The Lexis and Lexicogrammar of Sri Lankan English

| Justus Liebig University Giessen
Hardbound – Available
ISBN 9789027249142 | EUR 99.00 | USD 149.00
 
e-Book –
ISBN 9789027268228 | EUR 99.00 | USD 149.00
 
This book offers the first in-depth corpus-based description of written Sri Lankan English. In comparison to British and Indian English, lexical and lexicogrammatical features of Sri Lankan English are analysed in a complex corpus environment comprising data from the respective components of the International Corpus of English, newspapers and online sources to explore the status of Sri Lankan English as a variety in its own right. The evolution of Sri Lankan English is depicted against the background of historical as well as sociolinguistic considerations and allows deriving a fine-grained model of the emergence of distinctive structural profiles of postcolonial Englishes developing in a multitude of norm orientations. This book is highly relevant to readers interested in Sri Lankan English and South Asian Englishes. It also offers more general sociolinguistic perspectives on the dynamics of postcolonial Englishes world-wide and on the inextricable link between language and identity.
[Varieties of English Around the World, G54]  2015.  xiv, 248 pp.
Publishing status: Available
© John Benjamins
https://doi.org/10.1075/veaw.g54
Table of Contents
List of figures
vii–viii
List of tables
ix–x
List of abbreviations
xi–xii
Acknowledgments
xiii–xiv
Chapter 1. Sri Lankan English and Sri Lankan Englishes
1–18
Chapter 2. The development of Sri Lankan English
19–54
Chapter 3. Methodology
55–82
Chapter 4. Sri Lankan English lexis
83–136
Chapter 5. Sri Lankan English lexicogrammar
137–204
Chapter 6. A model of (the emergence of) distinctive structural profiles of semiautonomous varieties of English
205–224
References
225–232
Appendix
233–244
Index
245–248
“This first book-length study of acrolectal English in Sri Lanka taps into a wealth of electronic corpora and databases for an in-depth description of lexical and lexico-grammatical features of this semi-autonomous variety of English. It is a very welcome addition to the growing body of literature on (South) Asian Englishes and the discussions about norm developments, standardization and nativisation.”
“Sri Lankan English claims its place in the World Englishes arena: a thorough, richly corpus-based study of the evolution and distinctive properties of this hitherto underresearched variety, profiled in its South Asian context, with theoretically attractive insights into the emergence process of semiautonomous varieties.”
“This volume makes an excellent contribution to the study of Asian Englishes, from both a sociolinguistic and corpus linguistic perspective. The empirical research for this study is meticulously done, and is complemented by insightful and nuanced analysis, while the volume also serves as an excellent introduction to the sociolinguistics of English in contemporary Sri Lanka. It is highly recommended to all those interested in corpus linguistics, Asian Englishes and world Englishes.”
Cited by

Cited by 14 other publications

No author info given
2021.  In Corpora, Constructions, New Englishes [Studies in Corpus Linguistics, 100], Crossref logo
Bolton, Kingsley & John Bacon‐Shone
2020.  In The Handbook of Asian Englishes, ► pp. 49 ff. Crossref logo
Deshors, Sandra C., Sandra Götz & Samantha Laporte
2016. Linguistic innovations in EFL and ESL. International Journal of Learner Corpus Research 2:2 ► pp. 131 ff. Crossref logo
Ekanayaka, Tanya N. I.
