Functionalism and Grammar
| University of Oregon
This book is Prof. Givón's long-awaited critical examination of the fundamental theoretical and methodological underpinnings of the functionalist approach to grammar. It challenges functionalists to take their own medicine and establish non-circular empirical definitions of both 'function' and 'structure'. Ideological hand-waving, however fervent and right-thinking, is seldom an adequate substitute for analytic rigor and empirical responsibility. If the reductionist extremism of the various structuralist schools is to be challenged on solid intellectual grounds, the challenge cannot itself be equally extreme in its reductionism.
The book is divided into nine chapters: 1. Prospectus, somewhat jaundiced (overview)
2. Markedness as meta-iconicity: Distributional and cognitive correlates of syntactic structure
3. The functional basis of grammatical typology
4. Modal prototypes of truth and action
5. Taking structure seriously: Constituency and the VP node
6. Taking structure seriously II: Grammatical relations and clause union
7. The distribution of grammar in text: On interpreting conditional associations
8. Coming to terms with cognition: Coherence in text vs. coherence in mind
9. On the co-evolution of language, mind and brain.
[Not in series, 74] 1995. xvii, 486 pp.
Publishing status: Available
© John Benjamins Publishing Company
Table of Contents
|
Preface
|
xvii
|
|
1. Prospectus, somewhat jaundiced
|
1
|
|
2. Markedness as meta-iconicity: Distributional and cognitive correlates of syntactic structure
|
25
|
|
3. The functional basis of grammatical typology
|
71
|
|
4. Modal prototypes of truth and action
|
111
|
|
5. Taking structure seriously, I: Constituency and the VP node
|
175
|
|
6. Taking structure seriously, II: Grammatical relations
|
225
|
|
7. The distribution of grammar in text: On interpreting conditional associations
|
305
|
|
8. Coming to terms with cognition: Coherence in text vs. Coherence in mind
|
341
|
|
9. On the co-evolution of language, mind and brain
|
393
|
|
Notes
|
446
|
|
Bibliography
|
449
|
|
Index
|
479
|
Cited by
Cited by other publications
No author info given
2014.
In Exploring Functional-Cognitive Space [Studies in Language Companion Series, 157],
No author info given
2015.
In Demonstratives and Possessives with Attitude [Human Cognitive Processing, 51],
No author info given
2015.
In Time and Emergence in Grammar [Studies in Language and Social Interaction, 28],
No author info given
2015. A case of cultural evolution: The emergence of morphological case.
Linguistics in the Netherlands 32 ► pp. 105 ff.
No author info given
2020.
In Coherence,
No author info given
2020.
In Coherence,
No author info given
2020.
In Coherence,
No author info given
2020.
In Coherence,
Aboitiz, Francisco & Ricardo Garcı́a V.
1997. The evolutionary origin of the language areas in the human brain. A neuroanatomical perspective.
Brain Research Reviews 25:3 ► pp. 381 ff.
Abraham, Elyse K., Elyse K. Abraham, Cristina Altman, M. Lionel Bender, Ruth M. Brend, Ruth M. Brend, Lyle Campbell, Eduardo D. Faingold, Alan S. Kaye, Alan S. Kaye, Roger Lass, Stephen Matthews, Inge Milfull, Charles Peck, Edgar C. Polomé, W. Wilfried Schuhmacher, Jyh Wee Sew, Paul Sidwell, Yuri Tambovtsev & Douglas C. Walker
1997. Reviews.
<i>WORD</i> 48:2 ► pp. 249 ff.
Allan, Keith, Julie Bradshaw, Geoffrey Finch, Kate Burridge & Georgina Heydon
2010.
In The English Language and Linguistic Companion,
► pp. 332 ff.
Anderson, Gregory D. S.
2011. Auxiliary Verb Constructions (and Other Complex Predicate Types): A Functional-Constructional Overview.
Language and Linguistics Compass 5:11 ► pp. 795 ff.
Arista, Javier Martín
2012. The Old English Prefixge-: A Panchronic Reappraisal.
Australian Journal of Linguistics 32:4 ► pp. 411 ff.
Arka, I Wayan
2005. Speech levels, social predicates and pragmatic structure in Balinese.
Pragmatics 15:2-3 ► pp. 169 ff.
Barke, Andrew
2010. Manipulating honorifics in the construction of social identities in Japanese television drama1.
Journal of Sociolinguistics 14:4 ► pp. 456 ff.
