Degrees of European Belonging

The fuzzy areas between us and them

| University of Alberta
Hardbound – Available
ISBN 9789027208385 | EUR 99.00 | USD 149.00
 
e-Book –
ISBN 9789027260192 | EUR 99.00 | USD 149.00
 
While we tend to divide the world into Us and Them, a number of grey nuances exist beyond this white and black distinction. The purpose of this book is to address the fuzzy areas between Us and Them through the study of European belonging as it is represented in the French elite daily, Le Monde. Corpora collected from 2014 to 2017 are used for case studies in the framework of Discourse Analysis to look at the use of “Europe” in headlines, and the representation of the United Kingdom, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Ukraine, Belarus, and Turkey. The combination of these case studies allows to present a conceptual framework for the representation of Europe by Le Monde. However, beyond the study of what belonging to Europe means for Le Monde, this book is about the legitimacy of being “in-between”, i.e. belonging neither totally to Us nor to Them.
[Discourse Approaches to Politics, Society and Culture, 91]  2021.  xvi, 251 pp.
Publishing status: Available
© John Benjamins
https://doi.org/10.1075/dapsac.91
Table of Contents
List of Tables
xi–xii
List of Figures
xiii
Foreword
xv–xvi
Chapter 1. Introduction
1–16
Chapter 2. Methodology
17–36
Chapter 3. “Europe” in Le Monde’s headline discourse
37–62
Chapter 4. Brexit
63–84
Chapter 5. “Europe at its borderline”
85–116
Chapter 6. Ukraine
117–142
Chapter 7. Belarus
143–162
Chapter 8. Turkey
163–188
Chapter 9. The fuzzy areas of European belonging
189–216
Appendix 1. Brexit corpora
217–222
Appendix 2. “Europe at its border” corpora
223–228
Appendix 3. Ukraine corpora
229–232
Appendix 4. Belarus corpus
233–234
Appendix 5. Turkey corpora
235–238
References
239–248
Index
249–252
References

References

Aberdein, Andrew
(2005) The uses of argument in mathematics. Argumentation, 19(3): 287–301. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Albert, Pierre
(1989) Lexique de la presse écrite. Paris: Dalloz.Google Scholar
Alduy, Cécile & Stéphane Wahnich
(2015) Marine Le Pen prise aux mots. Décryptage du nouveau discours frontiste. Paris: Seuil.Google Scholar
Anderson, Benedict
(1983) Imagined Communities: reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism. London: Verso.Google Scholar
Anderson, Bridget
(2013) Us and Them? The Dangerous Politics of Immigration Control. Oxford: Oxford University Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Andrew, Blake
(2007) Media-generated shortcuts: Do newspaper headlines present another roadblock for low-information rationality? The Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics, 12 (2): 24–43. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Angermüller, Johannes, Dominique Maingueneau & Ruth Wodak
(Eds.) (2014) The Discourse Studies Reader. Main currents in theory and analysis. Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Appadurai, Arjun
(1996) Modernity at Large: Cultural dimensions of globalization. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Auboussier, Julien
(2016) De quoi Europe est-il le nom? Enjeux et usages argumentatifs de la polyréférentialité. Argumentation et Analyse du Discours. URL: http://​aad​.revues​.org​/2216; doi:  Crossref [accessed 19 April 2019]
Avraham, Eli
(2003) Behind Media Marginality. Coverage of Social Groups and Places in the Israeli Press. Lanham (MD), Oxford: Lexington Books.Google Scholar
Bach, Kent & Robert M. Harnish
(1979) Linguistic Communication and Speech Acts. Cambridge (MA) & London: The MIT Press.Google Scholar
Barnard, Catherine
(2008) The ‘opt-out’ for the UK and Poland from the Charter of Fundamental Rights: triumph of rhetoric over reality? In S. Griller & J. Ziller (Eds.), The Lisbon Treaty, pp. 257–283. Vienna: Springler. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Bar-Tal, Daniel
(2000) Shared Beliefs in a Society. Social Psychological Analysis. Thousand Oaks, London, New Delhi: Sage.Google Scholar
Bauman, Zygmunt
(1991) Modernity and Ambivalence. Cambridge: Polity Press.Google Scholar
Bayley, Paul & Geoffrey Williams
(Eds.) (2012) European Identity. What the Media Say. Oxford: Oxford University Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Bednarek, Monika & Helen Cale
(2017) The Discourse of News Values: How News Organizations Create Newsworthiness. Oxford: Oxford University Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Bellanger, Claude, Jacques Godechot, Pierre Guiral & Fernand Terrou