2020.  In The Handbook of Asian Englishes, ► pp. 337 ff. Crossref logo
Evans, Stephen
2016.  In The English Language in Hong Kong, ► pp. 1 ff. Crossref logo
Funke, Nina
2020. Pragmatic nativisation of thanking in South Asian Englishes. World Englishes Crossref logo
García‐Castro, Laura
2020. Finite and non‐finite complement clauses in postcolonial Englishes. World Englishes 39:3 ► pp. 411 ff. Crossref logo
Gries, Stefan Th. & Tobias Bernaisch
2016. Exploring epicentres empirically. English World-Wide. A Journal of Varieties of English 37:1 ► pp. 1 ff. Crossref logo
Gries, Stefan Th., Tobias Bernaisch & Benedikt Heller
2018.  In Modeling World Englishes [Varieties of English Around the World, G61], ► pp. 245 ff. Crossref logo
Horch, Stephanie
2016. Innovative conversions in South-East Asian Englishes. International Journal of Learner Corpus Research 2:2 ► pp. 278 ff. Crossref logo
Kraaz, Michelle & Tobias Bernaisch
2020. Backchannels and the pragmatics of South Asian Englishes. World Englishes Crossref logo
Lange, Claudia
2019.  In The Cambridge Handbook of World Englishes, ► pp. 236 ff. Crossref logo
Mukherjee, Joybrato & Tobias Bernaisch
2020.  In The Handbook of Asian Englishes, ► pp. 741 ff. Crossref logo
Revis, Melanie & Tobias Bernaisch
2020. The pragmatic nativisation of pauses in Asian Englishes. World Englishes 39:1 ► pp. 135 ff. Crossref logo

This list is based on CrossRef data as of 29 january 2021. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.

References

References

Ahulu, S.
1995 Variation in the use of complex verbs in international English. English Today 11(2): 28–34. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Algama, D.
2008 Who’s collecting ‘bits and bobs’: Meyler or Dylan? Sunday Times 23 March 2008 <http://​mirisgala​.net​/Dilini​_Algama​_review​.html (17 October 2014).Google Scholar
Algeo, J.
2006 British or American English? A Handbook of Word and Grammar Patterns. Cambridge: CUP. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Ansaldo, U.
2008 Sri Lanka Malay revisited: Genesis and classification. In Lessons from Documented Endangered Languages [Studies in Language Companion Series 78], K.D. Harrison, D.S. Rood & A. Dwyer (eds), 13–42. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Balasubramanian, C.
2009 Register Variation in Indian English [Studies in Corpus Linguistics 37]. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Bauer, L.
2002 Globality and locality in New Zealand. In From Local to Global English: Proceedings of Style Council 2001/2002, P. Peters (ed.), 54–67. Sydney: Macquarie University, Dictionary Research Centre.Google Scholar
Bernaisch, T.
2012 Attitudes towards Englishes in Sri Lanka. World Englishes 31(3): 279–291. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2013 The verb-complementational profile of OFFER in Sri Lankan English. In Corpus Linguistics and Variation in English: Focus on Non-native Englishes, M. Huber & J. Mukherjee (eds), http://​www​.helsinki​.fi​/varieng​/series​/volumes​/13​/bernaisch/ (17 October 2014). Helsinki: Research Unit for Variation, Contacts and Change in English.Google Scholar
Bernaisch, T. & Lange
C 2012 The typology of focus marking in South Asian Englishes. Indian Linguistics 73(1–4): 1–18.Google Scholar
Bernaisch, T., Koch, C., Mukherjee, J. & Schilk, M.
2011 Manual for the South Asian Varieties of English (SAVE) Corpus: Compilation, Cleanup Process, and Details on the Individual Components. Giessen: Justus Liebig University.Google Scholar
Biber, D.
1988 Variation across Speech and Writing. Cambridge: CUP. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Biewer, C., Hundt, M. & Zipp, L.
2010 ‘How’ a Fiji corpus? Challenges in the compilation of an ESL ICE component. ICAME Journal 34: 5–23.Google Scholar
Bladon, R.
1968 Selecting the to- or -ing nominal after like, love, hate, dislike and prefer . English Studies 49(1–6): 203–214. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Boange, D.
2010 The bowl-or-ball dilemma of rubbishing English standards. Sunday Observer 6 June 2010 <http://​www​.sundayobserver​.lk​/2010​/06​/06​/mon08​.asp (17 October 2014).Google Scholar
Bolinger, D.L.
1971 The Phrasal Verb in English. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Bolton, K.
(ed.) 2002 Hong Kong English: Autonomy and Creativity. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.Google Scholar
Bresnan, J. & Ford, M.
2010 Predicting syntax: Processing dative constructions in American and Australian varieties of English. Language 86(1): 186–213.Google Scholar
Bresnan, J. & Hay, J.
2008 Gradient grammar: An effect of animacy on the syntax of give in New Zealand and American English. Lingua 118(2): 245–259. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Brinton, L.J.
1996 Attitudes towards increasing segmentalization: Complex and phrasal verbs in English. Journal of English Linguistics 24(3): 186–205. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Brugmann, K.