BARTOLOTTA, ANNAMARIA
2009. Root lexical features and inflectional marking of tense in Proto-Indo-European.
Journal of Linguistics 45:3 ► pp. 505 ff.
Bates, Elizabeth
1999. Processing Complex Sentences: A Cross-linguistic Study.
Language and Cognitive Processes 14:1 ► pp. 69 ff.
Bentivoglio, Paola & Mercedes Sedano
2007. The Light Subject Constraint in Spoken Spanish.
Lodz Papers in Pragmatics 3:-1
Bickerton, Derek
1996. An innate language faculty needs neither modularity nor localization.
Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19:4 ► pp. 631 ff.
Bocale, Paola
2018. The Irrealis Use of the Deictic TAM in Contemporary Russian.
Scando-Slavica 64:2 ► pp. 175 ff.
Bordag, Denisa, Amit Kirschenbaum, Andreas Opitz, Maria Rogahn & Erwin Tschirner
2016. INCIDENTAL ACQUISITION OF GRAMMATICAL FEATURES DURING READING IN L1 AND L2.
Studies in Second Language Acquisition 38:3 ► pp. 445 ff.
Breivik, Leiv Egil & Ana E. Martínez-Insua
2008. Grammaticalization, Subjectification and Non-Concord in English Existential Sentences.
English Studies 89:3 ► pp. 351 ff.
Bullinaria, John A. & Nick Chater
1996. Double dissociation, modularity, and distributed organization.
Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19:4 ► pp. 632 ff.
Bülow-Møller, Anne Marie
1996. Control from the background: a study of information structure in native and non-native discourse.
International Journal of Applied Linguistics 6:1 ► pp. 21 ff.
Campbell, Ann, Lorna Carrick & Robert Elliott
2014. A Hierarchy of Personal Agency for People With Life-Limiting Illness.
American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine® 31:6 ► pp. 594 ff.
CARRUTHERS, JANICE & ANNE LE DRAOULEC
2017. Encadrement discursif et postposition du sujet : l’éclairage des contes oraux.
Journal of French Language Studies 27:3 ► pp. 329 ff.
CHENG, WEI & AMIT ALMOR
2019. A Bayesian approach to establishing coreference in second language discourse: Evidence from implicit causality and consequentiality verbs.
Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 22:3 ► pp. 456 ff.
Clements, J. Clancy
2006.
In Functional Approaches to Spanish Syntax,
► pp. 236 ff.
Clements, J. Clancy & Jiyoung Yoon
2006.
In Functional Approaches to Spanish Syntax,
► pp. 1 ff.
Colonna, Saveria, Michel Charolles, Laure Sarda & Joël Pynte
2014. Effect on Comprehension of Preposed versus Postposed Adverbial Phrases.
Journal of Psycholinguistic Research 43:6 ► pp. 771 ff.
Corballis, Michael C.
1996. How to grow a human.
Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19:4 ► pp. 632 ff.
Corballis, Michael C.
2009. The Evolution of Language.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1156:1 ► pp. 19 ff.
Corina, David
1996. Sign language and the brain: Apes, apraxia, and aphasia.
Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19:4 ► pp. 633 ff.
Crawford, William
2012.
In The Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics,
Crossley, Scott A., Stephen Skalicky & Mihai Dascalu
2019. Moving beyond classic readability formulas: new methods and new models.
Journal of Research in Reading 42:3-4 ► pp. 541 ff.
Dachkovsky, Svetlana, Rose Stamp & Wendy Sandler
2018. Constructing Complexity in a Young Sign Language.
Frontiers in Psychology 9
de Vega, Manuel, María J. Rodrigo, Manuel Ato, Doris M. Dehn & Beatriz Barquero
2002. How Nouns and Prepositions Fit Together: An Exploration of the Semantics of Locative Sentences.
Discourse Processes 34:2 ► pp. 117 ff.
Debreslioska, Sandra & Marianne Gullberg
2019. Discourse Reference Is Bimodal: How Information Status in Speech Interacts with Presence and Viewpoint of Gestures.
Discourse Processes 56:1 ► pp. 41 ff.
Desagulier, Guillaume
2017.
In Corpus Linguistics and Statistics with R [Quantitative Methods in the Humanities and Social Sciences, ],
► pp. 1 ff.
Djenar, Dwi Noverini
2001. Indonesian "Locative" Pronouns: Deictic or Anaphoric?.
Australian Journal of Linguistics 21:1 ► pp. 49 ff.