(1969) Histoire générale de la presse française. Paris: P.U.F., volume 3.Google Scholar
Bell, Allan
(1997) Style as audience design. In N. Coupland and A. Jaworski (Eds.). Sociolinguistics: A Reader and Coursebook (pp. 240–250). London: Macmillan. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Bottici, Chiara
(2013) Imagining Europe. Myth, Memory, and Identity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Berger, Peter L. & Thomas Luckmann
(1966) The Social Construction of Reality. New York: Anchor Books.Google Scholar
Brubaker, Rogers & Frederick Cooper
(2000) Beyond “identity”. Theory and Society, 29 (1): 1–41. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Bruter, Michael
(2005) Citizens of Europe? The Emergence of a Mass European Identity. Basingstoke (Hampshire) and New York: Palgrave Macmillan. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Caffarel, Alice
(2006) A Systemic Functional Grammar of French. London, New York: Continuum.Google Scholar
Caldas-Coulthard, Carmen Rosa
(2003) Cross-Cultural Representation of ‘Otherness’ in Media Discourse. In Weiss, Gilbert & Ruth Wodak, Critical Discourse Analysis: Theory and Interdisciplinarity, London: Palgrave-Macmillan, pp.272–296.Google Scholar
Cash, Jennifer R.
(2009) “The Communists cannot take us to Europe”: Negotiating Moldova’s place in the post-socialist world. Journal of Cultural Geography, 26(3): 259–279. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Castoriadis, Cornelius
(1987 [1975]) The Imaginary Institution of Society. Cambridge: Polity.Google Scholar
Charmaz, Kathy
(2014) Constructing Grounded Theory. 2nd edition. London, Washington: Sage.Google Scholar
Checkel, Jeffrey T. & Peter J. Katzenstein
(Eds.) (2009) European Identity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Chovanec, Jan & K. Katarzyna Molek-Kozakowska
(Eds.) (2017) Representing the Other in European Media Discourse. Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Couldry, Nick & Andreas Hepp
(2017) The Mediated Construction of Reality. Cambridge: Polity.Google Scholar
Crocker, Jennifer & Riia Luhtanen
(1990) Collective Self-Esteem and Ingroup Bias. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58: 323–338. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
D’Almeida, Fabrice & Christian Delporte
(2003) Histoire des médias en France. Paris: Flammarion – ChampsUniversité.Google Scholar
Delanty, Gerard
(1995) Inventing Europe: Idea, Identity, Reality. Chapter 4: The limits of Europe: The Shifting Frontier (pp. 48–64). London: Palgrave Macmillan. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2016) What does it mean to be a “European”? In Bahar Rumelili (Ed.), Who Are the Europeans? What is Europe, (pp. 35–44). New York: Open Society Foundations.Google Scholar
(2017) The European Heritage: A Critical Re-Interpretation. London: Routledge. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Deniau, Jean-François
(1967) The Common Market. English translation by Graham Heath from the French edition entitled Le Marché Commun (1959; Paris: Presses Universitaires de France). 4th ed. London: Barrie and Rockliff.Google Scholar
Dor, Daniel
(2003) On newspaper headlines as relevance optimizers. Journal of Pragmatics, 35 (5): 675–721. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Dugalès, Nathalie & Gordon Tucker
(2012) Representations of representation; European institutions in the French and British press. In Bayley, P. & G. Williams. (Eds.) (2012) European Identity. What the Media Say, (pp. 21–54). Oxford: Oxford University Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Fottorino, Éric
(2012) Mon tour du « Monde ». Paris: Gallimard.Google Scholar
Engström, Robin & Carita Paradis
(2015) The In-group and Out-groups of the British National Party and the UK Independence Party. Journal of Language and Politics, 14 (4): 501–527. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Éveno, Patrick
(2001)  Le journal Le Monde. Une histoire d’indépendance. Paris: Odile Jacob.Google Scholar
Fairclough, Norman
(2001) Critical discourse analysis as a method in social scientific research. In R. Wodak & M. Meyer (Eds.), Methods of Critical Discourse Analysis (pp. 121–138), London: Sage.Google Scholar
(2003) Analysing Discourse. London, New York: Routledge. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Falkum, Ingrid L.
