 236–248.
Joe, A.
(1998) What
effects do text-based tasks promoting generation have on incidental
vocabulary acquisition?Applied
Linguistics, 19(3), 357–377.
Jones, G., & Rowland, C. F.
(2017) Diversity
not quantity in caregiver speech: Using computational modeling to isolate
the effects of the quantity and the diversity of the input on vocabulary
growth. Cognitive
Psychology, 98, 1–21.
Keuleers, E., & Brysbaert, M.
(2010) Wuggy:
A multilingual pseudoword generator. Behavior
Research
Methods, 42(3), 627–633.
Keuleers, E., Stevens, M., Mandera, P., & Brysbaert, M.
(2015) Word
knowledge in the crowd: Measuring vocabulary size and word prevalence in a
massive online experiment. The Quarterly
Journal of Experimental
Psychology, 68(8), 1665–1692.
Kirkpatrick, E. A.
(1891) Number
of words in an ordinary
vocabulary. Science, 18, 446, 107–108.
Kirkpatrick, E. A.
(1907) A vocabulary test. Popular Science Monthly, 70, 157–164.
König, J., Calude, A., & Coxhead, A.
(2019) Using character-grams to automatically generate pseudowords and how to evaluate them. Applied Linguistics. First view, 0/0: 1–24.
Kremmel, B., & Schmitt, N.
(2016) What
do various item formats tell us about learners’ ability to employ words?
Interpreting vocabulary test scores. Language
Assessment
Quarterly, 13(4), 377–392.
Labov, W.
(1973) The
logic of non-standard
English. In N. Keddie (Ed.), Tinker,
tailor … The myth of cultural
deprivation (pp. 21–66). Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.
Langenbeck, M.
(1914) A
study of a five-year-old child. Pedagogical
Seminary, 22, 65–88.
Larson, M.
(2019) Estimating
the vocabulary sizes of learners around the
world. Presentation
at IALLT 2019 (International Association for
Language Learning Technology), Eugene,
Oregon. [URL]
Laufer, B., Elder, C., Hill, K., & Congdon, P.
(2004) Size
and strength: Do we need both to measure vocabulary
knowledge?Language
Testing, 21(2), 202–226.
Laufer, B., & Goldstein, Z.
(2004) Testing
vocabulary knowledge: Size, strength, and computer
adaptiveness. Language
Learning, 54(3), 399–436.
Lemhöfer, K., & Broersma, M.
(2012) Introducing
LexTALE: A quick and valid Lexical Test for Advanced Learners of
English. Behavior Research
Methods, 44(2), 325–343.
(2015) The
effects of motivational instruction on college students’ performance on
low-stakes assessment. Educational
Assessment, 20(1), 79–94.
Lonigan, C. J., & Milburn, T. F.
(2017) Identifying
the dimensionality of oral language skills of children with typical
development in preschool through fifth
grade. Journal of Speech, Language, and
Hearing
Research, 60, 2185–2198.
Lorge, I., & Chall, J.
(1963) Estimating
the size of vocabularies of children and adults: an analysis of
methodological issues. Journal of
Experimental
Education, 32, l47–l57.
Macalister, J., & Nation, I. S. P.
(2020) Language curriculum design. New York, NY: Routledge.
Mancilla-Martinez, J., Pan, B. A., & Vagh, S. B.
(2011) Assessing
the productive vocabulary of Spanish-English bilingual toddlers from
low-income families. Applied
Psycholinguistics, 32(2), 333–357.
Mastin, J. D., & Vogt, P.
(2016) Infant
engagement and early vocabulary development: A naturalistic observation
study of Mozambican infants from 1;1 to
2;1. Journal of Child
Language, 43, 235–264.
Mateer, F.
(1908) The
vocabulary of a four year old
boy. Pedagogical
Seminary, 15, 63–74.
McDonald, K., & Asaba, M.
(2015) ‘‘I
Don’t Know’’ use and guessing on the bilingual Japanese Vocabulary Size
Test: A preliminary report. Vocabulary
Learning and
Instruction, 4(1), 16–25.
Meara, P., & Jones, G.
(1987) Tests
of vocabulary size in English as a foreign
language. Polyglot, 8, (Fiche
1).
Mochida, A., & Harrington, M.
(2006) The
Yes/No test as a measure of receptive vocabulary
knowledge. Language
Testing, 23(1), 73–98.