1909 Das Wesen der lautlichen Dissimilationen. Abhandlungen der philologisch-historischen Klasse der königlich-sächsischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften 27: 141–178.Google Scholar
Coperahewa, S.
2009 The language planning situation in Sri Lanka. Current Issues in Language Planning 10(1): 69–150. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Davies, M.
2013 Corpus of Global Web-based English: 1.9 Billion Words from Speakers in 20 Countries. http://​corpus2​.byu​.edu​/glowbe/ (17 October 2014).Google Scholar
de Silva, K.M.
1981 A History of Sri Lanka. Berkeley CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Dempsey, K.B., McCarthy, P.M. & McNamara, D.S.
2007 Using phrasal verbs as an index to distinguish text genres. In Proceedings of the Twentieth International Florida Artificial Intelligence Research Society Conference, D. Wilson & G. Sutcliffe (eds), 217–222. Menlo Park CA: AAAI Press.Google Scholar
Dixon, R.M.W.
2005 A Semantic Approach to English Grammar. Oxford: OUP.Google Scholar
Fanego, T.
1996 The development of gerunds as objects of subject-control verbs in English (1400–1760). Diachronica 13(1): 29–62. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Fernando, C.
1977 English and Sinhala bilingualism in Sri Lanka. Language in Society 6(3): 341–360. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Fernando, S.
1985 Changes in Sri Lankan English as reflected in phonology. University of Colombo Review 5: 41–53.Google Scholar
2003 The vocabulary of Sri Lankan English: Words and phrases that transform a foreign language into their own. Paper presented at the 9th International Conference on Sri Lankan Studies, Matara, Sri Lanka, 28–30 November 2003.
Field, A., Miles, J. & Field, Z.
2012 Discovering Statistics Using R. London: Sage.Google Scholar
Fisher, R.A.
1922 On the interpretation of χ² from contingency tables, and the calculation of P. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society 85(1): 87–94. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Fletcher, W.H.
2007 Concordancing the web: Promise and problems, tools and techniques. In Corpus Linguistics and the Web, M. Hundt, N. Nesselhauf & C. Biewer (eds), 25–45. Amsterdam: Rodopi. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Fonseka, E.A.G.
2003 Sri Lankan English: Exploding the falacy. Paper presented at the 9th International Conference on Sri Lankan Studies, Matara, Sri Lanka, 28–30 November 2003.
Gadsby, A.
(ed.) 2000 Longman Phrasal Verbs Dictionary. Harlow: Longman.Google Scholar
Goonetilleke, D.
2005 Sri Lankan English Literature and the Sri Lankan People 1917–2003. Colombo: Vijitha Yapa Publications.Google Scholar
Greenbaum, S.
1988 Language spread and the writing of grammars. In Language Spread and Language Policy: Issues, Implications and Case Studies, P.H. Lowenberg (ed.), 133–139. Washington DC: Georgetown University Press.Google Scholar
1996 Introducing ICE. In Comparing English Worldwide: The International Corpus of English, S. Greenbaum (ed.), 3–12. Oxford: Clarendon.Google Scholar
Greenbaum, S. & Nelson, G.
1996 The International Corpus of English (ICE) Project. World Englishes 15(1): 3–15. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Grefenstette, G. & Nioche, J.
2000 Estimation of English and non-English language use on the www. In Computer-Assisted Information Retrieval (Recherche d’Information et ses Applications) – RIAO 2000, 6th International Conference, College de France, France, April 12–14, 2000. Proceedings , J.-J. Mariani & D. Harman (eds), 237–246. CID.
Gries, S.Th
2008 Dispersion and adjusted frequencies in corpora. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 13(4): 403–437. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2009 Quantitative Corpus Linguistics with R. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Gries, S.Th. & Bernaisch, T.
Forthcoming. Exploring epicentres empirically: Focus on South Asian Englishes. English World-Wide 37(1). Crossref
Gunesekera, M.