(2015) The how and why of polysemy: A pragmatic account. Lingua, 157: 83–99. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Fricker, Karen & Milija Gluhovic
(Eds.) (2013) Performing the ‘New’: identities, feelings and politics in the Eurovision Song Contest. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Friedman, Rebecca & Markus Thiel, M.
(Eds.) (2011) European Identity and Culture: Narratives of Transnational Belongings. Burlington, VT: Routledge.Google Scholar
Garcia-Blanco, Iñaki
(2016) A victory of the nation state: The EU referendum in the Southern European press. In D. Jackson, E. Thorsen, & D. Wring (Eds), EU referendum analysis 2016: Media, voters and the campaign (p. 45). Poole: The Centre for the Study of Journalism, Culture and Community, Bournemouth University. Available at www​.referendumanalysis​.eu, accessed 22 July 2020.
Gaudé, Laurent
(2019) Nous, l‘Europe. Banquet des peuples. Arles: Actes Sud.Google Scholar
Glaser, Barney G. & Anselm L. Strauss
(1967) The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. New York: Aldine de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Greimas, Algirdas J. & François Rastier
(1968) The Interaction of Semiotic Constraints. Yale French Studies, 41: 46–105.Google Scholar
Hall, Stuart
(1997) Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices. London: Sage.Google Scholar
Halliday, Michael Alexander Kirkwood
(1994) An Introduction to Functional Grammar (2nd ed.). London: Edward Arnold.Google Scholar
Halliday, Michael A. K. & Christian Matthiessen
(2014) An Introduction to Functional Grammar. 4th ed., New York: Routledge. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Hart, Christopher
(2014) Discourse, Grammar and Ideology: Functional and Cognitive Perspectives. London: Bloomsbury.Google Scholar
Hermann, Richard K.
(2002) Linking Theory to Evidence in International Relations. In W. Carlsnaes, T. Risse & B. A. Simmons (Eds.), Handbook of International Relations (pp. 119–136). London: Sage. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Hermann, Richard K., Thomas Risse-Kappen & Marilynn B. Brewer
(Eds.) (2004) Transnational Identities: Becoming European in the EU. Lanham (MD): Rowman & Littlefield.Google Scholar
Holmes, Janet, and Jay Woodhams
(2013) ‘Building interaction: The role of talk in joining a community of practice’, Discourse & Communication, 7(3), pp. 275–298. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Holsanova, Jana, Kenneth Holmqvist & Henrik Rahm
(2006) Entry points and reading paths on newspaper spreads: comparing a semiotic analysis with eye-tracking measurements. Visual Communication, 5 (1), 65–93. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Howard, Douglas A.
(2016) The History of Turkey. 2nd edition. Santa Barbara (CA): Greenwood.Google Scholar
Jahedi, Maryam & Abdullah, Faiz S.
(2012) The Ideological Construction of Iran in the NYT. Australian Journal of Linguistics, 32 (3), 361–381. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Jaworska, Sylvia
(2018) Corpus approached: investigating linguistic patterns and meanings. In Cotter, Colleen & Daniel Perrin, The Routledge handbook of Language and Media. Londn, New York: Routledge, p. 93–108.Google Scholar
Just, Sine N.