Dor, Daniel & Eva Jablonka
2001. From Cultural Selection to Genetic Selection: A Framework for the Evolution of Language.
Selection 1:1-3 ► pp. 33 ff.
Egan, Thomas
2015.
In The Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics,
► pp. 1 ff.
Ferretti, Francesco, Ines Adornetti, Alessandra Chiera, Serena Nicchiarelli, Giovanni Valeri, Rita Magni, Stefano Vicari & Andrea Marini
2018. Time and Narrative: An Investigation of Storytelling Abilities in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Frontiers in Psychology 9
François, Jacques
2003. La faculté de langage : travaux récents d’inspiration fonctionaliste sur son architecture, ses universaux, son émergence et sa transmission.
Corela :1-1
François, Jacques
2014. L’émergence et l’évolution du langage humain du point de vue des neurosciences.
Corela :12-2
Friederici, Angela D.
1996. Autonomy of syntactic processing and the role of Broca's area.
Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19:4 ► pp. 634 ff.
Fu, Rongbo
2016. Comparing modal patterns in Chinese-English interpreted and translated discourses in diplomatic setting.
Babel 62:1 ► pp. 104 ff.
Fu, Zhengling & Canzhong Jiang
2015. Research on Negative Construction of “One Quantifier N” in International Chinese Teaching.
Theory and Practice in Language Studies 5:10 ► pp. 2064 ff.
Gentilucci, Maurizio & Riccardo Dalla Volta
2008. Spoken Language and arm Gestures are Controlled by the same Motor Control System.
Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 61:6 ► pp. 944 ff.
Gilabert, Roger
2012.
In The Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics,
Givón, T.
2015.
In The Diachrony of Grammar,
Givón, T.
2017.
In The Story of Zero,
Givón, T.
2018.
In On Understanding Grammar,
Givón, T.
2020.
In Coherence,
Gong, Tao, Lan Shuai & Menghan Zhang
2014. Modelling language evolution: Examples and predictions.
Physics of Life Reviews 11:2 ► pp. 280 ff.
Gopnik, Myrna
1996. Familial language impairment: The evidence.
Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19:4 ► pp. 635 ff.
Graham, Susan & Diane Poulin-Dubois
1996. Speaking of language: Thoughts on associations.
Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19:4 ► pp. 636 ff.
Green, Clarence
2014. On the relationship between clause combination, grammatical hierarchy and discourse-pragmatic coherence.
Functions of Language 21:3 ► pp. 297 ff.
Green, Clarence
2017.
In Patterns and Development in the English Clause System,
► pp. 1 ff.
Green, Clarence
2017.
In Patterns and Development in the English Clause System,
► pp. 71 ff.
Green, Clarence
2017.
In Patterns and Development in the English Clause System,
► pp. 111 ff.
Green, Clarence
2017.
In Patterns and Development in the English Clause System,
► pp. 169 ff.
Green, Clarence
2017.
In Patterns and Development in the English Clause System,
► pp. 191 ff.
Grodzinsky, Yosef
1996. Neurobiological approaches to language: Falsehoods and fallacies.
Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19:4 ► pp. 637 ff.
Guijarro, Arsenio Jesús Moya
2005. The introduction of topics in two discourse genres.
<i>WORD</i> 56:2 ► pp. 201 ff.
Gómez González, María de los Ángeles, Francisco José Ruiz de Mendoza Ibáñez, Francisco Gonzálvez García & Angela Downing
2014.
In The Functional Perspective on Language and Discourse [Pragmatics & Beyond New Series, 247],
► pp. 1 ff.
Gómez González, María de los Ángeles, Francisco José Ruiz de Mendoza Ibáñez, Francisco Gonzálvez-García & Angela Downing
2014.
In Theory and Practice in Functional-Cognitive Space [Studies in Functional and Structural Linguistics, 68],
► pp. 1 ff.
Harvey, Arlene
2001. Relational clauses in English technical discourse.
Pragmatics 11:4 ► pp. 379 ff.
Hauser, Marc D. & Jon Sakata
1996. A worthy enterprise injured by overinterpretation and misrepresentation.
Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19:4 ► pp. 638 ff.
Hrdy, Sarah B.
2014.
In New Frontiers in Social Neuroscience [Research and Perspectives in Neurosciences, 21],
► pp. 57 ff.
Huhtala, Anne & Hanna Lehti‐Eklund
2010. Writing a new self in the third place: language students and identity formation.
Pedagogy, Culture & Society 18:3 ► pp. 273 ff.
