Modality in Grammar and Discourse

• Introduction | p. 1
• I. Agent-Oriented and Epistemic Modality
• Agent-Oriented vs. Epistemic Modality: Some Observations on German Modals
  Bernd Heine | p. 17
• The Expression of Root and Epistemic Possibility in English
  Jennifer Coates | p. 55
• Contextuel Conditions for the Interpretation of poder and deber in Spanish
  Carmen Silva-Corvalán | p. 67
• The Obligation Modality in Western Nilotic Languages
  Edith L. Bavin | p. 107
• The Gestural Expression of Modality in ASL
  Sherman Wilcox and Phyllis Perrin Wilcox | p. 135
• II. The Interactional Basis of Modality
• The Development of Epistemic Sentence-ending Modal Forms and Functions in Korean Children
  Soonja Choi | p. 165
• The Interactional Basis of the Mandarin Modal néng ‘can’
  Jiansheng Guo | p. 205
• The Discourse and Interactive Functions of Obligation Expressions
  John Myhill and Laura A. Smith | p. 239
• Apprehensional Epistemics
  Frank Lichtenberk | p. 293
• Moods and MetaMessages: Alienation as a Mood
  John Haiman | p. 329
• III. Irrealis Modality and Subjunctive
• The Realis-Irrealis Distinction in Caddo, the Northern Iroquoian Languages, and English
  Wallace Chafe | p. 349
• On the Relativity of Irreality
  Marianne Mithun | p. 367
• The Grammaticalization of Irrealis in Tik Pisin
  Suzanne Romaine | p. 389
• The Evaluative Function of the Spanish Subjunctive
  Patricia V. Lunn | p. 429
• IV. Modality and Other Categories of Grammar
• Negation and the Modals of Possibility and Necessity
  Frank Robert Palmer | p. 453
• A Functional Theory of Complementizers
  Zygmunt Frajzyngier | p. 473
• The Semantic Development of Past Tense Modals in English
  Joan L. Bybee | p. 503
• Imperfective and Irrealis
  Suzanne Fleischman | p. 519
• Subject index | p. 553
• Language index | p. 565
• Author index | p. 569

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