2000 Morphosyntactic errors of fluent speakers of English in Sri Lanka. Vaag Vidya 7: 112–133.Google Scholar
2005 The Postcolonial Identity of Sri Lankan English. Colombo: Katha Publishers.Google Scholar
2006 Why teach Sri Lankan English in a multilingual environment? In English in the Multilingual Environment: Selected Papers from the 3rd International Conference of the Sri Lanka English Language Teachers’ Association, H. Ratwatte & S. Herath (eds), 29–45. Colombo: SLELTA.Google Scholar
Hartford, B.S.
1989 Prototype effects in non-native English: Object-coding in verbs of saying. World Englishes 8(2): 97–117. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Herat, M.
2001 Speaking and writing in Lankan English: A study of native and non-native users of English. California Linguistic Notes 26(1), http://​hss​.fullerton​.edu​/linguistics​/CLN​/spring01​_articles​/herat​.pdf (17 September 2010).Google Scholar
2005 BE variation in Sri Lankan English. Language Variation and Change 17(2): 181–208. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2006 Substitute one in Sri Lankan English. Leeds Working Papers in Linguistics 11, http://​www​.leeds​.ac​.uk​/linguistics​/WPL​/WPL11​.html (11 February 2014).Google Scholar
Hilbert, M. & Krug, M.
2010 The compilation of ICE Malta: State of the art and challenges along the way. ICAME Journal 34: 54–63.Google Scholar
Hoffmann, S.
2007 From web page to mega-corpus: The CNN transcripts. In Corpus Linguistics and the Web, M. Hundt, N. Nesselhauf & C. Biewer (eds), 69–85. Amsterdam: Rodopi. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Hoffmann, S., Hundt, M. & Mukherjee, J.
2011 Indian English – An emerging epicentre? A pilot study on light verbs in web-derived corpora of South Asian Englishes. Anglia 129(3–4): 258–280. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Hohenthal, A.
2003 English in India: Loyalty and attitudes. Language in India 3(5), http://​www​.languageinindia​.com​/may2003​/annika​.html (17 October 2014).Google Scholar
Hornby, A.S.
2008 Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English. Oxford: OUP.Google Scholar
Huddleston, R. & Pullum, G.K.
2002 The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge: CUP.Google Scholar
Hundt, M.
1998 New Zealand English Grammar, Fact or Fiction? A Corpus-Based Study in Morphosyntactic Variation [Varieties of English Around the World G23]. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Hundt, M., Hoffmann, S. & Mukherjee, J.
2012 The hypothetical subjunctive in South Asian Englishes: Local developments in the use of a global construction. English World-Wide 33(2): 147–164. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Hundt, M., Nesselhauf, N. & Biewer, C.
2007 Corpus linguistics and the web. In Corpus Linguistics and the Web, M. Hundt, N. Nesselhauf & C. Biewer (eds), 1–5. Amsterdam: Rodopi. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Jayawardena, K.
2003 Nobodies to Somebodies: The Rise of the Colonial Bourgeoisie in Sri Lanka. Colombo: Social Scientists’ Association & Sanjiva Books.Google Scholar
Johansson, S., Leech, G. & Goodluck, H.
1978 Manual of Information to Accompany the Lancaster-Oslo/Bergen Corpus of British English, for Use with Digital Computers. Oslo: Department of English, University of Oslo.Google Scholar
Joseph, B.D.
2004 On change in Language and change in language. Language 80(3): 381–383. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Kachru, B.B.
1982 South Asian English. In English as a World Language, R.W. Bailey & M. Görlach (eds), 353–383. Ann Arbor MI: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
1992 Models for non-native Englishes. In The Other Tongue: English across Cultures, B.B. Kachru (ed.), 48–74. Urbana IL: University of Illinois Press.Google Scholar
Kandiah, T.
1981a Disinherited Englishes: The case of Lankan English (Part II). Navasilu 4: 92–113.Google Scholar
1981b Lankan English schizoglossia. English World-Wide 2(1): 63–81. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
1984  Kaduva: Power and the English language weapon in Sri Lanka. In Honouring E.F.C. Ludowyk, P. Colin-Thomé & A. Halpé (eds), 117–154. Colombo: Tisara Prakasakayo.Google Scholar
Koch, C. & Bernaisch, T.
2013 Verb complementation in South Asian English(es): The range and frequency of ‘new’ ditransitives. In English Corpus Linguistics: Variation in Time, Space and Genre – Selected Papers from ICAME 32, G. Andersen & K. Bech (eds), 69–89. Amsterdam: Rodopi. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Kortmann, B.