(2009) No place like home? The role of the media in the framing of Europe. Journal of Language and Politics, 8(2): 244–268. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Josselson, Ruthellen & Michele Harway
(Eds.) (2012) Navigating Multiple Identities. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Koller, Veronika, Susanne Kopf & Marlene Miglbauer
(Eds.) (2019) Discourses of Brexit. London: Routledge. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Koopmans, Ruud
(2010) Winners and losers, supporter and opponents in Europeanized public debates. In R. Koopmans & P. Statham (Eds.), The Making of a European Public Sphere. Media Discourse and Political Contention. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Pp.97–121. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Koopmans, Ruud, Jessica Erbe & Martin F. Meyer
(2010) The Europeanization of public spheres: Comparisons across issues, time, and countries. In R. Koopmans & P. Statham (Eds.), The Making of a European Public Sphere. Media Discourse and Political Contention. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Pp.63–96. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Koukoutsaki-Monnier, Angeliki
(2010) Debating the EU constitution in France. Promises and pitfalls of a European future. Journal of Language and Politics, 9(1): 115–139. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Krzyżanowski, Michał
(2019) Brexit and the imaginary of ‘crisis’: A discourse-conceptual analysis of European media. Critical Discourse Studies, 16(4): 465–490. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Lakoff, Robin T.
(2001) Nine ways of looking at apologies: The necessity for interdisciplinary theory and method in discourse analysis. In D. Schiffrin, D. Tannen & H. E. Hamilton (Eds.), The Handbook of Discourse Analysis. Oxford: Blackwell. Pp.199–214.Google Scholar
Le, Elisabeth
(2002) The concept of Europe in Le Monde’s editorials. Journal of Language and Politics, 1(2): 279–325.Google Scholar
(2006) The Spiral of “Anti-Other Rhetoric”. Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2010) Editorials and the Power of Media. Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2017a) The European ‘stranger’ in Le Monde’s headline discourse. In Jan Chovanec & Katarzyna Molek-Kozakowska (Eds.), Representing the Other in European Media Discourse; Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins; Chapter 3, pp.81–102. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2017b) Towards an interdisciplinary framework for the analysis of media representations of Us, Them and “Others” in Europe. In Luciana Radut-Gaghi, Denisa-Adriana Oprea, Axel Boursier (Eds.), L’Europe dans les médias en ligne. Paris: L’Harmattan. Pp. 67–80.Google Scholar
Le Monde
(2002) Le style du Monde. Paris: Le Monde.Google Scholar
Light, Duncan & Craig Young
(2009) European Union enlargement, post-accession migration and imaginative geographies of the ‘New Europe’: media discourses in Romania and the United Kingdom. Journal of Cultural Geography, 26(3): 281–303. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Loui, Ronald P.
(2005) A citation-based reflection on Toulmin and argument. Argumentation, 19(3): 259–266. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Mamadouh, Virginie
(2009) Establishing a Constitution for Europe during European Union enlargement? Visions of ‘Europe’ in the referenda campaigns in France and the Netherlands. Journal of Cultural Geography, 26(3): 305–326. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Marchand, Pascal & Pierre Ratinaud
(2012) Être français aujourd’hui. Les mots de l’identité nationale. Paris: Les Liens qui Libèrent.Google Scholar
Martin, James R. and David Rose
(2003) Working with Discourse. London, New York: Continuum.Google Scholar
Martin, James R., and Peter, White
(2005) The Language of Evaluation: Appraisal in English. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Martin, J. R., and Rose, David
(2007) Working with Discourse: Meaning beyond the Clause. London: Continuum.Google Scholar
Martin, Thomas & Laurent Binet
(2018) Left versus right, or mainstream versus margins? Divisions in French media and reactions to the ‘Brexit’ vote. In Anthony Ridge-Newman, Fernando León-Solís & Hugh O’Donnell (Eds.), Reporting the Road to Brexit: International Media and the EU Referendum 2016, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp.145–167. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Martin-Lagardette, Jean-Luc
(2009) Le guide de l’écriture journalistique. Paris: La Découverte.Google Scholar
Mengistu, Germaw & Avraham, Eli
(2015) ‘Others among their own people’: The Social Construction of Ethiopian Immigrants in the Israeli National Press. Communication, Culture & Critique, 8 (4), 557–575. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Mole, Richard C. M.