Mol, S., Bus, A., de Jong, M., & Smeets, D.
(2008) Added
value of dialogic parent-child book readings: A
meta-analysis. Early Education and
Development, 19(1), 7–26.
Nagy, W. E., & Anderson, R. C.
(1984) How
many words are there in printed school
English?Reading Research
Quarterly, 19, 304–330.
Nagy, W. E., Herman, P., & Anderson, R. C.
(1985) Learning
words from context. Reading Research
Quarterly, 20(2), 233–253.
Nation, I. S. P.
(1993) Using dictionaries to estimate vocabulary size: essential, but rarely followed, procedures. Language Testing, 10(1), 27–40.
Nation, I. S. P.
(2000) Learning
vocabulary in lexical sets: dangers and
guidelines. TESOL
Journal, 9(2), 6–10.
Nation, I. S. P.
(2006) How
large a vocabulary is needed for reading and
listening?Canadian Modern Language
Review, 63(1), 59–82.
Nation, I. S. P.
(2007a) The
four strands. Innovation in Language Learning
and
Teaching, 1(1), 1–12.
Nation, I. S. P.
(2007b) Fundamental
issues in modelling and assessing vocabulary
knowledge. In H. Daller, J. Milton, & J. Treffers-Daller (Eds.), Modelling
and assessing vocabulary
knowledge (pp. 35–43). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Nation, I. S. P.
(2013) Learning
vocabulary in another language (2nd
ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
(2016) Measuring
vocabulary
size. In E. Hinkel (Ed.), Handbook
of research in second language teaching and
learning, Vol. III. New York, NY: Routledge.
Nation, I. S. P., & Beglar, D.
(2007) A
vocabulary size test. The Language
Teacher, 31(7), 9–13.
Nation, I. S. P., & Crabbe, D.
(1991) A
survival language learning syllabus for foreign
travel. System, 19(3), 191–201.
Nation, I. S. P., & Macalister, J.
(2021) Teaching
ESL/EFL reading and writing. New York, NY: Routledge.
Nation, I. S. P., & Webb, S.
(2011) Researching
and analyzing vocabulary. Boston, MA: Heinle Cengage Learning.
Neher, H. L.
(1918) Measuring the vocabulary of high school pupils. School and Society, 8, 355–359.
Nguyen, L. T. C., & Nation, I. S. P.
(2011) A
bilingual vocabulary size test of English for Vietnamese
learners. RELC
Journal, 42(1), 86–99.
O’Neil, A. F., Abedi, J., Miyoshi, J., & Mastergeorge, A.
(2005) Monetary
incentives for low-stakes tests. Educational
Assessment, 10(3), 185–208.
Pan, B. A., Rowe, M. L., Singer, J. D., & Snow, C. E.
(2005) Maternal
correlates of growth in toddler vocabulary production in low-income
families. Child
Development, 76(4), 763–782.
Parent, K.
(2012) The
most frequent English homonyms. RELC
Journal, 43(1), 69–81.
Paul, P. V., Stallman, A. C., & O’Rourke, J. P.
(1990) Using
three test formats to assess good and poor readers’ word
knowledge. Technical Report No. 509 Center
for the Study of Reading, University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign.
Pellicer-Sanchez, A., & Schmitt, N.
(2012) Scoring
Yes-No vocabulary tests: Reaction time vs non-word
approaches. Language
Testing, 29(4), 489–509.
Pelsma, J. R.
(1914) A
child’s vocabulary and its
development. Pedagogical
Seminary, 17, 329–369.
Pollard-Durodola, S. D., Gonzalez, J. E., Simmons, D. C., Kwok, O., Taylor, A. B., Davis, M. J., … Simmons, L.
(2011) The
effects of an intensive shared book-reading intervention for preschool
children at risk for vocabulary
delay. Exceptional
Children, 77(2), 161–181.
Quero, B.
(2015) Estimating
the vocabulary size of L1 Spanish ESP learners and the vocabulary load of
medical textbooks (Unpublished doctoral
dissertation), Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand.
Read, J.
(2000) Assessing
vocabulary. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Richards, B. J., & Malvern, D. D.
(1997) Quantifying
lexical diversity in the study of language
development. Reading: University of Reading.
Rosenthal, R.
(1987) Judgement
studies: Design, analysis, and
meta-analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Rowe, E. C., & Rowe, H.
(1913) The
vocabulary of a child at four and six years of
age. Pedagogical
Seminary, 20, 187–208.