2005 English Linguistics: Essentials. Berlin: Cornelsen.Google Scholar
Kortmann, B. & Schneider, E.W.
2008 General introduction. In Varieties of English: Africa, South and Southeast Asia, R. Mesthrie (ed.), 1–7. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Körtvelyessy, M., Bernaisch, T., Mukherjee, J. & Mendis, D.
2012 Manual to the Written Component of the International Corpus of English – Sri Lanka ICE-SL [W200]. Giessen: Justus Liebig University.Google Scholar
Kumara, S.M.D.S. & Mendis, D.
2010 Making out SLE: A corpus based study of Sri Lankan English phrasal verbs. Paper presented at the 6th International SLELTA Conference, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 15–17 October 2010.
Kumarasamy, S.
2007 Understanding Language Policy and Planning in Sri Lanka. MA thesis, University of Duisburg-Essen.
Künstler, V., Mendis, D. & Mukherjee, J.
2009 English in Sri Lanka: Language functions and speaker attitudes. Anglistik: International Journal of English Studies 20(2): 57–74.Google Scholar
Labuhn, U.
2001 Von Give a Laugh bis Have a Cry. Zu Aspektualität und Transitivität der V + N-Konstruktionen im Englischen. Frankfurt: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
Lange, C.
2007 Focus marking in Indian English. English World-Wide 28(1): 89–118. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2012 The Syntax of Spoken Indian English [Varieties of English Around the World G45]. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Leech, G.
2007 New resources, or just better old ones? The Holy Grail of representativeness. In Corpus Linguistics and the Web, M. Hundt, N. Nesselhauf & C. Biewer (eds), 133–149. Amsterdam: Rodopi. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Leech, G., Hundt, M., Mair, C. & Smith, N.
2009 Change in Contemporary English: A Grammatical Study. Cambridge: CUP. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Leisi, E. & Mair, C.
1999 Das heutige Englisch: Wesenszüge und Probleme. Heidelberg: Winter.Google Scholar
Leitner, G.
1992 English as a pluricentric language. In Pluricentric Languages: Differing Norms in Different Nations, M. Clyne (ed.), 179–237. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Lim, L.
(ed) 2004 Singapore English: A Grammatical Description [Varieties of English Around the World G33]. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Live, A.H.
1973 The TAKE-HAVE phrasal in English. Linguistics 95: 31–50.Google Scholar
Lüdeling, A., Evert, S. & Baroni, M.
2007 Using web data for linguistic purposes. In Corpus Linguistics and the Web, M. Hundt, N. Nesselhauf & C. Biewer (eds), 7–24. Amsterdam: Rodopi. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Mair, C.
2002 Three changing patterns of verb complementation in Late Modern English: A real-time study based on matching text corpora. English Language and Linguistics 6(1): 105–131. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2007 Change and variation in present-day English: Integrating the analysis of closed corpora and web-based monitoring. In Corpus Linguistics and the Web, M. Hundt, N. Nesselhauf & C. Biewer (eds), 233–247. Amsterdam: Rodopi. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Mair, C. & Winkle, C.
2012 Change from to-infinitive to bare infinitive in specificational cleft sentences: Data from World Englishes. In Mapping Unity and Diversity World-Wide: Corpus-Based Studies of New Englishes [Varieties of English Around the World G43], M. Hundt & U. Gut (eds), 243–262. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
McArthur, T.
1998 Concise Oxford Companion to the English Language. Oxford: OUP.Google Scholar
2001 World English and world Englishes: Trends, tensions, varieties, and standards. Language Teaching 34(1): 1–20. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2002 The Oxford Guide to World English. Oxford: OUP.Google Scholar
Mendis, D.
2002 Language planning and ethnicity: Attitudes and perceptions from the education sector. The Sri Lanka Journal of the Humanities 17–18: 161–184.Google Scholar
2010 Formality in academic writing: The use/non-use of phrasal verbs in two varieties of English. In English for Professional and Academic Purposes, M.F. Ruiz-Garrido, J.C. Palmer-Silveira & I. Fortanet-Gomez (eds), 11–24. Amsterdam: Rodopi.Google Scholar
Mendis, D. & Rambukwella, H.