Ibbotson, Paul, Jennifer Kearvell-White & Sonja Kotz
2015. Inhibitory Control Predicts Grammatical Ability.
PLOS ONE 10:12 ► pp. e0145030 ff.
Ibbotson, Paul, Diana G. López & Alan J. McKane
2018. Goldilocks Forgetting in Cross-Situational Learning.
Frontiers in Psychology 9
Ibbotson, Paul, Vsevolod Salnikov & Richard Walker
2019. A dynamic network analysis of emergent grammar.
First Language 39:6 ► pp. 652 ff.
Irslinger, B.
2009. MCQUILLAN, P.: Modality and Grammar..
Kratylos 54:1 ► pp. 176 ff.
Itkonen, Esa
2002.
In In the Scope of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science,
► pp. 431 ff.
Jackendoff, Ray
2011.
In Non-Transformational Syntax,
► pp. 268 ff.
Jacobs, Bob & Lori Larsen
1996. Pluripotentiality, epigenesis, and language acquisition.
Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19:4 ► pp. 639 ff.
Jensen, Eva Skafte
2012. Markedness, participation and grammatical paradigms: Jakobson and Hjelmslev revisited.
Nordic Journal of Linguistics 35:2 ► pp. 145 ff.
Johnston, Trevor Alexander
2019. Clause constituents, arguments and the question of grammatical relations in Auslan (Australian Sign
Language).
Studies in Language 43:4 ► pp. 941 ff.
Kamoen, Naomi, Maria Baukje Johanna Mos & Valerio Capraro
2019. A good tennis player does not lose matches. The effects of valence congruency in processing stance-argument pairs.
PLOS ONE 14:11 ► pp. e0224481 ff.
Kashyap, Abhishek Kumar
2019.
In The Cambridge Handbook of Systemic Functional Linguistics,
► pp. 767 ff.
Kemmerer, David
1996. Innateness, autonomy, universality, and the neurobiology of regular and irregular inflectional morphology.
Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19:4 ► pp. 639 ff.
Kittilä, Seppo
2005. Remarks on involuntary agent constructions.
<i>WORD</i> 56:3 ► pp. 381 ff.
Klein, Perry D.
2003. Rethinking the multiplicity of cognitive resources and curricular representations: Alternatives to 'learning styles' and 'multiple intelligences'.
Journal of Curriculum Studies 35:1 ► pp. 45 ff.
Kopecky, Carmen Teržan
2007. Natürlicher syntaktischer Wandel. Epistemizität als Drehscheibe der kategorialen Innovation. Oder:in S. wird es (wohl) gerade schneien.
Folia Linguistica 27:1-2 ► pp. 117 ff.
Korolija, Natascha
1998. Recycling cotext: The impact of prior conversation on the emergence of episodes in a multiparty radio talk show.
Discourse Processes 25:1 ► pp. 99 ff.
Kupersmitt, Judy, Rachel Yifat & Shoshana Blum-Kulka
2014. The development of coherence and cohesion in monolingual and sequential bilingual children’s narratives: Same or different?.
Narrative Inquiry 24:1 ► pp. 40 ff.
Kupersmitt, Judy R.
2016.
In Written and Spoken Language Development across the Lifespan [Literacy Studies, 11],
► pp. 227 ff.
Laasanen, Mikko
2019.
In Normativity in Language and Linguistics [Studies in Language Companion Series, 209],
► pp. 151 ff.
Lieberman, Philip
1996. Neuroanatomical structures and segregated circuits.
Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19:4 ► pp. 641 ff.
Lupo, Sarah M., Laura Tortorelli, Marcia Invernizzi, Ji Hoon Ryoo & John Z. Strong
2019. An Exploration of Text Difficulty and Knowledge Support on Adolescents' Comprehension.
Reading Research Quarterly 54:4 ► pp. 457 ff.
Macwhinney, Brian
2017.
In A Companion to Cognitive Science,
► pp. 402 ff.
Mandersloot, Wim G. B. & Clive G. Bruckmann
1998. Extension of List Criteria: Rectifying Logical Flaws in Text.
Journal of Technical Writing and Communication 28:1 ► pp. 77 ff.
Martinot, Claire
2014. La complexité d’un phénomène linguistique est-elle toujours source de difficulté ? Cas de l’acquisition des relatives en langue première (français et allemand).
Nouvelles perspectives en sciences sociales 9:1 ► pp. 123 ff.