Rowe, M. L.
(2012) A
longitudinal investigation of the role of quantity and quality of
child-directed speech in vocabulary
development. Child
Development, 83(3), 1762–1774.
Rowe, M. L.
(2018) Understanding
socio-economic differences in parents’ speech to
children. Child Development
Perspectives, 12(2), 122–127.
Rowe, M. L., & Goldin-Meadow, S.
(2009) Differences
in early gesture explain SES disparities in child vocabulary size at school
entry. Science, 323, 951–953.
Rowe, M. L., Raudenbush, S. W., & Goldin-Meadow, S.
(2012) The
pace of vocabulary growth helps predict later vocabulary
skill. Child
Development, 82(3), 508–525.
Schmitt, N.
(2019) Understanding
vocabulary acquisition, instruction, and assessment: A research
agenda. Language
Teaching, 52, 261–274.
Schmitt, N.
(2010) Researching
vocabulary: A vocabulary research
manual. Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan.
Schmitt, N., & Schmitt, D.
(2014) A
reassessment of frequency and vocabulary size in L2 vocabulary
teaching. Language
Teaching, 47(4), 484–503.
Schmitt, N., Schmitt, D., & Clapham, C.
(2001) Developing
and exploring the behaviour of two new versions of the Vocabulary Levels
Test. Language
Testing 18(1), 55–88.
Scott, J. A., & Nagy, W. E.
(2004) Developing
word
consciousness. In J. F. Baumann & E. J. Kame’enui (Eds.), Vocabulary
instruction: Research to
practice (pp. 201–217). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Seashore, R. H., & Eckerson, L. D.
(1940) The
measurement of individual differences in general English
vocabularies. Journal of Educational
Psychology, 3l, l4–38.
Segal, C.
(2012) Working
when no one is watching: Motivation, test scores, and economic
success. Management
Science, 58(8), 1438–1457.
Senechal, M., Pagan, S., Lever, R., & Ouellette, G. P.
(2008) Relations
among the frequency of shared reading and 4-year-old children’s vocabulary,
morphological and syntax comprehension, and narrative
skills. Early Education and
Development, 19(1), 27–44.
Shneidman, L. J., Arroyo, M. E., Levine, S. C., & Goldin-Meadow, S.
(2013) What
counts as effective input for word
learning?Journal of Child
Language, 40, 672–686.
Schmitt, N.
(2019) Understanding
vocabulary acquisition, instruction, and assessment: A research
agenda. Language
Teaching, 52, 261–274.
Schmitt, N., & Schmitt, D.
(2014) A
reassessment of frequency and vocabulary size in L2 vocabulary
teaching. Language
Teaching, 47(4), 484–503.
Singer, T., Verhaeghen, P., Ghisletta, P., Lindenberger, U., & Baltes, P. B.
(2003) The
fate of cognition in very old age: Six-year longitudinal findings in the
Berlin Aging Study (BASE). Psychology and
Aging, 18(2), 318–331.
Sorell, C. J.
(2012) Zipf’s
law and
vocabulary. In C. A. Chapelle (Ed.), Encyclopaedia
of applied
linguistics. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
Sperry, D. E., Sperry, L. L., & Miller, P. J.
(2019a) Language
does matter: But there is more to language than vocabulary and directed
speech. Child
Development, 90(3), 993–997.
Sperry, D. E., Sperry, L. L., & Miller, P. J.
(2019b) Reexamining
the verbal environments of children from different socio-economic
backgrounds. Child
Development, 90(4), 1303–1318.
Stauffer, R. G.
(1942) A
study of prefixes in the Thorndike list to establish a list of prefixes that
that should be taught in elementary
school. Journal of Educational
Research, 35, 453–458.
Stewart, J.
(2014) Do
multiple-choice options inflate estimates of vocabulary size on the
VST?Language Assessment
Quarterly, 11(3), 271–282.
Stoeckel, T., Bennett, P., & McLean, S.
(2016) Is
“I don’t know” a viable answer choice on the Vocabulary Size
Test?TESOL
Quarterly, 50(4), 965–975.
Stoeckel, T., McLean, S., & Nation, I. S. P.
(2020) Limitations
of size and levels tests of written receptive vocabulary
knowledge. Studies in Second Language
Acquisition, 1–20.