2010 Sri Lankan Englishes. In The Routledge Handbook of World Englishes, A. Kirkpatrick (ed.), 181–196. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Mesthrie, R.
2006 Anti-deletions in an L2 grammar: A study of Black South African English mesolect. English World-Wide 27(2): 111–145. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Mesthrie, R. & Bhatt, R.M.
2008 World Englishes: The Study of New Linguistic Varieties. Cambridge: CUP. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Meyler, M.
2007 A Dictionary of Sri Lankan English. Colombo: Mirisgala.Google Scholar
2009 Sri Lankan English: A distinct South Asian variety. English Today 25(4): 55–60. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2010 A snooty English speaker’s reply. Groundviews 3 June 2010 <http://​www​.groundviews​.org​/2010​/06​/03​/a​-snooty​-english​-speaker%E2%80%99s​-reply​/#more​-3538 (17 October 2014).Google Scholar
Mukherjee, J.
2007 Steady states in the evolution of New Englishes: Present-day Indian English as an equilibrium. Journal of English Linguistics 35(2): 157–187. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2008 Sri Lankan English: Evolutionary status and epicentral influence from Indian English. In Anglistentag 2007 Münster: Proceedings, K. Stierstorfer (ed.), 359–368. Trier: Wissenschaftlicher Verlag Trier.Google Scholar
2009 The lexicogrammar of present-day Indian English: Corpus-based perspectives on structural nativisation. In Exploring the Lexis-Grammar Interface [Studies in Corpus Linguistics 35], U. Römer & R. Schulze (eds), 117–135. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2010 Corpus-based insights into verb-complementational innovations in Indian English: Cases of nativised semantico-structural analogy. In Grammar between Norm and Variation, A.N. Lenz & A. Plewnia (eds), 219–241. Frankfurt: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
2012 English in South Asia – Ambinormative orientations and the role of corpora: The state of the debate in Sri Lanka. In English as an International Language in Asia: Implications for Language Education, A. Kirkpatrick & R. Sussex (eds), 191–208. Heidelberg: Springer. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Mukherjee, J. & Gries, S.Th
2009 Collostructional nativisation in New Englishes: Verb-construction associations in the International Corpus of English. English World-Wide 30(1): 27–51. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Mukherjee, J. & Hoffmann, S.
2006 Describing verb-complementational profiles of New Englishes: A pilot study of Indian English. English World-Wide 27(2): 147–173. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Mukherjee, J. & Schilk, M.
2008 Verb-complementational profiles across varieties of English: Comparing verb classes in Indian English and British English. In The Dynamics of Linguistic Variation: Corpus Evidence on English Past and Present [Studies in Language Variation 2], T. Nevalainen, I. Taavitsainen, P. Pahta & M. Korhonen (eds), 163–181. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2012 Exploring variation and change in New Englishes: Looking into the International Corpus of English (ICE) and beyond. In The Oxford Handbook of the History of English, T. Nevalainen & E.C. Traugott (eds), 189–199. Oxford: OUP.Google Scholar
Mukherjee, J., Schilk, M. & Bernaisch, T.
2010 Compiling the Sri Lankan component of ICE: Principles, problems, prospects. ICAME Journal 34: 64–77.Google Scholar
Nelson, G.
1996 The design of the corpus. In Comparing English Worldwide: The International Corpus of English, S. Greenbaum (ed.), 27–35. Oxford: Clarendon.Google Scholar
Nelson, G. & Hongtao, R.
2012 Particle verbs in African Englishes: Nativization and innovation. In Mapping Unity and Diversity World-Wide: Corpus-Based Studies of New Englishes [Varieties of English Around the World G43], M. Hundt & U. Gut (eds), 197–213. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Nesselhauf, N.
2009 Co-selection phenomena across New Englishes: Parallels (and differences) to foreign learner varieties. English World-Wide 30(1): 1–26. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Nihalani, P., Tongue, R.K., Hosalim, P. & Crowther, J.
2004 Indian and British English: A Handbook of Usage and Pronunciation. New Dehli: OUP.Google Scholar
Olavarría de Ersson, E. & Shaw, P.
