Index

• a few 99

• a great deal of 99

• a great many 99

• a lot of 99

• abstract noun89

• active sentence 56, 72, 74

• active voice56

• actor72

• adjective 77, 92, 183

• adjective clause subordinator105

• adjective clause 38, 105

• adjective phrase 118, 119, 136, 137, 179

• adverb 92, 94

• adverb clause subordinator106

• adverb in multi-word verb81

• adverb phrase 118, 138, 147, 161

• adverbial 20, 30, 162

• agent 64, 72, 213

• appear 25

• article 99, 114

• assume 27

• attribute 18, 20

• aux135

• auxiliary verb47

• base form 51, 61

• basic verb forms 50, 51

• be 24, 53, 60, 61

• become 25

• being pattern24

• believe 75

• benefactive object 20, 25

• call 27

• can 55, 62

• cardinal numeral99

• central modal 55, 62

• certify 27

• classifying genitive122

• clause 33, 151

• cleft constructions170

• closed word class88

• coherence215

• come 62

• comma 102, 126, 203

• comma splice 102, 200

• common noun89

• communicative function16

• comparative form92

• complement23

• complement of preposition140

• complex sentence 36, 176, 210

• complex transitive verb 27, 67, 73, 83, 165

• complex verb phrase46

• compound object101

• compound sentence 34, 101, 176

• compound subject101

• compound-complex sentence 41, 176

• concerning 115, 140

• concrete noun89

• conjunction101

• conjunctive adverb 36, 93, 102, 115, 201

• connectors 101, 114

• consider 27

• constituent 20, 22, 45

• conventionalized passive construction 77, 84, 165

• coordinate conjunction 35, 101, 199

• coordinator 35, 101, 176, 200

• copula verb 25, 65

• correlative conjunction 35, 101

• could 55, 62

• count noun89

• crown 27

• dangling modifier201

• dare 55, 62

• declarative15

• declare 27

• deem 27

• demonstrative pronoun97

• dependent clause 36, 151

• dependent pronoun 95, 121

• determiner 96, 100, 121, 122, 178

• direct object 20, 69

• direct quotation154

• direct quotation as direct object154

• discontinuous modifier of adjectives136

• discontinuous modifier of adverb138

• ditransitive verb 25, 67, 73, 165

• do 57, 60, 62

• doing/seeing pattern 25, 65

• each other 98

• elect 27

• ellipsis167

• ellipsis in relative clauses132

• end focus principle215

• end weighted sentence212

• exclamatory15

• existential construction169

• extraposed construction 160, 166

• extraposed object160

• extraposed subject160

• extraposition 160, 166

• feel 25, 157

• finite adverb clause162

• finite clause 69, 153

• finite dependent clause153

• finite verb 48, 152, 176, 185

• finite verb forms48

• force 70

• fragment199

• front-weighted sentence211

• function 20, 45, 87, 117

• functions of phrases142

• get 62

• giving/buying pattern25

• go 62

• grow 25

• have 54, 60, 62, 157

• head 117, 178

• hear 157

• help 157

• helping verb47

• how(ever) 154

• idiomatic noun preposition verb81

• imperative16

• indefinite pronoun98

• independent clause 35, 151

• independent pronoun129

• indirect object 20, 26

• indirect quotation154

• indirect quotation as direct object154

• interjection111

• interrogative16

• interrogative adverb 92, 104, 114

• interrogative pronoun 97, 113, 173

• intransitive verb 24, 65, 83

• irregular verb51

• it’s/its 96

• keep on 62

• let 157

• lexical verb 47, 64

• look 25

• main clause 34, 150, 173

• main verb47

• make 25, 27, 157

• making/considering pattern 27, 67

• many a 99

• marginal modal55

• mass noun89

• may 55, 62

• might 55, 62

• modal auxiliary55

• modals 55, 62

• modify92

• monotransitive verb 25, 67, 73

• mood (grammatical) 56, 60, 62

• multi-word verb80

• multi-word preposition109

• must 55, 62

• name 27

• need 55, 62

• non-canonical construction150

• non-count noun89

• non-finite clause(s) 70, 74, 91, 155

• non-finite adverb clause162

• non-finite dependent clause176

• non-finite noun clause153

• non-finite verb50

• non-restrictive postmodifiers125

• notice 157

• noun clause153

• noun clause subordinator104

• noun phrase119

• nouns88

• number (grammatical)49

• numeral 99, 113

• object attribute20

• observe 157

• one another 98

• open word class112

• order 71

• ordering of auxiliary verbs58

• ordinal numeral99

• ought to 55, 62

• parallel structures 102, 214

• participants17

• passive auxiliary72

• passive be 56, 63

• passive construction 72, 164

• passive sentence 57, 165

• passive voice57

• past participle50

• past participle as adjective77

• past tense48

• patient72

• perfect have 54, 59

• person (grammatical)48

• personal pronoun96

• phrasal prepositional verb81

• phrasal verb81

• phrase 43, 69, 86, 117, 152, 13

• phrase constituents142

• plain infinitive 50, 157

• possessive pronoun96

• postmodifiers of nouns 119, 124, 180

• predicate22

• predicator23

• premodifier179

• premodifiers of nouns 119, 179

• preposition in multi-word verb81

• prepositional phrase 118, 141

• prepositional verb81

• preposition 108, 115

• present participle 50, 53, 61

• present tense48

• process18

• progressive be 53, 59

• pronoun 95, 113

• proper noun89

• prototypical sentence patterns23

• prove 25, 27

• pseudo-cleft construction171

• punctuation of compound structures 203, 207

• punctuation of dependent structures203

• punctuation of sentence/clause constituents203

• punctuation of postmodifiers204

• quantifier98

• realization 45, 87, 118

• reciprocal pronoun98

• redundancy210

• reflexive pronoun98

• regard 27

• regular verb51

• relative adverb 93, 105

• relative clause subordinator105

• relative clause 38, 105, 151

• relative pronoun 96, 105, 129

• remain 25

• restrictive postmodifier125

• run-on sentence199

• running pattern24

• see 75, 157

• seem 25

• semi-colon 35, 199

• semi-modal 56, 76

• sentence 33, 150, 173

• sentence adverbs93

• sentence constituents31

• setting 18, 20

• shall 55, 62

• should 55, 62

• simple sentence 34, 176

• simple verb phrase46

• smell 25

• so 99

• sound 25

• specifying genitive 122, 178

• specifying modifier125

• start 62

• statement153

• subject 20, 45

• subject attribute 20, 24, 45

• subordinate clause34

• subordinating conjunction 104, 105

• subordinator 36, 97, 104, 154, 176

• supposed to 76, 112

• taste 25

• tell 71

• temporary object166

• temporary subject160

• tensed verb48

• that 96, 151, 153

• there 169

• to be 74

• to be able to 56, 62

• to be allowed to 56, 62, 76

• to be believed to 62

• to be forced to 62

• to have to 56, 62

• to infinitive 50, 155, 157

• to seem to 62

• to want to 56, 62

• transitive verb 65, 164

• transitive verbs and passive sentences 73, 164

• turn 25

• used to 55, 62

• varieties15

• verb phrase 45, 118, 135

• verbs91

• what(ever) 154

• when(ever) 154

• where(ever) 154

• which 96

• which clause as adverbial161

• which(ever) 154

• who 96

• who(ever) 154

• whom 96

• whose 96, 129

• wh-question154

• will 55, 62

• wipe 68

• word class 86, 112

• word order29

• would 55, 62

• yes/no question154