(Ed.) (2007) Discursive Construction of Identity in European Politics. London: Palgrave Macmillan. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Molek-Kozakowska, Katarzyna
(2013) “Towards a pragma-linguistic framework for the study of sensationalism in news headlines”. Discourse and Communication 7 (2), 173–197. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Monnet, Jean
(1976) Mémoires. Paris: Fayard.Google Scholar
Motschenbacher, Heiko
(2016) Language, Normativity and Europeanisation. London: Palgrave-Macmillan. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Mouffe, Chantal
(2000) Deliberative Democracy or Agonistic Pluralism. Vienna: Institute of Advanced Studies, Political Science Series.Google Scholar
Neumann, Iver B.
(2016) European identity, EU expansion, and the integration/exclusion nexus. In Bahar Rumelili (Ed.), Who Are the Europeans? What Is Europe? The identity challenges of an evolving polity, (pp. 180–199). New York: Open Society Foundations.Google Scholar
Nicolaïdis, Kalypso & Janie Pélabay
(2009) One Union, one story? In praise of Europe’s narrative diversity. In D. Phinnemore et al. (Eds.), Reflections on European Integrations (pp. 175–193). London: Palgrave Macmillan. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Oberhuber, Florian, Christoph Bärenreuter, Michal Krzyzanowski, Heinz Schönbauer & Ruth Wodak
(2005) Debating the European Constitution. On representations of Europe/the EU in the press. Journal of Language and Politics, 4(2): 227–271. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Oktar, Lütfiye
(2001) “The Ideological Organization of Representational Processes in the Presentation of Us and Them”, Discourse & Society, 12 (3), 313–346. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Orgad, Shani
(2012) Media Representation and the Global Imagination. Cambridge: Polity Press.Google Scholar
(2014) “When Media Representation Met Sociology”, in S. Waisbord (ed.): Media Sociology: A Reappraisal. Cambridge: Polity Press, 133–150.Google Scholar
Paasi, Anssi
(2001) Europe as a Social Process and Discourse. Considerations of place, boundaries and identity. European Urban and Regional Studies, 8(1): 7–28. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Packwood, Allen
(2016) Churchill and the United States of Europe, 1904–1948. Comillas Journal of International Relations, 7: 1–9.Google Scholar
Pache, Anne-Claire & Filipe Santos
(2012) When worlds collide: The internal dynamics of organizational responses to conflicting institutional demands. In R. Greenwood, C. Oliver, K. Sahlin & R. Suddaby (Eds.), Institutional Theory in Organization Studies; Vol.V (pp. 291–322). London, Thousand Oaks, New Delhi: Sage.Google Scholar
Pagden, Anthony
(Ed.) (2002) The Idea of Europe. From Antiquity to the European Union. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2002) “Europe: Conceptualizing a Continent”. In A. Pagden (Ed.), The Idea of Europe. From Antiquity to the European Union. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp.33–54. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Péan, Pierre & Philippe Cohen
(2003) La face cachée du Monde. Paris: Mille et une nuits.Google Scholar
Pew Research Center
(2010) Nielsen Analysis. Retrieved on 4 October 2012 from The State of the News Media: http://​stateofthemedia​.org​/2010​/special​-reports​-economic​-attitudes​/nielsen​-analysis/
. (May 2014) “The EU Elections on Twitter: Mixed Views about the EU and Little Passion for the Candidates”. Retrieved on 29 June 2015 from http://​www​.journalism​.org​/files​/2014​/05​/2014​-05​-22​_The​-EU​-Elections​-on​-Twitter​.pdf
Pfetsch, Barbara, Silke Adam & Barbara Eschner
(2010) The Media’s Voice over Europe. Issue salience, openness and conflict lines in editorials. In R. Koopmans & P. Statham (Eds.), The Making of a European Public Sphere. Media discourse and political contention. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Pp. 151–170. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Potter, Jonathan
(1996) Representing Reality. Discourse, Rhetoric and Social Construction. London: Sage. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Poulet, Bernard
(2003) Le pouvoir du Monde. Paris: La Découverte.Google Scholar
Ramos, Maurivan G., Valderez Marina do Rosário Lima & Marcelo Prado Amaral-Rosa
(2019) IRAMUTEQ Software and Discursive Textual Analysis: Interpretive Possibilities. In António Pedro Costa, Luís Paulo Reis & António Moreira (Eds.), Computer Supported Qualitative Research. Berlin: Springer. Pp. 58–72. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Ratinaud, Pierre