2003 Verb complementation patterns in Indian Standard English. English World-Wide 24(2): 137–161. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Parakrama, A.
1995 De-Hegemonizing Language Standards: Learning from (Post) Colonial Englishes about ‘English’. London: Macmillan. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Passé, H.A.
1943 The English language in Ceylon. University of Ceylon Review 1(2): 50–65.Google Scholar
1950 Common errors in Ceylon English. University of Ceylon Review 8(3): 133–160.Google Scholar
Pearson, K.
1900 X. On the criterion that a given system of deviations from the probable in the case of a correlated system of variables is such that it can be reasonably supposed to have arisen from random sampling. Philosophical Magazine 50(5): 157–175. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Peters, P.
2009 Australian English as a regional epicentre. In World Englishes – Problems, Properties and Prospects [Varieties of English Around the World G40], T. Hoffmann & L. Siebers (eds), 107–124. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Poutsma, H.
1904 A Grammar of Late Modern English: For the Use of Continental, Especially Dutch, Students, Part I: The Sentence. Groningen: Noordhoff.Google Scholar
Quirk, R., Greenbaum, S., Leech, G. & Svartvik, J.
1985 A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language. London: Longman.Google Scholar
Raheem, R.
2006 Configuring the mosaic: Investigating language use and attitude in Sri Lanka. In English in the Multilingual Environment: Selected Papers from the 3rd International Conference of the Sri Lanka English Language Teachers’ Association, H. Ratwatte & S. Herath (eds), 13–27. Colombo: SLELTA.Google Scholar
Renouf, A., Kehoe, A. & Banerjee, J.
2005 The WebCorp Search Engine: A Holistic Approach to Web Text Search. Birmingham: University of Birmingham.Google Scholar
2007 WebCorp: An integrated system for web text search. In Corpus Linguistics and the Web, M. Hundt, N. Nesselhauf & C. Biewer (eds), 47–67. Amsterdam: Rodopi. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Renský, M.
1966 English verbo-nominal phrases: Some structural and stylistic aspects. Travaux Linguistique de Prague 1: 289–299.Google Scholar
Rohdenburg, G.
2003 Cognitive complexity and horror aequi as factors determining the use of interrogative clause linkers in English. In Determinants of Grammatical Variation in English, G. Rohdenburg & B. Mondorf (eds), 205–249. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2006 The role of functional constraints in the evolution of the English complementation system. In Syntax, Style and Grammatical Norms: English from 1500–2000, C. Dalton-Puffer, D. Kastovsky & H. Schendl (eds), 143–166. Frankfurt: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
Samarakkody, M. & Braine, G.
2005 Teaching English in Sri Lanka: From colonial roots to Lankan English. In Teaching English to the World: History, Curriculum, and Practice, G. Braine (ed.), 147–157. Mahwah NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
Schilk, M.
2011 Structural Nativization in Indian English Lexicogrammar [Studies in Corpus Linguistics 46]. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Schilk, M., Bernaisch, T. & Mukherjee, J.
2012 Mapping unity and diversity in South Asian English lexicogrammar: Verb-complementational preferences across varieties. In Mapping Unity and Diversity World-Wide: Corpus-Based Studies of New Englishes [Varieties of English Around the World G43], M. Hundt & U. Gut (eds), 137–165. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Schneider, E.W.
2003 The dynamics of New Englishes: From identity construction to dialect birth. Language 79(2): 233–281. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2004 How to trace structural nativization: Particle verbs in world Englishes. World Englishes 23(2): 227–249. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2007 Postcolonial English: Varieties Around the World. Cambridge: CUP. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Sedlatschek, A.
2009 Contemporary Indian English: Variation and Change [Varieties of English Around the World G38]. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Selvadurai, S.
1994 Funny Boy. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart.Google Scholar
Senaratne, C.D.
2009 Sinhala-English Code-Mixing in Sri Lanka: A Sociolinguistic Study. Utrecht: LOT.Google Scholar
Seneviratne, M.
2010 The waylaying ways of ‘English Our Way’. Daily Mirror 7 August 2010 <http://​print2​.dailymirror​.lk​/opinion1​/17853​.html (11 February 2014).Google Scholar
Shastri, S.V.