Mateo Mendaza, Raquel
2013. The Old English Exponent for the Semantic Prime TOUCH. Descriptive and Methodological Questions.
Australian Journal of Linguistics 33:4 ► pp. 449 ff.
Mateo Mendaza, Raquel
2016. The Old English Exponent for the Semantic Prime MOVE*.
Australian Journal of Linguistics 36:4 ► pp. 542 ff.
McGregor, William B.
2019. The evolutionary origins of interpersonal grammar.
Functions of Language 26:1 ► pp. 112 ff.
McNamara, Danielle S., Scott A. Crossley & Philip M. McCarthy
2010. Linguistic Features of Writing Quality.
Written Communication 27:1 ► pp. 57 ff.
Meirama, Belén López
2006.
In Functional Approaches to Spanish Syntax,
► pp. 7 ff.
Mesmer, Heidi Anne, James W. Cunningham & Elfrieda H. Hiebert
2012. Toward a Theoretical Model of Text Complexity for the Early Grades: Learning From the Past, Anticipating the Future.
Reading Research Quarterly 47:3 ► pp. 235 ff.
Mikel, Labiano
2017. Greek interjectional ἆ = “Stop doing that!” in Euripides.
Glotta 93:1 ► pp. 36 ff.
Mondal, Prakash
2012. Can Internalism and Externalism be Reconciled in a Biological Epistemology of Language?.
Biosemiotics 5:1 ► pp. 61 ff.
Moriya, Tetsuharu & Kaoru Horie
2009.
In Japanese Modality,
► pp. 87 ff.
Müller, Ralph-Axel
1996. Innateness, autonomy, universality? Neurobiological approaches to language.
Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19:4 ► pp. 611 ff.
Müller, Ralph-Axel
1996. The epigenesis of regional specificity.
Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19:4 ► pp. 650 ff.
Newmeyer, Frederick J.
1996. Müller's conclusions and linguistic research.
Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19:4 ► pp. 641 ff.
Newmeyer, Frederick J.
2010. Formalism and functionalism in linguistics.
Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science 1:3 ► pp. 301 ff.
Paolillo, John C.
2009.
In Encyclopedia of Library and Information Sciences, Third Edition,
► pp. 3468 ff.
Peregrina Llanes, Manuel, Albert Álvarez González & Zarina Estrada-Fernández
2017.
In Verb Valency Changes [Typological Studies in Language, 120],
► pp. 82 ff.
Perniss, Pamela & Gabriella Vigliocco
2014. The bridge of iconicity: from a world of experience to the experience of language.
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 369:1651 ► pp. 20130300 ff.
Poeppel, David
1996. Neurobiology and linguistics are not yet unifiable.
Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19:4 ► pp. 642 ff.
Pulvermüller, Friedemann, Bettina Mohr & Hubert Preissl
1996. Biology of language: Principle predictions and evidence.
Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19:4 ► pp. 643 ff.
Pustejovsky, James
2018. From actions to events.
Interaction Studies 19:1-2 ► pp. 289 ff.
Pustejovsky, James
2020.
In How the Brain got Language [Benjamins Current Topics, 112],
► pp. 289 ff.
Pustet, Regina
2009. On the correlation between discourse frequency and structural complexity in markedness theory.
Discours :5
Ramat, Anna Giacalone
2009.
In Universals of Language Today [Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory, 76],
► pp. 253 ff.
Recio Ariza, María Ángeles
2013. El enfoque cognitivista en la fraseología.
Revista de Lingüística y Lenguas Aplicadas 8:0
Rivera-Gaxiola, Maritza & Annette Karmiloff-Smith
1996. It's a far cry from speech to language.
Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19:4 ► pp. 645 ff.
Roberge, Paul T.
2012.
In The Handbook of Historical Sociolinguistics,
► pp. 367 ff.
Sahraoui, Halima & Jean-Luc Nespoulous
2012. Across-task variability in agrammatic performance.
Aphasiology 26:6 ► pp. 785 ff.
Salazar Orvig, Anne, Haydée Marcos, Aliyah Morgenstern, Rouba Hassan, Jocelyne Leber-Marin & Jacques Parès
2010. Dialogical factors in toddlers’ use of clitic pronouns.
First Language 30:3-4 ► pp. 375 ff.
Salmon, William
2016. Irrealis and emphatic.
English World-Wide 37:3 ► pp. 323 ff.
Scheffler, Paweł
2011. Rule difficulty: teachers’ intuitions and learners’ performance.
Language Awareness 20:3 ► pp. 221 ff.
Scheler, Gabriele
1997.