(2018) Amélioration de la précision et de la vitesse de l’algorithme de classification de la méthode Reinert dans IRaMuTeQ. In D. F. Iezzi, L. Celardo, & M. Misuraca (Eds.), JADT’ 2018, Proceedings of the 14th international conference on statistical analysis of textual data (Vol. 2, pp. 616–625). Rome, Italie: Universitalia.Google Scholar
Ravin, Yael and Leacock, Claudia
(2000) “Polysemy: an overview”. In Y. Ravin and C. Leacock (Eds.). Polysemy: Theoretical and Computational Approaches. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp.1–29.Google Scholar
Reinemann, Carsten, James Stanyer, Sebastian Scherr & Guido Legnante
(2011) Hard and soft news: A review of concepts, operationalizations and key finding. Journalism, 13(2): 221–239. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Reinert, Max
(1983) Une méthode de classification descendante hiérarchique: application à l’analyse lexicale par contexte. Les cahiers de l’analyse des données, VIII (2): 187–198.Google Scholar
(1993) Les “mondes lexicaux” et leur “logique” à travers l’analyse statistique d’un corpus de récits de cauchemars. Langage et Société, 66: 5–39. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Rheindorf, Markus
(2019) Revisiting the Toolbox of Discourse Studies. London: Palgrave-Macmillan. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Rhodes-James, Robert
(1974) Winston S. Churchill: His Complete speeches 1897–1963. London and New York: Chelsea House Publishers & R. R. Bowker Company.Google Scholar
Risse, Thomas
(2010) A Community of Europeans? Transnational Identities and Public Spheres. Ithaca (NY): Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
(2015) (Ed.). European Public Spheres. Politics is back. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Rumelili, Bahar
(Ed.) (2016), Who Are the Europeans? What is Europe, New York: Open Society Foundation.Google Scholar
Schroeter, Melani & Charlotte Taylor
(2018) Exploring Silence and Absence in Discourse. London: Palgrave-Macmillan. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Sellar, Christian
(2009) Geographical imaginaries of the ‘New Europe’ and the ‘East’ in a business context: The case of Italian investors in Slovakia, Romania, and Ukraine. Journal of Cultural Geography, 26(3): 327–348. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Sellar, Christian, Caedmon Staddon & Craig Young
(2009) Twenty years after the Wall: Geographical imaginaries of ‘Europe’ during the European Union enlargement. Journal of Cultural Geography, 26(3): 253–258. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
SEPM, M&P
(2012) Print + Digital 2012. Retrieved on 10 July 2015 from http://​www​.staminic​.com​/blog​/presse​-evolutions​-audiences​-web​-print
Shoemaker, Pamela J. & Akiba A. Cohen
(Eds.) (2006) News around the World. New York, London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Simon, Bernd
(2004) Identity in Modern Society. A social psychological perspective. Oxford: Blackwell. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Simosi, Maria
(2003) Using Toulmin’s framework for the analysis of everyday argumentation: Some methodological considerations. Argumentation, 17(2): 185–202. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Souza, Marli A. R., Marilene L. Wall, Andrea C. M. C. Thuler, Ingrid M. V. Lowen, Aida M. Peres
(2018) The use of IRAMUTEQ software for data analysis in qualitative research. Rev Esc Enferm USP 2018; 52:e03353. Crossref. Permalink: http://​ref​.scielo​.org​/gntq8c
Steffek, Jens
(2003) The legitimation of international governance: A discourse approach. European Journal of International Relations, 9(2): 249–275. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Stråth, Bo
(2002) A European identity. To the historical limits of a concept. European Journal of Social Theory, 5(4): 387–401. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Sweeney, Mark
(1 June 2015) “Time spent reading newspapers fell more than 25% in four years”. The Guardian. Retrieved on 29 June 2015 from http://​www​.theguardian​.com​/media​/2015​/jun​/01​/global​-newspaper​-readership​-zenithoptimedia​-media​-consumption
Tajfel, Henri
(1981) Human groups and Social Categories. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
(Ed.) (1982) Social Identity and Intergroup Relations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Paris: Éditions de la Maison des Sciences de l’Homme.Google Scholar
Taylor, Charles
(2002) Modern social imaginaries. Public Culture, 14(1): 91–124. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, John R.