1988 The Kolhapur Corpus of Indian English and work done on its basis so far. ICAME Journal 12: 15–26.Google Scholar
Shastri, S.V., Patilkulkarni, C.T. & Shastri, G.S.
1986 Manual of Information to Accompany the Kolhapur Corpus of Indian English, for Use with Digital Computers. Kolhapur: Shivaji University.Google Scholar
Sinclair, J.
(ed) 2002 Collins COBUILD Phrasal Verbs Dictionary. Glasgow: HarperCollins.Google Scholar
Sivanandan, A.
1997 When Memory Dies. London: Arcadia Books.Google Scholar
Smith, A.
2009 Light verbs in Australian, New Zealand and British English. In Comparative Studies in Australian and New Zealand English: Grammar and Beyond [Varieties of English Around the World G39], P. Peters, P. Collins & A. Smith (eds), 139–155. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Stein, G.
1991 The phrasal verb type ‘to have a look’ in Modern English. International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching 29(1): 1–29. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Strevens, P.
1980 Teaching English as an International Language: From Practice to Principle. Oxford: Pergamon Press.Google Scholar
Stubbs, M.
2001 Words and Phrases: Corpus Studies of Lexical Semantics. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Swales, J.M. & Feak, C.B.
2004 Academic Writing for Graduate Students. Ann Arbor MI: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
Thirumalai, M.S.
2002 Sri Lanka’s language policy: A brief introduction. Language in India 1(9), http://​www​.languageinindia​.com​/jan2002​/srilanka1​.html (17 October 2014).Google Scholar
Trudgill, P.
2003 A Glossary of Sociolinguistics. Edinburgh: EUP.Google Scholar
Vosberg, U.
2006 Die Große Komplementverschiebung: Außersemantische Einflüsse auf die Entwicklung satzwertiger Ergänzungen im Neuenglischen. Tübingen: Gunter Narr.Google Scholar
Werner, J. & Mukherjee, J.
2012 Highly polysemous verbs in New Englishes: A corpus-based study of Sri Lankan and Indian English. In Corpus Linguistics: Looking back, Moving forward, S. Hoffmann, P. Rayson & G. Leech (eds), 249–266. Amsterdam: Rodopi. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Wickramasinghe, W.
1999 British English, American English and Sri Lankan English, Vol. 3. Nugegoda: Wimal Wickramasinghe.Google Scholar
Wickramasuriya, C.
1961 Some common mistakes in written English. Journal of the National Education Society of Ceylon 10(1): 34–54.Google Scholar
1962 Mistakes in vocabulary and grammar resulting from difficulties with phonemes of English. Journal of the National Education Society of Ceylon 11(2): 32–39.Google Scholar
Wierzbicka, A.
1982 Why can you Have a Drink when you can’t *Have an Eat . Language 58(4): 753–799. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Williams, J.
1987 Non-native varieties of English: A special case of language acquisition. English World-Wide 8(2): 161–199. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Wright, L.
2000 Introduction. In The Development of Standard English, 1300–1800: Theories, Descriptions, Conflicts, L. Wright (ed.), 1–8. Cambridge: CUP. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Xiao, R.
2009 Multidimensional analysis and the study of world Englishes. World Englishes 28(4): 421–450. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Yogasundram, N.
2008 A Comprehensive History of Sri Lanka: From Prehistory to Tsunami. Colombo: Vijitha Yapa Publications.Google Scholar
Zandvoort, R.W.
1965 A Handbook of English Grammar. London: Longmans.Google Scholar
Zipp, L.
2014 Educated Fiji English: Lexico-Grammar and Variety Status [Varieties of English Around the World G47]. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Zipp, L. & Bernaisch, T.
2012 Particle verbs across first and second language varieties of English. In Mapping Unity and Diversity World-Wide: Corpus-Based Studies of New Englishes [Varieties of English Around the World G43], M. Hundt & U. Gut (eds), 167–196. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Subjects

Linguistics

Theoretical linguistics
Corpus linguistics
Germanic linguistics
Sociolinguistics and Dialectology
English linguistics
BIC Subject: CF/2AB – Linguistics/English
BISAC Subject: LAN009000 – LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES / Linguistics / General
U.S. Library of Congress Control Number:  2015020904 | Marc record