In Foundations of Computer Science [Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 1337],
► pp. 489 ff.
Schoenemann, P. Thomas & William S.-Y. Wang
1996. Evolutionary principles and the emergence of syntax.
Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19:4 ► pp. 646 ff.
Schøsler, Lene
2013.
In Research on Old French: The State of the Art [Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory, 88],
► pp. 167 ff.
Sewell, Andrew
2017. Functional load revisited.
Journal of Second Language Pronunciation 3:1 ► pp. 57 ff.
Shinzato, Rumiko
2014.
In Usage-based Approaches to Japanese Grammar [Studies in Language Companion Series, 156],
► pp. 85 ff.
Sinha, Chris
1996. Autonomy and its discontents.
Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19:4 ► pp. 647 ff.
Smirnova, Anastasia
2015. Aligning language to ideology: A socio-semantic analysis of communist and democratic mass media language in Bulgaria.
Journal of Language and Politics 14:2 ► pp. 205 ff.
Smith, Neil
1996. A polyglot perspective on dissociation.
Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19:4 ► pp. 648 ff.
Stoenica, Ioana-Maria & Simona Pekarek Doehler
2020.
In Emergent Syntax for Conversation [Studies in Language and Social Interaction, 32],
► pp. 303 ff.
Stolz, Thomas
2019. The naked truth about the Chamorro dual.
Studies in Language 43:3 ► pp. 533 ff.
Stolz, Thomas & Nataliya Levkovych
2019.
In Possession in Languages of Europe and North and Central Asia [Studies in Language Companion Series, 206],
► pp. 313 ff.
Stromswold, Karin
1996. Genes, specificity, and the lexical/functional distinction in language acquisition.
Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19:4 ► pp. 648 ff.
Swan, Toril & Leiv Egil Breivik
2011. English Sentence Adverbials in a Discourse and Cognitive Perspective.
English Studies 92:6 ► pp. 679 ff.
Tabakowska, Elżbieta
2003.
In Handbook of Pragmatics,
► pp. 1 ff.
Tomasello, Michael
2007.
In Handbook of Child Psychology,
Tortorelli, Laura S.
2020. Beyond first grade: examining word, sentence, and discourse text factors associated with oral reading rate in informational text in second grade.
Reading and Writing 33:1 ► pp. 143 ff.
Tyler, Andrea
2010. Usage-Based Approaches to Language and Their Applications to Second Language Learning.
Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 30 ► pp. 270 ff.
Usón, Ricardo Mairal
2012.
In The Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics,
van Huyssteen, Gerhard & Daan Wissing
1996. FONETIES-FONOLOGIESE ASPEKTE VAN PROTOTIPIESE AFRIKAANSE VRAAGSINNE: 'N VERKENNING.
South African Journal of Linguistics 14:sup34 ► pp. 103 ff.
VAN ROOY, BERTUS
2010. Social and linguistic perspectives on variability in world Englishes.
World Englishes 29:1 ► pp. 3 ff.
Vecchiato, Sara & Sonia Vanna Gerolimich
2014. La langue médicale est-elle « trop complexe » ?.
Nouvelles perspectives en sciences sociales 9:1 ► pp. 81 ff.
Walker, Stephen F.
1996. Is human language just another neurobiological specialization?.
Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19:4 ► pp. 649 ff.
Wang, Yuan & Minghe Guo
2014. A Short Analysis of Discourse Coherence.
Journal of Language Teaching and Research 5:2
WIECHMANN, DANIEL & ELMA KERZ
2013. The positioning of concessive adverbial clauses in English: assessing the importance of discourse-pragmatic and processing-based constraints.
English Language and Linguistics 17:1 ► pp. 1 ff.
WIECHMANN, DANIEL & ELMA KERZ
2016. Formulaicity as a determinant of processing efficiency: investigating clause ordering in complex sentences.
English Language and Linguistics 20:3 ► pp. 421 ff.
Wilcox, Sherman
2001. William C. Stokoe (July 21, 1919April 4, 2000) [Commemorative essay].
Semiotica 2001:133 ► pp. 1 ff.
Xie, Chaoqun
2003. Reviews.
Journal of Literary Semantics 32:1
Zúñiga, Fernando & Seppo Kittilä
2019.
In Grammatical Voice,
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 26 may 2020. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.
Subjects
BIC Subject: CF – Linguistics
BISAC Subject: LAN009000 – LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES / Linguistics / General
U.S. Library of Congress Control Number: 95006774