(2003) Polysemy’s paradoxes. Language Sciences, 25 (6): 637–655. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
TNS, opinion & social
(2013) Les habitudes médiatiques dans l’Union européenne. Eurobaromètre Standard 80 – Automne 2013. Étude coordonnée par la Commission européenne, Direction générale Communication. Retrieved on 10 July 2015 from http://​ec​.europa​.eu​/public​_opinion​/archives​/eb​/eb80​/eb80​_media​_fr​.pdf
Toulmin, Stephen E.
(1958) The Uses of Argument. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Turner, Victor W.
(1967) The Forest of Symbols. Aspects of Ndembu Ritual. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
(1969) The ritual process: Structure and anti-structure. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Van Dijk, Teun A.
(1988) News Analysis. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
(1995) Discourse semantics and ideology. Discourse & Society, 6(2); 243–289. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(1997) Discourse Studies. A multidisciplinary introduction. 2 volumes. London: Sage.Google Scholar
(1998) Ideology: A Multidisciplinary Approach. London: Sage.Google Scholar
(2001) Multidisciplinary CDA: a plea for diversity. In Wodak, Ruth & Michael Meyer (Eds.), Methods of Critical Discourse Analysis. London, Thousand Oaks, New Delhi: Sage.Google Scholar
Van Eemeren, Frans H., Bart Gassen, Eric Krabbe, Francisca Snoek Henkemans, Bart Verheij & Jean H. Wagemans
(2014) Handbook of Argumentation Theory. Heidelber, New York, London: Springer. Chapter 4: Toulmin’s Model of Argumentation, pp.203–256.Google Scholar
Van Gennep, Arnold
(1960) The Rites of Passage. London: Routledge & Paul.Google Scholar
Van Leeuwen, Theo
(2008) Discourse and Practice. New Tools for Critical Discourse Analysis. Oxford: Oxford University Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Verheij, Bart
(2005) Evaluating arguments based on Toulmin’s scheme. Argumentation, 19(3): 347–371. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Williams, Geoffrey, Roberta Piazza & Delphine Giuliani
(2012) Nations and supernations: A tale of three Europes. In Bayley, P. & G. Williams. (Eds.) (2012) European Identity. What the Media Say, (pp. 55–83). Oxford: Oxford University Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Wimmel, Andreas
(2009) Beyond the Bosphorus? Comparing public discourses on Turkey’s EU application in the German, French and British quality press. Journal of Language and Politics, 8(2): 223–243. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Winter, Elke
(2011) Us, Them and Others. Pluralism and National Identity in Diverse Societies. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Wodak, Ruth
(2009) The Discourse of Politics in Action. Politics as usual. London: Palgrave-Macmillan.Google Scholar
Wodak, Ruth, Rudolf de Cillia, Martin Reisigl & Karin Liebhart
(1999) The Discursive Construction of National Identity. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.Google Scholar
Wodak, Ruth & Michael Meyer
(Eds.) (2001) Methods of Critical Discourse Analysis. London, Thousand Oaks, New Delhi: Sage. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Wu, H. Denis
(2004) “The World’s Window to the World: An Overview of 44 Nations’ International News Coverage”. In C. Paterson and A. Sreberny (Eds.). International News in the Twenty-First Century. Hants (UK): John Libey, pp. 95–108.Google Scholar
Subjects

Linguistics

Discourse studies
Pragmatics

Sociology

Sociology
BIC Subject: CFG – Semantics, Pragmatics, Discourse Analysis
BISAC Subject: LAN009030 – LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES / Linguistics / Pragmatics
U.S. Library of Congress Control Number:  2020051883 | Marc record