(2019) The
relationship of four variants of the Vocabulary Size Test to a criterion
measure of meaning recall vocabulary
knowledge. System, 87, 1–14.
Stubbe, R.
(2012) Do
pseudoword false alarm rates and overestimation rates in Yes/No vocabulary
tests change with Japanese university students’ English ability
levels?Language
Testing, 29(4), 471–488.
Stubbe, R., & Stewart, J.
(2012) Optimizing
scoring formulas for Yes/No vocabulary tests with linear
models. Shiken Research
Bulletin, 16(2), 2–7.
Suskind, D. L., Leffel, K. R., Graf, E., Hernandez, M. W., Gunderson, E. A., Sapolich, S. G., … Levine, S. C.
(2016) A
parent-directed language intervention for children of low socio-economic
status: A randomized controlled pilot
study. Journal of Child
Language, 43, 366–406.
Sutarsyah, C., Nation, P., & Kennedy, G.
(1994) How
useful is EAP vocabulary for ESP? A corpus based
study. RELC
Journal, 25(2), 34–50.
Tegge, F.
(2017) The
lexical coverage of popular songs in English language
teaching. System, 67, 87–98.
Terman, L. M.
(1916) The Measurement of Intelligence. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin.
Thorndike, E. L.
(1921a) The
teacher’s word book. New York, NY: Teachers College Columbia University.
Thorndike, E. L.
(1921b) Word knowledge in the elementary school. Teachers College Record, 22, 334–370.
Thorndike, E. L.
(1924) The
vocabularies of school
pupils. In J. Carelton Bell (Ed.), Contributions
to
Education (pp. 69–76). New York, NY: World Book Co.
Thorndike, E. L., & Lorge, I.
(1944) The
teacher’s word book of 30,000 words. New York, NY: Teachers College Columbia University.
Tyler, A., & Nagy, W.
(1989) The
acquisition of English derivational
morphology. Journal of Memory and
Language, 28, 649–667.
Uhrbrock, R. S.
(1935) The
vocabulary of a five-year-old. Educational
Research
Bulletin, 14(44), 85–97.
Verhaeghen, P.
(2003) Aging
and vocabulary scores: A
meta-analysis. Psychology and
Aging, 18(2), 332–339.
Waring, R., & Takaki, M.
(2003) At
what rate do learners learn and retain new vocabulary from reading a graded
reader?Reading in a Foreign
Language, 15(2), 130–163.
(2013) The
word part technique: A very useful vocabulary teaching
technique. Modern English
Teacher, 22(1), 12–16.
Weisleder, A., & Fernald, A.
(2013) Talking
to children matters: Early language experience strengthens processing and
builds vocabulary. Psychological
Science, 24(11), 2143–2152.
West, M.
(1955) A
general service list of English
words. London: Longman.
Whipple, G. M., & Whipple, M.
(1909) The
vocabulary of a three-year-old boy with some interpretive
comments. Pedagogical
Seminary, 16(1), 1–22.
White, T. G., Power, M. A., & White, S.
(1989) Morphological
analysis: Implications for teaching and understanding vocabulary
growth. Reading Research
Quarterly 24, 283–304.
Wigfield, A., & Eccles, J.
(2000) Expectancy-value
theory of achievement
motivation. Contemporary Educational
Psychology, 25, 68–81.
de Wilde, V., Brysbaert, M., & Eyckmans, J.
(2019) Learning
English through out-of-school exposure. Which levels of language proficiency
are attained and which types of input are
important?Bilingualism: Language and
Cognition, 23, 171–185.
Willard, A. I., Busch, J. T. A., Cullum, K. A., Letourneau, S. M., Sobel, D. M., Callanan, M., & Legare, C. H.
(2019) Explain
this, explore that: A study of parent–child interaction in a children’s
museum. Child
Development, 90(5), e598–e617.
Williams, H. M.
(1932) Some
problems of sampling in vocabulary
tests. Journal of Experimental
Education, 1, l3l–l33.
Wise, S. L., & DeMars, C. E.
(2010) Examinee
noneffort and the validity of program assessment
results. Educational
Assessment, 15(1), 27–41.
Wise, S. L., & DeMars, C. E.
(2005) Low
examinee effort in low-stakes assessment: Problems and potential
solutions. Educational
Assessment, 10(1), 1–17.
Zhang, X.
(2013) The
‘I Don’t Know’ option in the Vocabulary Size
Test. TESOL
Quarterly, 47, 790–811.